Unit 3 Festivals and customs 单元词汇详解-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语必修第二册.doc

1、牛津英语词汇详解 必修 第二册Unit 3 Festivals and customsWord listsSupportive sentences1. wedding /wed/ n.婚礼，结婚庆典（30）2.*ceremony /sermni/ n.典礼，仪式（30）3. decorate /dekret/ vt. & vi.装饰；点缀；粉刷，油漆（30）【原句背诵】The wedding ceremony took place in a brightly decorated hotel room.【拓展】opening/closing ceremony开幕/闭幕式decorate sthg

2、. with sthg. 用装修decoration n. 装饰，装潢；装饰物；奖章Tens of thousands of people have been rehearsing for the opening ceremony in the new stadium. 数万人一直在新体育场里为开幕式进行排练。He decorated his room with pictures of all his favourite sports figures. 他用他所喜爱的所有运动员的照片装饰自己的房间。The sitting room needs decorating. 客厅需要粉刷。【链接高考】

3、（2021浙江卷）In 1844 they bought it (37) for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their (38) marriage（marry）ceremony in 1842. 1844 年，他们以1,200美元的价格从查尔斯德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯德莱瑟在 1842 年举行了他们的婚礼。（2020全国卷I）In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces we

4、re decorated with houseplants. 在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所有室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率提高了15%。 4. formal /fml/ adj.（穿着、言语、行为等）适合正式场合的，正规的，庄重的（30）【原句背诵】There were hundreds of guests, all dressed up in formal, colourful clothes.【反义词】informal adj. 非正式的；随意的；不拘礼节的She has a very formal manner, which can seem unfriendly. 她的举止很是郑重

5、其事，有可能会显得不友好。He wrote a very formal letter of apology to Douglas. 他写了一封非常正式的道歉信给道格拉斯。【链接高考】（2014浙江卷）The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name. 瑞士人往往比较正式，彼此称呼姓氏。 （2012全国卷）For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americ

6、ans do. 例如，在公共场合和正式场合，许多日本人不像美国人那样自由地表达自己的情感。 5. tradition /trdn/ n.传统，传统的信仰（或风俗）（30）6. bride /brad/ n.新娘（30）7. eye-catching /a kt/ adj.惹人注意的，引人注目的（30）8. *sari /sri/ n.莎丽（南亚妇女裹在身上的长巾）（30）【原句背诵】According to tradition, the bride was wearing an eyecatching red silk sari.【拓展】traditional adj. 传统的；惯例的Ther

7、es a tradition in our family that we have a party on New Years Eve. 我们家有个传统，全家要聚在一起过新年除夕。Its a tradition to value education in China. 重视教育是中国的传统。The eye-catching advertisements will trap us into buying things that we actually dont need.这些引人注目的广告会让我们买一些实际上我们并不需要的东西。【链接高考】（2020新高考I卷）Whatever it is, th

8、e result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. 无论它是什么，结果都是对纯粹的中亚传统的完美而生动的描述。 （2018天津卷）Unfortunately, research shows that the traditional brainstorming methods fail to achieve that goal. 不幸的是，研究表明，传统的脑力风暴无法实现这一目标。 9. custom /kstm/ n.风俗，习俗；个人习惯；光顾（30）10. impression

9、 /mpren/ n.印象，感想；影响，效果（30）【拓展】customer n. 顾客；客户；消费者a general/an overall impression 总的整体印象to get a good/bad impression of sb/sth 对某人某事物的印象好不好an initial/a lasting impression 初次持久的印象make an impression on/upon sb.给人留下印象【误区】custom作“海关”讲时，常用复数形式(the) customs。a customs officer 海关官员It is the custom in that

10、country for women to marry young. 女子早婚是那个国家的风俗。It was his custom to approach every problem cautiously. 谨慎地处理每个问题是他的习惯。My first impression of him was favourable. 他给我的第一印象不错。His trip to India made a strong impression on him. 他的印度之行对他的触动很大。【链接高考】（2021浙江卷）If you ever get the impression that your dog can

11、 “tell” whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something. 如果你觉得你的狗可以“辨别”你看起来是满意还是生气，那你可能发现了一些东西。 （2020江苏卷）Apr1: Chinese customs began NAT (核酸检测) on inbound arrivals at all points of entry. 4月1日：中国海关开始对所有入境口岸的入境人员实行核酸检测。 （2012陕西卷）As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who wo

12、uld make the best impression on our customers. 作为一名招聘经理，我的工作是挑选能给客户留下最好印象的人。 11. bridegroom /bradrum/ n.新郎（30）12. entrance /entrns/ n.进入，出场；入口；进入权；准许加入（30）【原句背诵】One was the bridegrooms entrance on a beautiful white horse.【拓展】the entrance to/of 的入口处a college/university entrance exam 大学入学考试A high gate

13、 blocks the only entrance to the rear. 一座高大的门挡住了通往后面的唯一入口。His sudden entrance took everyone by surprise. 他的突然出场使所有人都感到意外。【链接高考】（2021全国乙卷）Romes Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. 罗马竞技场高157英尺，有80个入口，可容纳5万人。（2020全国卷I）Many stations have wheelchair access from the ca

14、r park or entrance to the station platforms. 许多车站的停车场或站台入口处都设有轮椅通道。 13. anything but决不，根本不（30）14. ordinary /dnri/ adj.普通的，平常的；平庸的（30）【原句背诵】The customs that followed were anything but ordinary.【拓展】nothing but只有；只不过；仅仅out of the ordinary 与众不同；特别；突出The hotel was anything but cheap. 这家旅馆根本不便宜。Junk foods

15、 are anything but nutritious, so students should avoid them. 垃圾食品根本没有营养，因此学生要避免吃垃圾食品。I strongly suspect that most ordinary people would agree with me. 我强烈地感到大多数普通老百姓会赞同我。I class myself as an ordinary working person. 我把自己归类为一名普通的劳动者。He is focused on nothing but winning. 他只关注胜利。【链接高考】（2020浙江卷）Rock sal

16、t is made of sodium chloride, the sane con-pound (化合物) in ordinary table salt. 岩盐是由氯化钠制成的，这是普通食盐中最常见的成分。 （2017北京卷）Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines. 不幸的是，这个计划似乎不太可能奏效：我们还没有发明出

17、一种能安全抵御普通人类的防火墙，更不用说超级智能机器了。 15. romantic /rmntk/ adj. 浪漫的；爱情的；（Romantic）浪漫主义的（30）【原句背诵】The couple joined hands and walked around a small fire four times. Then they took seven steps together by the fire, and with each step make a different promise about how they were going to support each other and

18、live together happily. It was romantic!【拓展】romance n. 传奇；浪漫史；冒险故事When were together, all he talks about is business. I wish he were more romantic. 我们在一起时，他只谈生意上的事。我希望他能更浪漫一点。When I was younger, I had romantic ideas of becoming a writer. 我年轻一些的时候幻想过要成为一名作家。Keats is one of the greatest Romantic poets.

19、 济慈是最伟大的浪漫主义诗人之一。16. flight /flat/ n.班机，航班；航程；飞行（31）【原句背诵】The summer heat hit me as soon as I got off the flight.【拓展】a domestic/an international flight 国内国际航班The flight from Beijing to Guangzhou will take four hours. 从北京到广州的航程需要四个小时。17.occasion /ken/ n.特殊场合，盛会；时刻；时机（31）【原句背诵】No wonder people from Ri

20、o take a week off for this happy occasion.【拓展】on the occasion (of) 值此之际on this occasion 这一次on that occasion 在那个时机；在那个时候；在那个场合下on one occasion adj. 有一次；曾经， 有一个时候occasional adj. 偶然的；临时的；偶尔的【误区】occasion作定语从句的先行词时，关系词常用when。I often think fondly of an occasion some years ago in New Orleans. 我经常深情地想起一些年前在

21、新奥尔良所发生的一幕。He was presented with the watch on the occasion of his retirement. 他在退休时获赠这块手表。I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel because of ill health. 我记得他因为健康不佳而被迫取消的情况绝无仅有。【链接高考】（2020江苏卷）On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walki

22、ng. 在另一种情况下，他们在开始散步前两小时吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。 （2017全国卷II）This great occasion (盛会) will be the National Theatre of Chinas first visit to the UK. 这次盛会是中国国家大剧院首次访问英国。18. in the air可感觉到；在传播中（31）【原句背诵】I could feel it alreadythe Carnival was in the air!【拓展】nose in the air鼻孔朝天；目中无人This person thinks he is better than

23、everyone else. He has his nose in the air. 这种人认为自己比任何人都好。他很自负。Theres a feeling of spring in the air today. 今天可以感到一点春天的气息。Our travel plans are still up in the air. 我们的旅行计划尚未决定。（2021全国甲卷）It was an extremely cold winters evening and freezing fog hung in the air. 那是一个极其寒冷的冬天的夜晚，空气中弥漫着冰冷的雾气。 19. merry /m

24、eri/ adj.愉快的，高兴的（31）【原句背诵】Luckily, I arrived just in timethe show was about to begin as I took my place in the merry crowd.【拓展】merrily adv. 愉快地；高兴地From the house come bursts of merry laughter. 从房子里传出阵阵欢快的笑声。Merry Christmas, everyone. 祝大家圣诞快乐。20. band /bnd/ n.乐队，乐团；一伙，一帮；带，箍（31）21. costume /kstjum/ n

25、.戏装，装扮用服装（31）【原句背诵】I could see a group of around 20 Brazilian dancers and a band in fancy costumes standing in the street.22. *samba /smb/ n.桑巴舞，桑巴舞曲23. *twist /twst/ vi. & vt.扭转，转动；使弯曲；曲折 n.转动；转折；曲折处24. clap /klp/ vi. & vt.鼓掌，拍手 n.鼓掌，拍手【原句背诵】The band started playing an energetic samba beat, the dan

26、cers twisted and turned, and the crowd began to cheer, clap and sing.The audience cheered and clapped. 观众又是喝彩又是鼓掌。 Everyone clapped us when we went up to get our prize. 我们上前领奖时，大家都为我们鼓掌。She clapped her hands in delight. 她高兴地拍起手来。25. march /mt/ vi.齐步走，前进；流行示威 n.流行示威；行进【原句背诵】The whole group started ma

27、rching down the street.Soldiers were marching up and down outside the government buildings. 士兵在政府大楼外面来回练习队列行进。They marched 20 miles to reach the capital. 他们行进了20英里才到达首都。The army began their long march to the coast. 部队开始了他们开往沿海地区的长途行军。26. current /krnt/ n.水流，潮流；电流；思潮 adj.当前的；通用的（31）【原句背诵】The Carnival

28、 current carried us through the evergrowing sea of people, dancing all the way.【拓展】currently adv. 当前；目前；最近Under normal conditions, the ocean currents of the tropical Pacific travel from east to west. 在正常情况下，太平洋热带洋流自东流向西。The current situation is very different to that in 1990. 当前的形势与1990年大不相同。【链接高考】（

29、2018天津卷）Convergence happens when the various proposed solutions are evaluated and reduced to a smaller set of candidate solutions to the current problem.（2016江苏卷）using technology to provide students with current information利用科技为学生提供最新信息 27. beer /b(r)/ n.啤酒（31）28. roast /rst/ vt. & vi.烘，烤，焙（肉等）（31）【

30、原句背诵】Iceboxes of soft drinks and beer lined the narrow streets, and the smell of roasted meat filled the air as we passed wave after wave of street stands.Shall we have a beer? 我们来杯啤酒吧？I personally would rather roast a chicken whole. 我个人更愿意烤整鸡。29. be caught up in被卷入，陷入（31）【原句背诵】I was so caught up in

31、 the party fever that I hardly noticed five hours fly by!30. annual /njul/ adj.每年的，年度的；一年的（33）【原句背诵】La Tomatina is an annual tomato fight festival celebrated in the small town of Bunol in Eastern Spain, where it has been a(n) tradition since the 1940s. 【拓展】an annual meeting/event/report 年会；一年一度的大事；年

32、度报告annual rainfall 年降雨量annually adv. 每年；一年一次The issues will be voted on at the companys annual meeting on April 21 in Wilmington. 这些问题将在该公司4月21日在威尔明顿的年会上投票表决。The Baoshan Steel Plant produces 100,000 tons of refined copper annually. 宝山钢铁厂一年生产10万吨精炼铜。【链接高考】（2021全国甲卷）Take a view is a desirable annual c

33、ompetition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond. 对来自英国各地和世界各地的摄影师来说，“Take a view”是一项令人向往的年度比赛。 （2021新高考I卷）Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. 根据这项法案，所有16岁及以上的水禽猎人必须每年购买并携带联邦鸭票。 31. engine /endn/ n.发动机

34、，引擎（33）32. fire engine消防车（33）【原句背诵】No wonder the fire engines are needed to wash the streets after the fightthe town looks like it has been (7) decorated with red paint!33. acid /sd/ n.酸 adj.酸性的；酸味的（33）【原句背诵】Luckily, the acid in the tomato helps make everything really clean.34. stuff /stf/ n.东西，物品；活

35、儿，话 vt.填满，装满；把塞进35. vehicle /vikl/ n.交通工具，车辆；手段，工具【原句背诵】Keep your stuff close and stay away from vehicles.The chairs were covered in some sort of plastic stuff. 椅子都包了一种塑料膜。Are you the driver of this vehicle? 你是这辆汽车的驾驶员吗？The play is an ideal vehicle for her talents. 这部戏是她施展才华的理想机会。36. earn /n/ vt. &

36、vi.赚得；获利；赢得【原句背诵】If she was to buy a nice gift for her husband Jim, she would need more money. But how could she earn some?【拓展】earn/make a living谋生；维持生活earn ones respect赢得某人的尊重earn a reputation as/for因获得荣誉She earned a living as a part-time secretary. 她靠做兼职秘书为生。His victory in the tournament earned hi

37、m $50 000. 他在这次锦标赛中获胜，挣得了5万元。As a teacher, she had earned the respect of her students. 作为教师，她赢得了学生的尊敬。Companies must earn a reputation for honesty. 公司必须赢得诚信。【链接高考】（2021新高考I卷）This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work. 这种工作能让你珍惜自己挣来的钱，

38、并尊重那些为你工作的人。 （2021浙江卷）The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career (职业) in acting. 对他叔叔的崇拜和尊敬激励了尼尔森以表演为职业。 37. mirror /mr(r)/ n.镜子38. apartment /ptmnt/ n.公寓套房【原句背诵】Della stood in front of the mirror in her apartment. She looked at her reflection, brushed her long, br

39、own hair, and made up her mind: she was going to sell her hair.【熟词生义】mirror作动词时，意思是“反映；反射；镜像”。The music of the time mirrored the feeling of optimism in the country. 这个时期的音乐反映出这个国家的乐观精神。Despite the fact that I have tried to be objective, the book inevitably mirrors my own interests and experiences. 尽

40、管我曾努力做到客观，但这本书还是不可避免地反映出了我自己的兴趣和经历。【链接高考】（2021全国甲卷）Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. 在你的房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们在试穿衣物时就能看到它们的样子。 39. hunt /hnt/ vi. & vt.寻找，搜寻；打猎，猎杀；追捕【原句背诵】She spent the next two hours hunting for Jims gift. 【拓展】hunt for搜寻；寻找hunter n

41、. 猎人；搜寻着；猎犬Whales are still being hunted and killed in the Arctic. 北冰洋的鲸类仍然遭到猎杀。Ive hunted everywhere but I cant find it. 我到处都搜遍了，就是找不到它。She is still hunting for a new job. 她还在找新工作。【链接高考】（2021新高考I卷）Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources. 猎人愿意支付邮票的价格，以确保

42、自然资源的生存。 （2011湖北卷）As animals, wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling which was an important means of communication with each other. 作为动物，狼善于群猎，依靠嚎叫作为彼此交流的重要手段。 40. chain /ten/ n.链子，链条；一系列；连锁店 vt.用锁链拴住41. pass down使世代相传，流传【原句背诵】She found it at last: a simple but beautiful watch chain for hi

43、s gold watch, which had been passed down to him from his grandfather.【拓展】a chain of一连串的；一系列的a chain of supermarkets/a supermarket chain 连锁超市She wore a heavy gold chain around her neck. 她戴着一条粗实的金项链。The whole food chain is affected by the overuse of chemicals in agriculture. 整个食物链因农业中过度使用化学药品而受到影响。Hum

44、ans pass down their skills and knowledge to the next generations through education. 通过教育，人类把这些技术和知识代代相传。42. income /nkm; nkm/ n.收入，收益43. per /p(r); p(r)/ prep.每，每一【原句背诵】With an income of twenty dollars per week, life was hard for the couple, but Jim wanted to buy a perfect gift for Della. 【拓展】people

45、 on high/low incomes 高低收入的人a rise in national income 国民收入的增长Tourism is a major source of income for the area. 旅游业是这个地区的主要收入来源。Many families on low incomes will be unable to afford to buy their own home. 许多低收入家庭根本无力购买房子。44. *comb /km/ n.梳子；梳理（头发） vt.梳，梳理；搜寻【原句背诵】He thought of the beautiful set of com

46、bs on show in one of the shop windows on Broadway. Della had wanted those combs for so long. 【拓展】comb (through) sthg, for sb./sthg. 仔细搜索；搜寻Salvatore combed his hair carefully. 萨尔瓦多仔细地梳理了他的头发。I combed the shops looking for something to wear. 我跑遍商店寻找可穿的东西。Officers combed the woods for the murder weapo

47、n. 警察彻底搜查了那片树林，寻找杀人凶器。45. package /pkd/ n.包，盒；包裹；一套，一揽子 vt.将包装好；包装【原句背诵】That afternoon, Jim sold the watch, went to the shop for the combs and returned home with a package in his pocket.Check the list of ingredients on the side of the package. 请检查包装盒侧面的成分清单。We package our products in recyclable materials. 我们用可回收的材料包装我们的产品。【链接高考】（2017天津卷）Properly preparing packaged noodle soup required a Forced Wait. 正确准备袋装面汤需要被迫等待。（2016天津卷）Our programme offers the full package