《数电(英文版）》全册配套课件.ppt

1、数电数电( (英文版）英文版）全册配套课件全册配套课件2 2Digital Logic Design and ApplicationChen YanLecture #1IntroductionUESTC, Spring 2011Digital Logic Design and Application3 3InstructorlChen YanlOffice: 研究院大楼研究院大楼508 航空航天学院航空航天学院 School of Astronautics & AeronauticslEMAIL: Digital Logic Design and Application4 4Resources

2、Textbook:DIGITAL DESIGN Principles & Practices, ( Fourth Edition ), John F.Wakerly, Higher Education Press, 2007 References:l数字逻辑设计及应用，姜书艳主编，清华大学出版社，数字逻辑设计及应用，姜书艳主编，清华大学出版社，2007l数字电子技术基础（第数字电子技术基础（第5版），阎石主编，高等教育出版），阎石主编，高等教育出版社，版社，2007l数字设计数字设计原理与实践（第原理与实践（第4版），版），John F. Wakerly, 林林生等译生等译, 机械工业出版社，

3、机械工业出版社，2007Digital Logic Design and Application5 5ResourcesCourse Webpagelhttp:/222.197.165.195/wlxt/index.aspx电子科技大电子科技大学学/互动教学空间互动教学空间/网络学堂网络学堂/自动化工程学院自动化工程学院/数字逻辑数字逻辑设计及应用设计及应用 姜姜书艳书艳/教学录像教学录像 部分习题解答部分习题解答 Xilinx的大学计划，的大学计划，提供了大量的产品资料、课程资料以及用于数字设计提供了大量的产品资料、课程资料以及用于数字设计实验课程的芯片和插件实验课程的芯片和插件Prereq

4、uisitesl电路分析基础电路分析基础l模拟电路基础模拟电路基础 Digital Logic Design and ApplicationAbout the namenOther namesnAssociation between Digital & LogicalJin. UESTC.6 6Digital Logic Design and ApplicationWhat does digital tech. do?7 7电视技术电视技术雷达技术雷达技术通信技术通信技术计算机、自动控制计算机、自动控制航空航天航空航天数码相机数码相机MP3、MP4人类社会进入信息数字化的时代，人类社会进入信息

5、数字化的时代，“数数字逻辑字逻辑”是数字技术的基础，是电子信是数字技术的基础，是电子信息类各专业的主要技术基础课程之一。息类各专业的主要技术基础课程之一。“digitalize”：许多传统使用模拟技术的领域转而使用数字技术。许多传统使用模拟技术的领域转而使用数字技术。Digital Logic Design and Application8 8Topics to be CoverednIntroduction, Number Systems and Codes: 1 weeks nLogic signals and Gates, CMOS Logic: 1 weeks nCombination

6、al Logic Design Principles: 2-3 weeksSwitching Algebra, Combinational-Circuit Analysis and SynthesisnCombinational Logic Design Practices: 3weeks Decoders, Encoders, Multiplexers, Comparators, etc.nHardware Description Languages: 1 weeknSequential Logic Design Principles: 2-3 weeksLatches, Flip-Flop

7、s, Clocked Synchronous State-Machine Analysis and DesignnSequential Logic Design Practices: 3 weeksSSI Latches and Flip-Flops, Counters, Shift Registers, Iterative, nOther: Memory, CPLDS and FPGAS, A/D, D/A Circuits: 1weeks Digital Logic Design and Application一、一、concepts & fundamentals二、集成电路为主；逻辑功能

8、为主二、集成电路为主；逻辑功能为主三、重视实践三、重视实践本课程的重点是数字电路的基本概念、基本原理、分析方法、设计本课程的重点是数字电路的基本概念、基本原理、分析方法、设计方法和实验调试方法。只要掌握了基本的原理和方法，我们就可以方法和实验调试方法。只要掌握了基本的原理和方法，我们就可以分析给出的任何一种数字电路；也可以根据提出的任何一种逻辑功分析给出的任何一种数字电路；也可以根据提出的任何一种逻辑功能，设计出相应的逻辑电路。能，设计出相应的逻辑电路。对于各类数字集成电路器件，重点是掌握他们的外部特性，包括逻辑对于各类数字集成电路器件，重点是掌握他们的外部特性，包括逻辑功能和输入、输出端的电

9、气特性。为了更好的理解和运用电路器件的功能和输入、输出端的电气特性。为了更好的理解和运用电路器件的外部特性，需要理解他们的输入电路和输出电路的结构及其原理。至外部特性，需要理解他们的输入电路和输出电路的结构及其原理。至于内部的电路结构和详细工作过程都不是重点，不需要去记忆。于内部的电路结构和详细工作过程都不是重点，不需要去记忆。通过实验的训练，加深对理论知识的理解和掌握，同时更重要的是要通过实验的训练，加深对理论知识的理解和掌握，同时更重要的是要学习和掌握电子技术实验的研究方法。将理论和实际有机地结合，学学习和掌握电子技术实验的研究方法。将理论和实际有机地结合，学会用实验的方法分析和解决实际问

10、题。会用实验的方法分析和解决实际问题。Concepts of teaching & learningDigital Logic Design and Application1010GradesnHomeworks and Quizzes in class 15% nProjects and Paper 15%nMidterm Exam 30% nFinal Exam 40%11 11Chapter 1 IntroductionWelcome to the world of digital design.Digital Logic Design and ApplicationDigital Lo

11、gic Design and Application1212Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 About Digital DesignnAbout Principles and PracticesnImportant Themes in Digital Design (P2)*Digital Logic Design and Application13131.2 Analog vs. DigitalAnalog:Digital Logic Design and Application1.2 Analog vs. DigitalJin. UESTC.1414Primary pa

12、rameters: frequency, bandwidthPrimary parameters: frequency, bandwidth、powerpowerBasic deviceBasic device：transistors working at amplify area.transistors working at amplify area.Analog:values vary over a broad range continuouslyDigital Logic Design and Applicationtvrectangular wave1for High；0 for Lo

13、w0 1 0 01 1 0 10l特点：数值的大小和每次的增减都是量化单位的整数倍。特点：数值的大小和每次的增减都是量化单位的整数倍。lPresented as binary code system1.2 Analog vs. DigitalDigital Logic Design and Application1.2 Analog vs. DigitalnThe problem for analog signal nThe advantages of digital signal 1616signaldegradationamplification 模拟信号在传输过程中失真模拟信号在传输过程

14、中失真 数字信号仍然可以保持数字信号仍然可以保持 0、1抗干扰性强;便于存储;便于分析和设计；便于利用计算机、DSP等进行信号处理.电路中的电子器件工作在开关状态，易于实现，便于集成化缺点：其表现形式的多样化决定了对其的处理也是复杂多样的。Digital Logic Design and Application17171.2 Analog vs. DigitalnDigital systemAny inputs and outputs can only be 1 or 0 !Digital Logic Design and Application18181.3 Digital Devicesn

15、Gates （门）（门） the most basic digital devicesnFlip-Flops （触发器）（触发器） a device that stores either a 0 or 1nCombinational Circuits（组合电路）（组合电路）nSequential Circuits（时序电路）（时序电路）AND gateOR gateNOT gate or inverterDigital Logic Design and Application19191.4 Electronic Aspects of Digital Design （数字设计的电子技术）（数字设

16、计的电子技术）nHow to realize logic 0 and 1 in a real circuit?逻辑上的逻辑上的 0 和和 1 在物理上如何实现？在物理上如何实现？nWhat is the range of analog value with each logic value? 什么电平范围对应逻辑什么电平范围对应逻辑 0 或或 1 ？nHow to produce and figure out the signal in a proper range?如何正确产生和识别处于适当范围的信号？如何正确产生和识别处于适当范围的信号？nThe association between D

17、igital and Analog数字与模拟之间的关系数字与模拟之间的关系Digital Logic Design and Application20201.5 Software Aspects of Digital Design*nWhat does software can do?nSoftware tools help to improve the designers productivity, the correctness and quality designs.软件工具有助于提高设计的效率、正确性和质量。软件工具有助于提高设计的效率、正确性和质量。nSeveral Software

18、 Tools几种软件工具几种软件工具 P9lPspise, multisim, 电路仿真电路仿真lMaxPlus, QuatusII, VHDL仿真仿真lprotel, powerPCB，制版软件，制版软件Digital Logic Design and Application1.6 Integrated Circuits 2121Relay 继电器继电器nAdvances of Digital Electronic technologiesDigital Logic Design and Application22221.6 Integrated CircuitsnAdvances of D

19、igital Electronic technologies 数字电子技术的进展数字电子技术的进展l20世纪世纪40年代，宾夕法尼亚大学，第一部电子数字计年代，宾夕法尼亚大学，第一部电子数字计算机（算机（Eniac），采用真空管（），采用真空管（Vacuum Tube）n使用了使用了17468个真空管个真空管n占地占地457平米平米n重重30吨吨n耗电耗电160KWn每秒可以完成每秒可以完成5000次次+，或或385次次*，或，或40次次/，或，或3次开方运算次开方运算Digital Logic Design and Application23231.6 Integrated Circuits

20、 ( (集成电路集成电路IC)IC)n20世纪世纪50年代（年代（1947年），年）， 双极型晶体管（双极型晶体管（BJT）出现；）出现；n60年代，年代，TTL逻辑出现，集成电路出现逻辑出现，集成电路出现lTTL: Transistor-Transistor Logicn80年代开始，年代开始，MOS电路开始逐步取代电路开始逐步取代TTL电路，现在电路，现在CMOS占领了世界占领了世界IC市场的绝大部分市场的绝大部分lCMOS: Complementary MOSDigital Logic Design and Application24241.6 Integrated Circuitsn单

21、个硅片上的一个或多个单个硅片上的一个或多个门电路的集合体，就叫做门电路的集合体，就叫做集成电路。集成电路。nwafer(单晶硅片单晶硅片) die(模片模片) packagingnDual In-line-pin Package ( DIP ) 双列直插式封装（双列直插式封装（P13）0.254mm15mmDigital Logic Design and Application25251.6 Integrated Circuits7400Vcc1413121110981234567GND7402Vcc 1413121110981234567GND7404Vcc 1413121110981234

22、567GND7408Vcc 1413121110981234567GND7410Vcc1413121110981234567GND7411Vcc1413121110981234567GND7420Vcc1413121110981234567GND7421Vcc 1413121110981234567GND7430Vcc 1413121110981234567GND7432Vcc1413121110981234567GNDDigital Logic Design and Application26261.6 Integrated CircuitsnSmall-Scale Integration

23、(SSI，小规模集成，小规模集成): 门门 1-20 GatesnMedium-Scale Integration (MSI，中规模集成，中规模集成):功能构件功能构件 20-200 GatesnLarge-Scale Integration (LSI，大规模集成，大规模集成):一个系统一个系统 200-200,000 GatesnVery Large-Scale Integration (VLSI，超大规模集成，超大规模集成): 包含包含FPGA的系统的系统 Over 1,000,000 TransistorsnSystem On Chip ( SOC ) 片上系统片上系统-集成系统集成系统

24、nTiny Scale Integration ( TSI ) 微小规模集成微小规模集成Digital Logic Design and Application1.6 Integrated CircuitsJin. UESTC.2727Question：What if there is some thing wrong with the already-made IC? How to debugging it？The solution is Programmable Logic Devices （PLD）Digital Logic Design and Application28281.7 P

25、rogrammable Logic Devices nProgrammable Logic Device (PLD, 可编程逻辑器件可编程逻辑器件)AND-OR circuitDigital Logic Design and Application1.7 Programmable Logic Devices nProgrammable Logic Array (PLA, 可编程逻辑阵列可编程逻辑阵列)nProgrammable Array Logic (PAL, 可编程阵列逻辑可编程阵列逻辑)nComplex PLD (CPLD, 复杂可编程逻辑器件复杂可编程逻辑器件)nField-Progr

26、ammable Gate Array (FPGA, 现场可编程现场可编程门阵列门阵列）2929Digital Logic Design and Application30301.8 Application-Specific ICs 专用集成电路（专用集成电路（ASIC）nSemi-Custom IC (半定制半定制IC)nNon-Recurring Engineering (NRE) Cost (非再现工程成本）非再现工程成本）: $30,000 - $50,000nCustom IC (全定制全定制IC）NRE Cost: Over $250,000nIf you put the desig

27、n introduced in this textbook into a practical chip manufactory, youre requiring a ASIC producing.Digital Logic Design and Application31311.9 Printed-Circuit BoardsnPrinted-Wiring Boards (PWB,印制线路板印制线路板)n多层，多层，1/16”n钻孔钻孔n连线连线 ：10-50mil3miln焊接焊接Digital Logic Design and Application1.9 Printed-Circuit

28、BoardsnSurface-Mount Technology (SMT, 表面安装技术表面安装技术)3232Digital Logic Design and Application1.9 Printed-Circuit BoardsnMulti-Chip Module (MCM, 多芯片模块）多芯片模块）Jin. UESTC.3333MCM在多层印制板(PCB)和表面安装技术(SMT)的基础上发展起来的新一代微电子封装与组装技术，是实现系统集成的有力手段。信号传输速度、电性能以及可靠性等方面独具优势，是目前能最大限度地提高集成度、提高高速单片IC性能，制作高速电子系统，实现整机小型化、多功能

29、化、高可靠性、高性能的最有效途径。 Digital Logic Design and Application34341.10 Digital Design LevelsnDevice Physics and IC Manufacturing Processes Level （物理级：器件物理和（物理级：器件物理和IC 制造过程）制造过程）nTransistor Level（晶体管级）（晶体管级）nGates Structure Level（门电路结构级）（门电路结构级）nLogic Design Level（逻辑设计级）（逻辑设计级）nOverall System Design（整体系统设计）

30、（整体系统设计）本课程本课程 *Digital Logic Design and Application3535Example: a multiplexer with 2 data input bitsABSZABSZ6 transistors14 transistorsDigital Logic Design and ApplicationHome workn1.6n以以“数字电路设计的层次数字电路设计的层次”为主题，标为主题，标题自拟，完成一篇题自拟，完成一篇20003000字左右的小字左右的小论文。手写、打印均可，下周四提交。论文。手写、打印均可，下周四提交。363637Digital

31、Logic Design and ApplicationChen YanLecture #2UESTC, Spring 2011Chapter 3 Digital Circuits Give a knowledge of the Electrical aspects of Digital Circuits Digital Logic Design and Application 学习要求学习要求38n掌握：掌握： CMOSCMOS逻辑电平和噪声容限；逻辑电平和噪声容限；CMOSCMOS逻辑基本门的电路逻辑基本门的电路结构结构; ;n理解：理解：CMOSCMOS逻辑电路的稳态和动态电气特性；逻辑

32、电路的稳态和动态电气特性；n理解：特殊的输入输出电路结构理解：特殊的输入输出电路结构; ;n了解：利用仿真软件对了解：利用仿真软件对CMOSCMOS基本逻辑门的静态特性和动态特基本逻辑门的静态特性和动态特性进行仿真。性进行仿真。n了解：作为电子开关运用的二极管、双极型晶体管、了解：作为电子开关运用的二极管、双极型晶体管、MOSMOS场场效应管的工作方式；效应管的工作方式；n了解：其他类型的逻辑电路：了解：其他类型的逻辑电路：TTL,ECLTTL,ECL等；等；n了解：不同类型、不同工作电压的逻辑电路的输入输出逻辑了解：不同类型、不同工作电压的逻辑电路的输入输出逻辑电平规范值以及它们之间的连接配

33、合的问题。电路成本、速电平规范值以及它们之间的连接配合的问题。电路成本、速度与基本电路规模的关系。度与基本电路规模的关系。Digital Logic Design and Application3.1 Logic Signals and GatesnDigit logic hide the pitfalls of the analog world by mapping the infinite set of real values for a physical quantity into two subsets corresponding to just two possible number

34、s or logic ：0 an 139Infinite Signal of the real worldTwo values in the Digital Logic worldlogical abstractionDigital Logic Design and Application3.1 Logic Signals and Gates40Tab. 3-1 the maping of practical physical signal to the logical signal玩过碟仙、笔仙的游戏吗？Digital Logic Design and Application3.1 Logi

35、c Signals and Gates41Buffer amplifier1the minmial input high voltage levelvoltage levelWeakstrongDigital Logic Design and Application3.1 Logic Signals and Gates42Digital Logic Design and Application3.1 Logic Signals and GatesnMethods of description, analysis and design the abstract logic circuitslsw

36、itching algebralTruth table/ State Table43X+X=X X*X=XDigital Logic Design and Application44Axioms of Logic Algebran X = 0, if X 1 (若若X 1, 则则X = 0 )n X = 1, if X 0 (若若X 0, 则则X = 1)n 0 = 11 = 0n 0 0 = 01 + 1 = 1n 1 1 = 10 + 0 = 0n 01 = 10 = 01+0 = 0+1 = 1Digital Logic Design and Application45Basic Log

37、ic Function AND0 0 00 1 01 0 01 1 1ABZLogic EquationZ = A BSwitch: 1-on, 0-off Lamp: 1-light, 0-unlightedAn AND gate produces a 1 output if and only if all its inputs are 1 .Truth Table&ABZABZLogic SymbolA B ZDigital Logic Design and Application46Basic Logic Function: ORLogic Equation : Z = A + BA B

38、 ZTruth TableABZAn OR gate produces a 1 output if and only if one or more inputs is 1.0 0 00 1 11 0 11 1 11ABZABZLogic Symbol Digital Logic Design and Application47A Z0 11 0Truth TableLogic EquationZ = A = A AZRTo produce an output value that is the opposite of its input value. Commonly called an In

39、verter.1ZAAZLogic SymbolBasic Logic Function: NOTDigital Logic Design and Application48TruthTable&1Digital Logic Design and Application493.1 Logic Signals and GatesnThe physical aspects of digital circuitslPhysical realizationlWorking principleslElectrical charactersChap. 3Digital Logic Design and A

40、pplication503.1 Logic Signals and GatesHow to get the HIGH and LOW Voltage?positivelogic10negativelogic10HighLowConsult Fig. 3-62 for logical voltage comparetionVOUTVINVccR获得高、低电平的基本原理 Digital Logic Design and Application513.2 Logic FamilieslA logic family is a collection of different IC chips that

41、have similar input, output, and internal circuit characteristics, but that perform different logic functions.lChips of same family can be connected to perform arbitary logic function. (Fig. 6-62)lChips from different families may not be compatible.n TTL families (Tab. 3-10)n CMOS logic (Fig. 3-62) D

42、igital Logic Design and Application52Some TermsnSemiconductor diode, 半导体二极管半导体二极管nBipolar junction transistor, 双极结型晶体管双极结型晶体管nIntegrated circuit, 集成电路集成电路nBipolar logic family, 双极型逻辑系列双极型逻辑系列nTransistor-transistor logic, TTL, 晶体管晶体管-晶体晶体管逻辑管逻辑nMetal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor, MOSFE

43、T, 金属氧化物半导体场效应金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管晶体管nComplementary MOS, CMOS, 互补互补MOSDigital Logic Design and Application533.3 CMOS Logic1. CMOS Logic LevelsLogic 1 (HIGH) Logic 0 (LOW) 5.0V3.5V1.5V0.0V undefined logic level A CMOS Logic Circuit uses not only 5-Volt power-supply voltage, but other power-supply voltages,

44、 such as 3.3, 2.7 volts.Digital Logic Design and Application542. MOS TransistorsnTwo Types: N-Channel and P-ChannelAn input voltage controls the resistance between drain and source.Digital Logic Design and Application552. MOS TransistorsNormally, Vgs = 0 If Vgs = 0 Rds is very high ( 106 ) The trans

45、istor is “Off”. increase Vgs decrease Rds when Rds is very low ( =10 ) the transistor is “On”.An input voltage controls the resistance between drain and source.Digital Logic Design and Application562. MOS TransistorsnTwo Types: P-ChannelNormally, Vgs 1M1001MFighting冲突Digital Logic Design and Applica

46、tion864. Schmitt-Trigger InputsVOUTVIN5.02.12.95.0I-O transfer characteristic VT+VT-inputswitching thresholdVT+VT-Use feedback internally shift the switching threshold.采用内部反馈，边沿更陡Hysteresis(滞后): the difference between the two thresholds.Logic Symbol: Digital Logic Design and Application87Application

47、s of Schmitt-Trigger波形变换 VTDigital Logic Design and Application88Applications of Schmitt-Trigger脉冲整形 Digital Logic Design and Application89Applications of Schmitt-Trigger脉冲鉴幅 Digital Logic Design and ApplicationBackups9091Digital Logic Design and ApplicationChenYanLecture #3CMOS Electrical BehaviorU

48、ESTC, Spring 2011Digital Logic Design and Application92Last LecturenPositive Logic and Negative LogicnCMOS LogicDigital Logic Design and Application93Last LectureNAND, NOR, AOI, OAI2n transistors for n-input gateNotice: the additive “on” resistance of transistors PMOS网络NMOS网络OutI1InI1InDigital Logic

49、 Design and ApplicationLast LecturenTransmission GatesnTri-State gatesnDrain open gatesnSchmitt-trigger input94Digital Logic Design and Application953.4 Electrical Behavior of CMOS CircuitsnDigital analysis works only if circuits are operated in spec:lPower supply voltagelTemperaturelInput-signal qualitylOutput loadingnMust do some “analog” analysis to prove that circuits are operated in spec.lFan-in specslFan-out specslTiming analysis (setup and hold times)Digital Logic Design and Application963.4 Electrical Behavior of CMOS CircuitsnOverviewlLogic Voltage LevelslDC Noise MarginslFan-OutlSpe