初高中英语衔接-句子成分1课件.ppt

1、 达尔文曾说过“关于方法的知识是最重要的知识”，不管我们学习什么，掌握正确的方法是最重要的。 我们现在正面临着一个初、高中的衔接问题，初中侧重基础的语法知识，而高中侧重具体地使用英语。所以，学好英语首先要掌握正确的方法。 什么是方法？ 1、关于语法知识的学习：掌握一定的语法知识是必要的，它是基础，中国人学习外语要学点语法，但是过分地研究语法是不利于能力的培养的，这也是中国人学习英语的误区。有人说，那么高考怎么办？高考正是考查学生实际使用英语的能力，语法的考试也是在实际语境中考查，因此语篇的能力才是真正的能力。 2、语言的学习应听、说、读、写全面发展，在开始阶段应以听说为主。高一新学期12月内主

2、要以训练自己的听与说的能力为主要目标，逐步加大阅读。 3、语言的学习与任何知识的学习一样，以自学为主。要有一定的自学能力，外语学习不是老师讲会的，是自己练会的。在使用中、练习中掌握规律。以练为主是外语学习的主要特点，仅仅靠老师是不够的。因此外语学习的过程是练功夫的过程，是长期坚持不懈的学习过程。 高中学习就要开始了，希望大家要有一个英语学习目标，真正地行动起来，从第一天开始，坚持向最终目标踏实前进。 学好外语的十条经验学好外语的十条经验v 1.学习外语一天也不能中断，那怕每天挤出10分钟也好。早晨是学外语的大好时光，尤应充分利用。v 2.如果学厌了，不必勉强继续，也不要放下不学，可以变换一下其

3、它的学习方法和形式，如改听录音，看外语电视节目等。v 3.绝不要脱离上下文孤立地死记硬背。v 4.应随时记下并背熟常用的“句套子”，并多多练习套用。v 5.尽可能“心译”你接触的东西，如一闪而过的广告，偶尔听到的话语。这是一种休息方式，也是一种训练方式。v 6.不要反复去看那些未经教师修改过的练习，只有那些肯定是正确的东西才值得去牢记。v 7.抄录和记忆“句套子”和惯用语时，要用单数第一人称。在应用时则能根据不同时态而发挥出去。v 8.外语好比碉堡，必须同时从四面八方向它围攻。如：读报纸，听广播，看外语电影、电视，听外语讲座，读外语读物等。v 9.要敢于用外语说话，不要怕出错误。当别人帮你纠正

4、错误时，不要难为情，更不要泄气。v 10.要坚信自己一定能达到目的，坚信自己有坚强的毅力和语言方面的才能。一一. 句子成分句子成分 二二. 英语基本句型英语基本句型三三. 时态和语态时态和语态什么是句子？什么是句子？句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母必须一个字母必须大写大写，结尾要有，结尾要有？ ！I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is !英语句子的基本结构（英语句子的基本结构（5个）个） 1.

5、S+V (主主+谓谓) 2. S+V+P（主（主+系系+表）表） 3. S+V+O （主（主+谓谓+宾）宾） 4.S+V+o+O（主（主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾）直宾） 5.S+V+O+OC（主（主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补）宾补）( (不及物动词不及物动词) )1. The sunrose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly此句型的句子有一个此句型的句子有一个共同特点共同特点, 即句子的谓语即句子的谓语动词动词都能表达完整的

6、意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。( (是系动词是系动词) ) ( (表语表语) ) 1.ThisisanEnglish-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinnersmellsgood. 3. Everythinglooksdifferent. 4. Heis growingtall and strong. 5. Our wellhas gonedry. 6. His faceturnedred. ( (及物动词及物动词)( (宾语宾语) )1. Whok

7、nowsthe answer? 2. He has refusedto help them. 3. Heenjoysreading. 4. Hesaid“Good morning.”5. Headmitsthat he was wrong. ( (及物及物)( (多指人多指人)( (多指物多指物) )1.Sheorderedherselfa new dress. 2. Hebroughtyoua dictionary. 3. Ishowedhimmy pictures. 4. Itoldhimthat the bus was late. 5. Heshowedmehow to run the

8、machine. (及物及物) (宾语宾语) (宾补宾补) 1. Theypaintedthe doorgreen. 2. Thissetthem thinking. 3. Theyfoundthe housedestroyed. 4. Heaskedmeto come back soon. 5. I sawthemgetting on the bus. a. b. c. d. e. 1. Pleas tell us a story. _2. She smiled. _3. I have a lot work to do. _4. His job is to train swimmers. _

9、5. He noticed a man enter the room. _6. Please look at the picture. _daebec现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。我在停车场看到一只黑色的猫在追老鼠我在停车场看到一只黑色的猫在追老鼠。 英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 补语（complement）。句子包括哪些成分？句子包括哪些成分？主语：主语：句子的主体，表示句子所说的是什么句子的主体，表

10、示句子所说的是什么或是谁或是谁一般由一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当名词或从句充当它的位置一般在句首它的位置一般在句首The girl/She is pretty.Learning English is useful.To live in China is his dream.That light travels in straight lines is known to all.It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.What he wants is a life of high qual

11、ity.谓语谓语: : 说说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由由简单动词或者动词短语简单动词或者动词短语构成构成They are teachers.She looks well.He studies hard.He laughed at his classmates.He can speak English.宾语宾语: :是是动动作行作行为的对象，由为的对象，由名词，代词，名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它充当它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后谓语之后She plays the pian

12、o.He often helps me.I like watching TV.She likes to go to shop this afternoon.I think that he is good guy.表语表语: :位于系动词后面位于系动词后面. .由由名词，形容词，名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句或者从句充充当当I am a teacher.She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My wish is to become an artist.The re

13、ason was that he got up too late this morning.That was what I am interested in.宾语补足语：宾语补足语：起起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用样的作用它它可以由可以由名词，形容词，副词，名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当充当If you let me go, Ill make you king.Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived.Make yourself at

14、home.I want him to give up smoking .The boss keeps them working all day.I heard my name called.状语状语: : 用用来修饰动词，形容词或副词来修饰动词，形容词或副词表表示行示行为发生的为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式时间，地点，目的，方式，条件，条件，程度程度。一。一般由般由副词，介词短语，不副词，介词短语，不定式，现定式，现在分词，过去分词充在分词，过去分词充当，也可由从句当，也可由从句来来充当。充当。He did it carefully.Without his help, we couldnt w

15、ork it out.In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.不定式作状语：不定式作状语：The boy needs a pen to do his homework.男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business.为实现梦想为实现梦想, 汤姆变得对商

16、业很有兴趣汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣. Living far away from school, I have to get up early every morning.The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage.He entered the room, followed by his pet dog.Seen in the distance, the village looks more beautiful.分词作状语：分词作状语：状语从句：状语从句：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、

17、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句条件状语从句 -We chatted as we walked along.-Even if she laughs at him, he adores her.I feel very happy when you come to see me. He called me after he finished the work. We have been friends sine we met at school.We must camp where we can get water.My friend

18、s admire me because I am handsome and successful.In order that the students in the back could hear more clearly, the teacher raised his voice.If you heat ice, it will melt.Even if he is poor, she loves him.定语定语: : 用用来修饰名词或代词来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，现在分现在分词词，过去分词，从，过

19、去分词，从句句都可以充当定都可以充当定语语The black bike is mine.Whats your name? I have 5 books. They made paper flowers.The boy in the room is Jack.I have something to do.The man sitting at the back is Mr. Smith.a sleeping boya broken vase.used booksThe book written by Hanhan is very famous.一一、挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语 My br

20、other hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.二二、挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语- The old man was feeling very tired.- The

21、leaves have turned yellow.- Soon they all became interested in the subject.三三、挑出下列句中的定语挑出下列句中的定语1. What is your given name?2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!四四、挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She li

22、kes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.五五、挑出下列句中的状语挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upst

23、airs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to se

24、e the other machine.划分句子成分划分句子成分1.You will tell your friend that youve got to school.2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering

25、 clouds held me entirely in their power.动词动词1.按句法功能按句法功能实义动词：实义动词：系动词：系动词：助动词：助动词：情态动词：情态动词：及物动词及物动词不及物动词不及物动词do, be, will, havebe, become, turn, get, look, seem, sound, feel, taste,can, could, may, might, shall, should, must2. 按照动词的类型按照动词的类型谓语动词：能充当谓语的动词谓语动词：能充当谓语的动词非谓语动词：不能充当谓语的动词非谓语动词：不能充当谓语的动词主语

26、，宾语，定语，状语，补语，表语当句子中需要用某种动作来充当这些成分时候，用非谓语形式：动词不定式动词不定式 to do,doing,doneIt is important to protect our environment.Mary decided to go alone.I expect you to write to me.She has a lot of homework to do.She came here to visit some friends. I know a boy called Tom.Can you hear someone singing outside?Bein

27、g a student, you should do your homework.Who is the comrade standing by the door?1.You will tell （your） friend that youve got to school.2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didntdare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to beUpstairs at dusk (when the window was open).4

28、. The (dark, rainy) evening, the wind, the thunderingClouds held me entirely in their power.主语谓语谓语间宾间宾定语直接宾语原因状语原因状语主语 谓语谓语宾语宾语 HOMEWORK一、翻译下列句子，并在系动词下划线。1. Five and five is ten. 2. His father is in. 3. The picture is on the wall. 4. My watch is gone / missing / lost. 5. The question is whether they

29、 will come. 6. It sounds a good idea. 7. Tom looks thin. 8. The food smells delicious. 9. Now I feel tired. 10. The door remains open. 二、翻译下列句子，并用（ ）标出定语。1. Mr. Zhang is a chemistry teacher. 2. He is our friend. We belong to the third world. 3. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.4. The man over there is my old friend5. The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. 6. The boys playing football are in Class 2. 7. The trees planted last year are growing well now.8. I have an idea to do it well. 9. You should do everything that I do. 10. The book whose cover is red is mine.