不定式由to-动词原形构成课件.ppt

1、不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式不定式1 结构结构 : to do (否定否定) not/never to do 二二. 时态与语态时态与语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been

2、 done to have been doing-(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.( (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时发生一般式表示与谓语的动作同时发生/ /在它之后在它之后.).)( (在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时, ,不定式的动作也正在进行不定式的动作也正在进行) )( (完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) )(4).Were happy to have been w

3、orking with you. ( (完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前, ,不定式的不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续) )动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态想一想想一想He pretends to be ill to sleep in class. 一般式一般式( to do )He pretends to be listening when asked.进行式进行式( to be doing)不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。之后

4、发生。如果谓语表示的动作（情况）如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。作正在进行。He pretends to have understood the lesson.完成式（完成式（to have done)表示不定式动作发生表示不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前。在谓语动作之前。动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能To have an ice cream is cool.I want to see you this evening.All you should do now is to remember todays lesson.I want

5、a pen to write with.He lowered his head to sleep. He asked his partner not to copy the homework. 主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补重点重点!Remember them!一、一、- -inging形式与不定式的区别形式与不定式的区别不定式一般表示某个不定式一般表示某个一次性的、具体的一次性的、具体的、未做的未做的动作；而动作；而-ing形式则表示形式则表示习惯的习惯的（泛指的）泛指的）动作或动作或一件已知的事或经验已知的事或经验。 Getting up early is a g

6、ood habit. To finish the work in a week is impossible. 二、不定式做主语，一般用二、不定式做主语，一般用itit当形式主语当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。把作主语的不定式短语后置。但在下列句型中常用但在下列句型中常用-ing形式作主语。形式作主语。 It is impossible to finish the work in a week.It is/was not any use/goodof little use/gooduseless+doing sth.no use/good 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词若主语和表语都是非谓语动

7、词, , 应保持应保持形式上的一致。形式上的一致。 SeeingSeeing isis believingbelieving. . To seeTo see isis to believeto believe. . It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is of little good staying up too late every day.注意注意1)有些动词要求只接不定式作宾语：有些动词要求只接不定式作宾语：hope wish want agree promise demand ask refuse manage learn decidepre

8、tend choosefail dare offer help三个希望希望两答应答应两个要求要求莫拒绝拒绝做到学会做到学会作决定决定不要假装假装在选择选择没敢没敢提出提出来帮助帮助三、不定式和三、不定式和inging形式形式作宾语作宾语的区别的区别2)有些动词只接有些动词只接ing作宾语作宾语,常见的有：常见的有：resist、 object to、delay、 look forward to 、 enjoy ； mind、 imagine、 practise、suggest、appreciate.抗议推迟盼喜报，心想练成荐欣赏Bear them in your mind!四、四、不带不带to

9、的不定式的不定式作宾补作宾补三三使使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感一感: feel四看四看 watch see observe noticeI heard them sing a pop song .The teacher made me answer the question.We watched them play football .如果上述结构变为被动语态如果上述结构变为被动语态,不定式就不定式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语,此时动词此时动词(let, have无被动语态无被动语态)后原后原来不带来不带to的

10、不定式要加的不定式要加to。如如: He was seen to go upstairs. He was made to do his work .Be careful! 五、五、介词介词except/ but 之后接不定式时，如之后接不定式时，如果介词前果介词前有实意动词有实意动词do的各种形式的各种形式则则except/ but 后接后接不带不带to 的不定式；反之，的不定式；反之，如果如果except/ but前前没有实意动词没有实意动词do，则不，则不定式定式带带to 。Cai has no choice but to do the homework. Cai does nothing

11、 but sleep every day.六、六、 作定语的不定式如果是作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的动作的地点工具地点工具等，不定式后面须有等，不定式后面须有相应相应的介词的介词。 He is looking for a room to live in.不定式所修饰的名词如果是不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或或way，不定式后面的不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去介词习惯上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live.七、七、 something, any

12、thing, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。置定语。1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式（不定式to send的动作执行者是的动作执行者是you）2) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？ （不定式（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已的动作执行者是已被省略的被省略的me或或someone else）注意比较注意比较To tell the truth, I

13、 am not happy at the moment.八、独立结构八、独立结构to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth九、九、 不定式的省略不定式的省略(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词.- Would you like to go with me ? - Id like to .(2). 不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构, be 不可省不可省.- Would you like to be a teacher?- Id like to be.1. had better/had b

14、est + (not) do sth. 2. Why (not) do sth.?3. prefer to do/prefer doing4. prefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing B5. prefer + to do A rather than do B6. would rather (not) do sth.7. would rather do A than (do) B8. would rather + 句子（过去式）句子（过去式） （虚拟语气）（虚拟语气） 要做要做Use your head!1. My wife said in her letter t

15、hat she would appreciate _ from you sometime. A. to have heard B. to hear C. for hearing D. hearing2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to be studying C. to study D. to have been studying3. In Australia he made a lot of friends _a very practi

16、cal knowledge of English. A. get B. getting C. to get D. got4. They are considering _ before the prices go up. A. of buying the house B. with buying the house C. buying the house D. to buy the house5.Paul doesnt have to be made_ . He always works hard. A. study B. to study C. studied D. studying6. T

17、he children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard （0.47）2007卷卷97. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see8. It is sa

18、id in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it9. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep10. Its necessary to be prepared for a job inte

19、rview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having=To have1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.B.explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explain

20、ing3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.C.having been B. to have beenC. to be D. being4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave5.I found the German language hard _.B.learned B. learning C. to

21、 be learned D. to learn6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.A.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off几对易混淆的词组：几对易混淆的词组：stop to do sth. 停止去做某事停止去做某事 doing sth.停止正在做停止正在做forget to do sth.忘记去做忘记去做 doing sth.忘记已做了忘记已做了remember to do sth.记得去做记得去做 doing st

22、h.记得曾经做记得曾经做7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving, making B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _.B.school

23、to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to study9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use.A.expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.B.to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished11.-I usu

24、ally go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change?C.to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go 12._ a living, she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B. MadeC. Making D. To have made13. I would rather starve to death than _ for food.B.beg B. begging C. begged

25、D. to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.C.reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2中国人民决不会征服。中国人民决不会征服。The Chinese people refuse _3据说他已经完成了他的工作。据说他已经完成了他的工作。He is said _.4 根据报道他们已安全到达。根据报道他们已安全到达。They are reported _To love

26、and to be lovedto give in/ be conqueredto have finished/completed his workto have arrived safely5 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。I want this bike _.6 玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。Mary seemed _.7众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympic.to be repaired at once/ immediatelyto have been told about itto have been given