定语从句语法.docx

1、G9U9G9U9 定语从句语法讲义定语从句语法讲义教师版教师版定语从句1. 定义：1) 在复合句中，担当定语功能，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。2) 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词连接先行词与定语从句，并代替先行词在句中作一定的句子成分，分为关系代词和关系副词。2. 构成：先行词先行词+关系代词关系代词+定语从句。定语从句。3. 本次课主要讲解关系代词 who，that，which 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句。1) that 既可以用于指人人，也可以用于指物。物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略作主语时不可省略

2、，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.（作主语）The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.（作宾语）2) which 指物， 在定语从句中可作主语、 宾语、 表语或定语。 which 在定语从句中也可与介词“of”连用构成“of+which”短语作定语。例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.（作主语）The film (which) we saw last night was wonde

3、rful. （作宾语）The classroom, the door of which is broken, will soon be repaired. (of which 作定语)3) who 用于指人，在从句中可用作主语也可作宾语。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.（作主语）This is the student who I always talk about.（作宾语）注意：1.当定语从句的引导词作介词的宾语，当定语从句的引导词作介词的宾语，介词放在句末时，介词放在句末时，who, that,

4、which 可省略可省略。例如：She is the girl (that/who) you are looking for.Here is the box (that/which) you are looking for.2.但介词在关系代词前时，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用只能用“介词介词+which/whom”结构，此时关系代词不能用结构，此时关系代词不能用 that/who。如：This is the house in which we lived last year.The woman to whom she is talking is her mother.3. 当先行词指物，当先

5、行词指物，以下几种情况只能用以下几种情况只能用 that，不能用，不能用 which：1) 先行词为先行词为 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little 等不定代词时；等不定代词时；2) 先行词被序数词所修饰时；先行词被序数词所修饰时；3) 先行词被形容词最高级或有先行词被形容词最高级或有 the only/ the very 等修饰时；等修饰时；4) 先行词既有人又有物时。先行词既有人又有物时。例如：Thats all that I know.The first thing that we should do is to mak

6、e a plan.This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.She took photos of the things and people that she was interested in.4. which 引导的定语从句，引导的定语从句，以下几种情况只能用以下几种情况只能用 which，不能用，不能用 that1）关系代词 which 指代表示事物的先行词，在定语从句中用作主语、表语或者宾语。如：The place which interested me most was the Chil

7、drens Palace. 最让我感兴趣的地方是少年宫。2）非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，省去不影响主句的意思，并且常用逗号与主句分开常用逗号与主句分开，翻译时常译成并列的分句。非限制性定语从句缺主语、宾语或表语时只能用 which 不可以用 that。如：He wrote a book, which immediately became popular. 他写了一本书，这本书立即流行了。3）关系代词前有介词时有介词时，指事物，应该用 which。如：This is the room in which Lu Xun lived. 这是鲁迅住过的房间。4）当先行词本身是 that，指事物，关系

8、代词应该用 which。如：The clock is that which tells the time. 这个钟能报时。Can you remember the scientist and his theory _ we have learned (that/which)The doctor _ we are talking _ can speak French.A. what; /; about; /; about根据中文意思补全句子。人人都喜欢和乐于助人、有幽默感的人交朋友。填空题Everyone enjoys making friends with those _ have a sen

9、se of humor and are ready to help others.（who）The woman _ was Johns wife.A I spoke to herB whom I spoke to herC that I spoke toD who I spokeThis is the most interesting book _ during my holidays.A which I have ever readB what I have ever readC that I have ever readD I have ever read it根据句子意思填入恰当的关系词

10、。The letter in _ Jack told how he felt about me is very important.（which）Those _ still have doubts on the problem can raise their hands.（who）Is there anything _ has been read for the content（that）比较级的修饰词比较级常用 far（远远），much（得多），even（甚至更），still（还要，更），a lot（得多），a bit（有点），a little（一点）等来修饰。如：Its cold this

11、 year, but it was even colder last year.今年很冷，但去年甚至更冷。Dont worry. Its going to be much better.别担心，会更好的。His illness is far more serious than we thought.他的病远比我们想象的要严重。Dont go by plane. Its a lot more expensive.不要坐飞机去。那样花费要多得多。Is he any better this morning 他今早稍好一些了吗【注意】too、quite、very、so 等词常用于原级之前。翻译句子。他们现在比以前过得快乐得多。They now live _ _ _ happily than in the past.（a lot more）翻译句子。他今天早上到得比平时早一点。He arrived _ _ _ than usual this morning.（a little 或 bit earlier）翻译句子。他法语讲得比我好多了。He can speak French _ _ _ than I can.（a lot better）