（2019版）新人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 1Science and Scientists 新课预习单元词汇讲解-（含答案）.docx

1、Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元必考词汇单元必考词汇1 1 / 1111基础词汇基础词汇 通关通关1.germ n.微生物;细菌;病菌2.proof n.证据;证明;检验prove vt.证明linking verb 证明是3.pump n.泵;抽水机;打气筒water pump 水泵4.householdn.一家人;家庭;同住一所（套）房子的人5.intervention n.介入;出面;干涉intervene v.介入;阻碍;阻挠;干扰6.statistic n.pl.统计数字;统计资料;统计学7.thinkingn.思想;思维;见解8. celln.细胞;

2、小房间;单间牢房9.virus n.病毒the novel coronavirus 新型冠状病毒10.vaccinen.疫苗11.concrete n.混凝土concretely adv.adj.混凝土制的;确实具体地的;具体的12.aerospacen.航空航天工业13.aviationn.航空制造业;航空;飞行14.leadershipn.领导;领导地位;领导才能15.conceptn.概念;观念concept car 概念车16.astronomer n.天文学家astronomy n.天文学17.shiftn.改变;转换;轮班an eight-hour shift 八小时轮班vi.&

3、vt.转移;挪动;转向shift from.to.从转为18.infect vt.使感染；传染infection n.感染；传染be infected with 感染上.Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元必考词汇单元必考词汇2 2 / 111119.tracevt.追溯;追踪;查出n.痕迹;遗迹;踪迹20. severe adj.极为恶劣的;十分severely adv. 严重的;严厉的;严重地;严格地21.frustrated adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的frustrate vt.使懊丧; 使懊恼;使沮丧22.contradictory adj.相互矛盾的;对

4、立的;不一致的contradiction n.(事实、看法、行动等的）不一致;矛盾;对立23.multipleadj.数量多的；多种multiply vi.&多样的vt.乘;成倍增加;迅速增加;（使）繁殖24.rawadj.未煮的;生的;未raw material 原料经处理的;原始的raw data 原始数据25.pureadj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的purely adv.仅仅;完全purity n.纯洁;纯净;纯粹26.substantialadj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的initial adj.最初的;开始的； initially adv.开始;最初;起初27.patriotic adj

5、.爱国的 patriotic songs 爱国歌曲28.mechanical adj. 机械的;发动机的;机器的;（动作、回答等）机械的,不加思考的mechanic n.机械师；动机械修理工a mechanical gesture/ response 机械的手势/回答29.abstractadj.抽象的；理性的n.(文献等的）摘要abstract knowledge 理论知识30. steadyadj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的steadily adv.稳定地;稳固地31.brilliant adj.聪颖的;绝妙的;明亮的brilliance n.才华Unit 1 Science and Scie

6、ntists 单元必考词汇单元必考词汇3 3 / 111132. vivid adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的vividly adv.生动地33.once and for all 最终地;彻底地e down 患（病）;染上（小病）;下降;落下探究词汇探究词汇 提高提高1.subscribevi.认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费）纳（会费）subscribe to 赞同；同意；订阅（报纸、杂志等）Snow subscribed to the second theory.斯诺赞同第二种理论。Dont go and ask for her ideas about o

7、ur plan for the trip. Never will she subscribe to it.不要去问她对我们旅行计划的想法。她绝对不会同意的。I have never subscribed to the view that your schooldays are the happiest days of your life.我从未赞同过这样的看法，即认为学生时代是你一生中最快乐的日子。You should subscribe to trade magazines to learn more about your business.你应该订阅商业类杂志来进一步了解你的业务。2.su

8、spectvt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任怀疑；疑有；不信任Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。suspect that.觉得;怀疑suspect. of(doing) sth 怀疑涉嫌某事/有（做）某事的嫌疑The doctor suspected that he had been infected with HIV, the virus that leads to AIDS.The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths.人们怀疑这种药物造成了 200 多

9、人死亡。n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象Some of the suspects questioned refused to answer and kept their mouths shut.被审问的嫌疑人中有一些拒绝回答，保持沉默。Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元必考词汇单元必考词汇4 4 / 1111suspected adj.(伤病）疑似的；被怀疑的suspicious adj.猜疑的；可疑的suspicion n.猜疑；嫌疑2.blame vt.把把归咎于；责怪；指责归咎于；责怪；指责be to blame (for sth)(对某事）应负责,应受责备blam

10、e sb for sth 因某事而责备某人blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某事I feel it is your husband who is to blame for the spoiled child.Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.艾丽斯因学校计算机网络故障而受到责备，情绪非常低落。Police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving.警方把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶。be to bl

11、ame 意为“应受责备”，用主动形式表被动含义，相当于 should be blamed.Its you rather than he that are to blame.n.责备；指责责备；指责take/accept/shoulder the blame for.对承担责任put/lay the blame on sb 归咎于某人I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.3.handle n.把手把手;拉手拉手;柄柄Accordingly, he had the handle of the

12、pump removed so that it could not be used.She turned the handle and opened the door.她转动把手，打开了门。v.处理；搬动；操纵（车辆、动物、工具等）；对待处理；搬动；操纵（车辆、动物、工具等）；对待（某人）（某人）Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元必考词汇单元必考词汇5 5 / 1111Officials should be capable of identifying risks, and they should have the ability to handle emerge

13、ncies.The police department added 200 officers to handle the crowd.4.link n.联系；纽带联系；纽带Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different watercompanies in London.links between A and B A 与 B 之间的联系The police suspect there may be a link between the two murders

14、.vt.把把连接起来连接起来;相关联相关联A long silk ribbon that links the crowns is a symbol of a long and happy life for the couple.be linked with/to.与有关link A to/with B 把 A 与 B 联系起来；把 A 与 B 相连link A and B together 把 A 和 B 联系起来/连接起来link up with.与连接/联手Exposure to ultraviolet light is closely linked to skin cancer.受紫外线

15、照射与皮肤癌紧密相关。You can then be linked with up to 24 different worldwide locations.耿思拓展join.to.把与连接起来connect.with/to.把与连接起来associate.with.把与联系在一起relate.to.把与联系起来The island, joined/connected to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.It is reported that fully 95% of the US public schools are now connec

16、ted to the Internet,Do you know how pumpkins got associated with Halloween?War is closely related to poverty since they always go hand in hand.Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元必考词汇单元必考词汇6 6 / 11115.decreasen.减少；降低；减少量减少；降低；减少量Through Snows tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water,

17、and the threat of choleraaround the world saw a substantial decrease.vt. &vi.(使大小、数量等）减少;减小;降低on the decrease 在减少中decrease to.减少到decrease by.减少了decrease from.to.从减少到Average house prices decreased by 13% last year.The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.6.thanks to幸亏；由于幸亏；由于 Th

18、anks to your encouragement from time to time, I dont feel tense when giving a speech in public now.It was no thanks to you that we managed to win the game.表示“因为；由于”的短语还有：because of, due to, owing to, on account of, as a result of 等。7.transform vt.使改观使改观;使改变形态使改变形态vi.改变改变;转变转变Moreover, in his use of

19、maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.transform sh/sth(from sth)into sth 把某人/某物（由)转化为The magician transformed the man into a rabbit.transformation n.变化；转变；改观trans-为常见前缀，意思是“转移；变化”，如：transplant(移植），transport(运输），transfer(迁移；转移）transform 与 change 的用法区别Unit 1 Science a

20、nd Scientists 单元必考词汇单元必考词汇7 7 / 1111易混词用法transform指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生的彻底变化,失去原状成为全新的东西。The movie transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a megastar.change可指任何变化，强调与原先的情况有明显的不同。She wants to change her appointment from Tuesday to Friday.8.castvt.(cast,cast)投射；向投射；向投以（视线、笑容等）

21、；投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷；选派（角色）投掷；选派（角色）cast sb as.选某人担任的角色cast a glance/look at.向看了一眼cast a vote 投票cast aside 抛弃;丢弃cast light on sth 阐明某事cast doubt(s)on 使怀疑I am honored to be cast as the leading role in this film.He cast a quick glance at his friend when they passed by the shop.Her documentary casts serious

22、doubt on Gilligans conviction.n.c全体演员The whole cast performs/ perform brilliantly.9.pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料）倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料）A non-Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid, but if you put any pressure on it, itsuddenly becomes hard as concrete.pour sth into/down/out(sth)把某物倒进/倒下/倒出（某物）p

23、our sth into sth 大量投入（金钱等）于某事物Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元必考词汇单元必考词汇8 8 / 1111pour out 倾吐；倾诉；尽情地诉说Well pour about 30% more liquid into a short, wide glass than into a tall, skinny glass.The government has poured a large sum of money into the education system.vi.(水）流出来;（烟）被吐出;涌现;下大雨Look! Its goin

24、g to pour. Youd better put your bike in the garage.pour down(雨）倾盆而下pour down.从流下pour in/into/out of/from 涌入（)/从涌出Tears of happiness poured down Susans cheeks.幸福的People poured into the square from all parts of the city.Offers of help poured in from all over the country.10.break out（战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；

25、爆发（战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviationbecause he realized that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.break away from 从挣脱;从逃离break down(谈判）失败;出故障;（身体）垮掉;分解break in 打断谈话;插话;闯入（

26、行窃）（不加宾语）break into 闯入（行窃）（加宾语）break off 中断：断开break through 突破;冲破;克服;战胜break up(关系）破裂;（学校）放假;（会议）结束;（团体）散伙The prisoner broke away from the two policemen who were holding him.You will break down sooner or later if you keep working like that.I was telling them about my exciting travels when he broke i

27、n with a story of his own.我Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元必考词汇单元必考词汇9 9 / 1111My house was broken into last week.The two countries broke off diplomatic relations.He managed to break through his shyness.When does your school break up?Many bands break up because of personality clashes between the mus

28、icians.11.defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解保卫；防守；辩解defend.against/from.保卫免受之害defend against.防御defend oneself/sb 为自己/某人辩护defence n.防御；保卫；辩护；防御物defence against的抵御物in defence of.保卫in/come to sbs defence 为某人辩护She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.The immune system is our main defe

29、nce against disease.defender n.捍卫者He presented himself as a defender of democracy.他以民主捍卫者的姿态出现。12.assistantn.助理；助手助理；助手assist vt.& vi.帮助；协助assist(sb)with/in.在方面帮助（某人）assist sb in doing sth 帮助某人做某事The teacher assists the children with their tasks.注意不要说 assist sb to do sth,而要说 assist sb with sth 或 ass

30、ist sb in doing sth.Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元必考词汇单元必考词汇1010 / 1111assistance n.协助；援助be of assistance 有帮助;有用处come to ones assistance 帮助某人with the assistance of.在的帮助下financial/economic/technical assistance 资金援助/经济援助/技术支持One of her fellow passengers came to her assistance.Weve rebuilt the theatr

31、e with the assistance of the National Lottery.13.in charge of主管主管;掌管掌管in charge (of.)主管;负责（sth be) in the charge of =(sth be) in ones charge(某事）由某人负责/主管take charge(of.)负责;管理free of charge 免费charge sb with.控告/指控某人He asked to speak to the person in charge.Mr Green is in charge of this factory.The fact

32、ory is in the charge of Mr Green.There was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confident of dealing withchildren was asked to take charge of him.Gibbons has been charged with murder.吉14.giftedadj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的be gifted in/at.在方面有天赋The child is gift

33、ed at drawing on the computer.那Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元必考词汇单元必考词汇1111 / 11111gift n.天赋；天才；礼物have a gift for(doing) sth.有（做）的天赋He was a kind man, with a gift for forming lasting friendships.talented adj.有才能的；有才干的；天才的be talented in.在方面有天赋talent n.天资；天赋；天才have(a).talent for.在方面有天赋15.fault n.弱点；

34、过错；故障弱点；过错；故障find fault with 找碴儿；挑剔I have tried my best and done quite well, but he always finds fault with me.error, mistake, fault, wrong 的用法区别易混词用法error强调违反某一标准做的错事，包括道德上的错误。其使用范围较窄，常指在计算、书写等过程中出现的“差错”。常用于 in error,意为“错误地”。mistake强调日常生活中判断和看法的错误，其使用范围较广，可指各种错误。常用于 bymistake,意为“错误地”。fault强调责任或性格上的弱点，通常指人的“过失；过错”。常用于 find fault(with),意为“找（.的）茬儿；批评；挑剔”。wrong用于指不公正、冤屈、罪过或罪恶。常用于 do sb wrong,意为“冤枉某人”。