（2019版）新人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Science and scientists Part 1 Reading and Thinking 同步练习 （含答案）.docx

1、UNIT 1SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTSPart 1Reading and Thinking基础过关练基础过关练.单词拼写1.She had no reason to(怀疑) that Sylvia had not told the truth.2.The poems may not make sense and even seem(相互矛盾的), but they areeasy to recite.3.The police think there may be a(联系)between the two cases.4.Yuan Longping hoped to(改变) t

2、he food problem by developing a recordproduction of 1,500 kilograms per mu.5.All drivers are taught how to(处理) emergencies before they receive theirdriving licenses.6.There are many ways to eat tomatoes;they can be eaten(生的) or cookedwith other vegetables.7.If the tigers cannot find enough food to e

3、at,their numbers may dsharply.选词填空subscribe to;once and for all;thanks to;attend to1.We have to take measures to settle this problem.2.The nurses are busythe patients in the hospital.3.your timely help, we can finish the task in time.4.If youChina Daily,itll be delivered to your door every day.单句语法填

4、空1.Cheer up! You neednt feel(frustrate) at your failure in the exam.2.Officials say that few citizens(infect) with the virus owing to effectiveprevention now.3.These are just some(proof) that we could do for the program.4.These events(severe) affect our environment as well as human health.5.Carbon e

5、missions from human activities are partly to blameour warmingplanet.完成句子1.我们还没决定去哪儿度暑假。We havent decidedfor our summer holiday.2.澳大利亚的救援人员正把鲸鱼拖离沙洲,以便它们能返回大海。The Australian rescuers are pulling the whales off the sand bankstheycan return to the sea.3.当学生进入青春期时,他们似乎很容易变得渴望展示出他们是不同的,是独立的。When students

6、reach puberty,they easily become eager toshow that they are different and independent.课文语法填空John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”Cholera used to be one of the most feared1(disease) in the world until JohnSnow showed how it could be overcome. Cholera,as2deadly disease of its day,threatened ordinary people

7、. No one knew its cause orits cure. Every time cholera broke out,large numbers of3(frighten) people died.John Snow was determined4(solve) this problem. He knew only if he found itscause would it be controlled.There were two theories that5(possible) explained how people got infected.John Snow6(subscr

8、ibe) to the theory that cholera was caused by an infectionfrom germs in food or water.In 1854, another outbreak of cholera hit London. John Snow decided toinvestigate. He marked the places on a map,7gave him a valuable clue aboutthe cause of the disease. He found many of the deaths were near the wat

9、er pump inBroad Street. Some households had no deaths8these people drank free beer. Itseemed that the water pump was9(blame). He made further research andconcluded that polluted water led to the disease. Finally “King Cholera”10(defeat). Thanks to John Snow, we now know how to prevent cholera.1.2.3.

10、4.5.6.7.8.9.10.能力提升练能力提升练.阅读理解AWomen have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times. Dozens ofwomen have won the Nobel Prize, one of the highest honors in the world. Somewomen scientists never married, some worked with their husband, and others raisedlarge families. It has been difficul

11、t for women to be successful scientists.In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became one of the first womenrecognized for her discoveries of the ancient history of the earth. Mary and her fathercollected fossils(化石)in their village on the south coast of Great Britain. Fossils areparts of plants

12、 or animals that have been saved in rocks for millions of years.When she was only twelve years old, Mary became the first person to find thealmost complete skeletons(骨架)of several animals that no longer existed on earth.She didnt become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold

13、herfossils to get money to support her family.In 1891, a young Polish woman named Maria Sklodowska traveled to Paris tostudy physics. She did so because she could not get a college education in Poland. Shebegan working in the laboratory with a man named Pierre Curie. She and Pierre Curiegot married

14、and made many discoveries together. They received the Nobel Prize inPhysics in 1903 along with another scientist. Marie Curie became the first person tobe awarded a second Nobel Prize in 1911, this time in Chemistry. Marie Curie wasone of the few women at the time that became famous as a scientist.1

15、.What does the author think of women scientists according to Paragraph 1?A.They go through difficulties to be successful.B.They cannot get the highest honors in the world.C.They had better pay more attention to their families.D.They have more opportunities to become successful.2.Why did Mary fail to

16、 be famous for her discoveries of fossils?A.Because she didnt want to be known to anyone.B.Because they werent worth studying.C.Because nobody recognized them.D.Because she sold them for money.3.What can we know about Marie Curie?A.She finished her college education in Poland.B.She was the first wom

17、an to win two Nobel Prizes.C.She won the first Nobel Prize before getting married.D.She and her husband won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.4.Whats the text mainly about?A.Ancient discoveries of scientists.B.Some stories of women scientists.C.Successful marriages of women scientists.D.Some women scient

18、ists winning the Nobel Prize.BWhat if we had the power to control time, instead of moving from the past to thepresent to the future? What if we could jump, loop and travel through time in amachine? What if we could go wherever and whenever we pleased?This ability would allow us to witness historic w

19、onders, change decisions andsee people from the past. We could right wrongs and stop wars breaking out once andfor all.The mysterious puzzle of time has kept people debating its nature for hundredsof years. Science fiction writers have turned it into imaginative stories. Somescientists have even att

20、empted to explain it using math. This math tries to make thedream of time travel come true.The gifted scientist Albert Einstein said that time and space are one thing. Hecalled it “spacetime”. Einstein said that there are three dimensions in space: height,width and depth. A scientist named Hermann M

21、inkowski added time as a fourthdimension.Einstein introduced two ideas that have led to theories about the possibility oftime travel. The first is relativity. The idea of relativity is that the force of gravitycauses space to bend, which causes time to twist. The second idea focuses on specialrelati

22、vity. The idea is that a traveler moving super fast through flat spacetime willenter the future. Einstein considered time “relative” because it is measured based onwhere we are on Earth or in space.Stephen Hawking is a famous scientist. He believed that a time machine wouldnever be built. If it were

23、 possible, he thought, we would already know. If a timemachine could be built, how come no one from the future has invaded us?The first science fiction story about this theme is The Clock That Went Backwardby Edward P. Mitchell, which was published in 1881.Since then, thousands of books,films and te

24、levision shows linked to this theme have explored the idea of time travel,in which some tools such as phones, watches, photographs and old books taketravelers backward and forward.Will time travel ever happen? Who knows? The most important thing is to keepyour eyes open and have a sense of wonder.5.

25、What is the purpose of the first paragraph?A.To show time and space are connected.B.To show peoples interest in time travel.C.To draw readers attention to time travel.D.To make people believe time travel is possible.6.Which of the following statements could Einstein agree with?A.Time travel is possi

26、ble in the future.B.People cant move faster than light.C.Time travel is against scientific rules.D.Spacetime is not a real thing in theory.7.What is the last but one paragraph mainly about?A.The first science fiction story.B.Some tools used in time travel.C.Edward P. Mitchell, the pioneer.D.Differen

27、t works about time travel.8.What is the writers attitude toward time travel?A.Cautious.B.Approving.C.Doubtful.D.Hopeful.七选五Online courses have become popular in many countries. There are different kindsof online courses, but most show a video of a teacher and students in a classroom.Students watch t

28、he video online and take part in online activities. Some courses arefree and open to anyone.1Of course, watching videos on a screen is not thesame as taking part in a real class.2In Singapore, eight schools have been chosen to try new ways of usingtechnology in the classroom. The schools have tablet

29、s(平板电脑)and touchscreensinstead of books and blackboards in the classrooms.3Through them, studentscan communicate with each other and work on projects together.In South Korea, some students have been taught English by teachers in thePhilippines and other countries since 2011. The teachers are in thei

30、r home country andare connected to the South Korean classrooms via the Internet. Instead of looking at ascreen, the students interact with a robot in the classroom. The robot is controlled bythe teachers.4Thanks to technology, more and more ways of teaching and learning are beingdeveloped.5But one t

31、hing is for surethere has never been a more interesting timethan being a student.A.E-learning can be successful.B.There are also social media platforms(平台).C.Other kinds of e-learning are being tested around the world.D.They give students the chance to study anywhere, at any time.E.Nobody knows what

32、 the classroom of the future will look like.F.And it can move around the classroom and talk with the students.G.The courses that are taught via the Internet are called online courses.1.2.3.4.5.参考答案参考答案基础过关练.1.suspect2.contradictory3.link4.transform5.handle6.raw7.decrease.1.once and for all2.attendin

33、g to3.Thanks to4.subscribe to.1.frustrated考查词性转换。句意:振作起来!你没有必要因为考试失利而感到沮丧。feel 是系动词,后面应跟形容词作表语,此处修饰人,应填 frustrated,意为“沮丧的”。2.are infected考查动词的时态和语态。句意:官员说,由于有效的预防,现在很少有居民感染那种病毒。分析句子结构可知,设空处作宾语从句的谓语,citizens 与infect 之间为被动关系,由 say 和 now 判断应用一般现在时的被动语态,故填 areinfected。3.proofs考查名词复数。句意:这些只是我们可以为这个程序做的一些

34、证明。由句中的 are 以及 some 可知此处应用名词的复数形式。故填 proofs。易错分析本题容易错填为 prooves,在这里,我们需要注意,以-f 结尾的名词变复数时很多都是把 f 变为 v 然后加-es,然而 proof、belief、chief、roof 这几个词的复数形式都是直接在后面加-s。4.severely考查副词。句意:这些事件严重影响了我们的环境和人类健康。设空处修饰动词 affect 应该用副词形式,故填 severely。5.for考查介词。 句意:人类活动产生的碳排放是造成地球变暖的部分原因。 be toblame for 意为“应为负责任;应因受责备”,故填

35、for。.1.where to go2.so that3.it seems that.1.diseases考查名词的数。句意:霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一。分析句子结构可知,本题考查“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构,故填diseases。2.a考查冠词。句意:霍乱作为当时一种致命的疾病,威胁着普通人(的生命)。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,设空处应用不定冠词表泛指,表示一种致命的疾病,且 deadly 以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词 a。3.frightened考查词性转换。句意:每次霍乱暴发,都会有大批惊恐的人病死。分析句子结构可知,设空处作定语修饰名词 people

36、,故用形容词 frightened,意为“惊恐的,害怕的”。4.to solve考查动词不定式。句意:约翰斯诺下定决心要解决这个问题。bedetermined to do.意为“下定决心做”,故填 to solve。5.possibly考查词性转换。句意:有两种理论可能解释了人们是如何被感染的。分析句子结构可知,设空处作状语修饰动词 explained,故应填副词 possibly,意为“可能地”。6.subscribed考查动词的时态。句意:约翰斯诺赞同霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的这一理论。分析句子结构可知,设空处充当主句的谓语,由语境可知用一般过去时,故填 subscribed。su

37、bscribe to 意为“同意,赞成”。7.which考查非限制性定语从句。句意:他在地图上标出了那些地方,这给了他一条关于疾病起因的有价值的线索。 分析句子结构可知,7gave him.the disease是一个非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的主句,故用关系代词 which。8.because考查连词。句意:一些家庭没有死亡病例,因为这些人喝免费的啤酒。由句意可知此处应填 because,引导原因状语从句。9.to blame考查固定搭配。句意:似乎水泵是罪魁祸首。be to blame 意为“应负责任;应受责备”,故填 to blame。易错分析在该题中学生会因为空前的 was 而认为是被

38、动语态,从而错填成 blamed。因此,在学习中要牢记短语“be to blame”,用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义,表示“应受责备”。10.was defeated考查动词的时态和语态。句意:最终“霍乱王”被打败了。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语,因为叙述过去发生的事,故用一般过去时。 由句意可知,这种疾病是被打败,故用被动语态。故填 was defeated。能力提升练.A本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了以玛丽安宁和玛丽居里为代表的女性科学家的故事。这些女性科学家为人类社会做出了很大贡献。1.A细节理解题。根据第一段末句 It has been difficult for women to

39、 be successfulscientists.可知,在作者看来,女性成为成功的科学家是很难的。该句与 A 选项是同义表达。 故选 A。 B 选项(她们不能得到世界上最高的荣誉)与第一段第二句所述观点相悖;C 选项(她们最好多关注她们的家庭)、D 选项(她们有更多成功的机会)均不符合第一段内容。2.D细节理解题。 根据第三段末句 She didnt become famous for her discoveries atthat time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family.可知,她当时没

40、有因为发现化石而出名是因为她经常卖掉化石来赚钱养家。故选 D。3.B细节理解题。根据第四段中的 They received the Nobel Prize in Physics in1903 along with another scientist. 和 Marie Curie became the first person to beawarded a second Nobel Prize in 1911,this time in Chemistry.可知,1903 年,居里夫妇和另一位科学家一起获得了诺贝尔物理学奖,1911 年,居里夫人成为第一个获得第二个诺贝尔奖的人,这次是化学奖。由此

41、可知,她是第一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的女性。故选 B。A 选项(她在波兰完成了大学教育),第四段前两句交代了玛丽居里因为不能在波兰上大学,所以才去了巴黎学习物理;C 选项(她在结婚前获得了第一个诺贝尔奖),而第四段第四句和第五句交代了他们是先结了婚,然后和另一位科学家一起赢得了诺贝尔物理学奖;D 选项(她和她的丈夫获得了诺贝尔化学奖)与第四段第六句所述内容不符。4.B主旨大意题。文章结构为总分结构,第一段提及了本文的中心话题:Womenhave been making scientific discoveries since ancient times.It has been difficult

42、forwomen to be successful scientists.(从古代开始,女性就一直在进行科学发现女性很难成为成功的科学家。),然后讲述了玛丽安宁和玛丽居里的故事。由此可知文章的话题为“一些女性科学家的故事”。故选 B。其中因为居里夫人获得了诺贝尔奖而使 D 选项具有干扰性,但是玛丽安宁没有获诺贝尔奖,故排除 D 选项。B本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了时间旅行是否能够成为可能,并且引用了科学家阿尔伯特爱因斯坦和斯蒂芬霍金对于时间旅行的看法,同时也介绍了关于时间旅行的不同作品。5.C推理判断题。在第一段作者提到了几个假设“如果我们有能力控制时间,而不是从过去移动到现在移动到未来,

43、会怎样?如果我们能在机器里跳跃、循环和穿越时间会怎样?如果我们可以想去哪就去哪,想什么时候去就什么时候去会怎样?”然后开始介绍时间旅行这一话题,由此推断,作者写第一段的目的是吸引读者对时间旅行的注意。 故选 C。 A 项(为了表明时间和空间是有联系的);B 项(为了说明人们在时间旅行方面的兴趣);D 项(为了让人们相信时间旅行是可能的)。A 选项表述的内容在文章第四段被提到:爱因斯坦认为时间和空间是一件事情,但显然,它不是第一段的写作目的。6.A推理判断题。 根据第五段首句可知,爱因斯坦提出了两种观点,这两种观点导致了关于时间旅行可能性的理论。 由此可推知,爱因斯坦会同意 A 项“时间旅行在未

44、来是可能的”的说法。 B 项(人们不能比光移动得快)与第五段中爱因斯坦的第二个观点(The idea is that a traveler moving super fast through flat spacetime will enterthe future)相悖;C 项(时间旅行违背科学原则),第五段第一句提到了爱因斯坦提出了时间旅行的可能性的理论,所以爱因斯坦认为它有科学依据;D 项(时空在理论上不是真实的事情),第四段中,爱因斯坦给出了时空的概念,说明爱因斯坦认为它是真实的。7.D主旨大意题。倒数第二段的首句介绍了第一个以这个话题为主题的科幻故事,此后,出现了成千上万的探讨时间旅行的

45、书籍、 电影和电视节目,由此可知,倒数第二段的主要内容是介绍关于时间旅行的不同作品。故选 D。其中 A、B 和 C 选项都犯了“以偏概全”的错误,它们只是本段内容的一个方面。8.D推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The most important thing is to keep youreyes open and have a sense of wonder.”可知,作者对于时间旅行的态度是充满希望的。故选 D。have a sense of wonder(持有一种好奇感)是解题的关键。A 项“谨慎的”;B 项“赞同的”;C 项“怀疑的”。.本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了在线课程的有关内容。老

46、师可以进行远程授课,学生在教室与教学机器人进行互动。随着科技的发展,教学方式也在不断地发展。1.D上文提到 Students watch the video online and take part in online activities.Some courses are free and open to anyone.(学生在线观看视频并参与线上活动。一些课程对任何人都是免费开放的。 ),说明正是因为网络的便利性,学生可以随时随地学习。D 项(它们给了学生随时随地学习的机会)符合语境。2.C第二、三段提到了新加坡、韩国对在线学习的实践,说明了在线学习在全世界进行测试。C 项符合语境。3.B

47、第二段最后一句提到 Through them, students can communicate with eachother and work on projects together.(学生可以通过它们互相交流,共同完成项目。),只有通过平台学生才能互相沟通交流,且代词 them 指代 B 项中的 social mediaplatforms。故 B 项符合语境。4.F上文提到 Instead of looking at a screen, the students interact with a robot in theclassroom. The robot is controlled by the teachers.(学生在教室里跟机器人进行互动,而不是盯着屏幕看。 这个机器人由老师控制。 ),F项中的it指代前文中出现的robot,故 F 项符合语境。5.E倒数第二段提到随着科技的发展,越来越多的教学和学习方式正被研发出来。而科技的发展会给教学模式带来什么样的未来还是未知的。因此,没有人知道未来的教室会是什么样子的。故 E 项符合语境。