Unit 4 词汇、语法、课文拓展填空、写作-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语高一必修第二册.docx

1、2021-2022年高一上学期牛津英语必修2单元4套题(词汇、语法、课文拓展填空、写作)一.词汇识记devote oneself to. 致力于.，献身于.，专心于.(=be devoted to.)She devoted herself to looking after sick children in her community.Devoted to the experiment, he spent most of his time in the lab.Being devoted to teaching kids English made him have little time to

2、do his own things. earnest adj. 非常认真的，真诚的，诚实的Im sure he was earnest when he said he would come.He is a good, earnest, diligent student.Despiteearnestefforts, they are still struggling to win support.His expression is asearnestwhen he smiles as when he is arguing.butterfly n. 蝴蝶，蝶泳，水性杨花的女人have butter

3、flies in ones stomach 心里七上八下，很紧张break a butterfly on the wheel 小题大作A butterfly is flying up and down among the flowers.literature n. 文学，文献，文学作品，著作Im studying EnglishLiterature.Chaucer brought a new stylistic magnificence to Middle Englishliterature.shell n. 贝壳，海贝壳，壳hard-shell candies 硬皮糖果All that re

4、mained of the building after the fire was an empty shell.There is an ornament made of shells on the wall.in store (for sb) 即将发生(在某人身上)，等待着(某人)There are better days in store for you.The future has many great achievements in store for china.appeal vi. 有吸引力，呼吁，申诉 n. 有吸引力，呼吁，申诉court of appeal 上诉法院appeal

5、 to sb 吸引某人appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事His appeal to a higher court was set aside.Jazz hasnt much appeal to me.The police appealed to the crowd not to panic.The community is appealing to everyone to save water.The sinking ship appealed to the rescue team for help.determine vt. 确定，支配，决心 vi. 决心We mu

6、st determine what to do next.So, how do you determine where to invest?Two pointsdeterminea line.Genesdeterminethe characteristics of every living thing.significant adj. 有重要意义的，重要的，显著的 (significance n. 有重要意义，重要)She gave him asignificantlook.The question under discussion is significant.Economic condit

7、ions are significant in many ways.significant, important, vital这组词都可表示“重要的”。significant指某事特别有意义，尤其突出、为人所记忆或长远看很有贡献，但不一定有紧迫的或强有力的含意； important既可指某事意味深长，也可指有价值；vital指对整体的安宁或成功能起到重大的、不可缺少的作用。description n. 描述，形容，说明，介绍 (describe vt. 描述，形容，说明)brief description 简介，简要说明，产品简介Thedescriptionwas pretty vague.H

8、e gave a briefdescriptionof the man.explanation，definition，description，exposition，interpretation 这些名词都含有“解释”或“说明”之意。explanation 普通用词，指使人明白未知或不清楚的事。definition 主要指对某一词、短语或专门术语的含义作解释、下定义。description 指对某一事物的重要方面进行详细叙述，常含教育与启迪意味。exposition 通常指对论点、假设、理论等的重点作详尽的阐述。interpretation 多指对文字上较难的段落，或难于理解、令人迷惑的问题作出

9、解释或说明。sensitive adj. 感觉敏锐的，体贴的，敏感的，灵敏的，过敏的be sensitive to. 对敏感Environmentally, its a verysensitivearea.Shes got very sensitive hearing, skin, etc.Dont be so sensitive and I was not criticizing you.I have a helpful and sensitive friend. 比较：senseable 能感觉到的 sensitive 敏感的 sensible 明智的，合情合理的soul n. 灵魂，心性

10、，内心heart and soul 完全地，全心全意地Creativity is the soul of a nation.The eye is the window of the soul.Knowledge is the food of the soul.reflect vt. & vi. 反映，显示，映出(影像)，反射(声，光，热等)，沉思，思考reflect on 思考，反省The reports do not accuratelyreflectthe banks position.The glass appears toreflectlight naturally.It is int

11、eresting toreflectwhy European colonialism ended.I often reflect on the beauty and complexity of life.capable adj. 有能力的，有才能的，能力强的be capable of. 有.能力的The republic lacked firm,capableleadership.This event raises doubts as to whether they arecapable.Shes a verycapablespeaker.He is regarded as verycapab

12、lebut unexciting.launch vt. 使(船)下水，开始从事，发动，发射Teachers, artists, and other intellectuals urged political parties tolauncha united movement against the government.This morningslaunchof the space shuttle Columbia has been delayed.Marks & Spencer recently hired model Linda Evangelista tolaunchits new ra

13、nge.The company researched the market demand and decided to launch their new product.The oil tanker was launched last year.We have got good media coverage for the launch of the new model.permanence n. 永久，持久性，永恒性 (permanent adj. 持久的，永恒的)We shouldnt cheapen the concept ofpermanenceof marriage.Nophysic

14、alpermanence,butonlyan idealone, isnecessary.EventhepermanenceofAmericassuccessinIraqisfar fromguaranteed.contain vt. 包含，容纳，含有，控制，抑制Dehydrated meals, soups, and saucescontaina lot of salt.(脱水后的饭菜、汤和调味料中含有很多盐分。)He couldntcontainhis emotions.Does each cup contain the same amount of milk?Try to contain

15、 your anger!She couldnt contain herself for joy.element n. 要素，基本部分，元素Justice is an important element of good government.Honesty, industry and kindness are elements of a good life.Water is composed of the elements hydrogen and oxygen.universal adj. 普遍的，共同的，普遍存在的，万物的，全世界的，一般的universal gravitation 万有引力

16、The shortage of good managers had become auniversalphenomenon.The desire to look attractive isuniversal.Overpopulation is a universal problem.Americans strongly favour the introduction of universal health care.summary n. 摘要，概要，大略，概括in summary 总的来说，总而言之Here is asummaryof the plot.Luckily it was one o

17、f those academic texts which carriedsummarypages at the end of each chapter.Please write me a summary of this report.Insummary,Ithink itsveryimportanttopay attention to our surroundingenvironment.feature n. 特色，特征 vt. 以.为特征，是.的特征hardware feature 硬件特性Classroom discussions are an essentialfeature.Windm

18、ills are a characteristicfeatureof the Mallorcan landscape.This restaurant seems to feature vegetarian dishes.This restaurant features excellent cooking.author n. 作者，作家，创始者，著述家 （反义词：reader）Shes a famousauthor.Haruki Murakami(村上春树) is Japans best-selling author.therefore adv. 因此，所以He was the only can

19、didate; therefore he was elected.We do not have enough money. Therefore we can not afford to buy the new car.I was ill, and therefore I could not come.He was very tired, and therefore he didnt give the market report.issue n. 重要议题，争论的问题，问题，担忧，(报刊)的一期 vt. 宣布，公布，发出，颁布Youre just avoiding the issue.The u

20、nion plans to raise the issue of overtime.Money is not an issue here. Im talking about trust.The current issue of the periodical is not available now.(这本期刊的最新一期现在没有。)November issue has been published!New members will be issued with a temporary identity card.Banknotes of this design were first issued

21、 10 years ago.novel n. (长篇)小说 adj. 新颖的，新奇的，与众不同的Thenovelhas been translated into French.I like reading novels in my spare time.Its a novel experience.draw on 凭借，利用Dont write ordraw onthe wall.You candraw onthis account by cheque in payment of goods.Drawing on his own experiences, Cao Xueqin gives a

22、detailed description of what life was like at that time.upper adj. 上部的，上面的 n. 鞋帮，兴奋剂(反义词：downer 镇静剂)uppermiddle classes 中上层阶级The upper valley is also noted for its valuable woodland and birds.Is methaqualone(甲喹酮) anupperor downer?Temperatures were in the upper thirties. (温度接近四十度。)gap n. 差距，间歇，缺口，裂口c

23、lose/narrow the gap 缩小差距generation gap 代沟I went around the world in mygapyear.There is a credibilitygapdeveloping between employers and employees.He has a gap between his two front teeth.They planned to narrow the gap between imports and exports.Reducing the gap between rich and poor is one of the m

24、ain challenges facing the government.context n. (事情发生的)背景，环境，来龙去脉，上下文，语境It is usually easier to pick out the meaning of a phrase in a given context.In the context of the present economic crisis it seems unwise to lower taxes.This speech needs to be set in the context of Britain in the 1960s.specific

25、 adj. 特定的，明确的，具体的Id like to know if there would be any future opportunities forspecifictraining.He gave us very specific instructions.This tells you that there is a specific distinction between the right and the wrong.ought to=should modal v. 应该，应当You ought to have a haircut.She failed one of the ex

26、am papers, but we ought to make allowance for the fact that she was ill.China ought to make a greater contribution to humanity.particular adj. 特别的，格外的，特指的，挑剔的in particular 特别，尤其be particular about. 对.挑剔，对.讲究Thatparticularexpression is no longer current.I have nothing particular to do this evening.Cl

27、ouds must be given a particular attention.Shes very particular about what she wears.topic n. 话题，题目，标题Abortion has long been a no-go(行不通)topicfor local politicians.This essay is so short that it can only scratch the surface of the topic.They discussed the weather and other topics.collection n. (同类)收藏

28、品，作品集，募捐，收集，收藏make a collection of. 收藏.Thiscollectionof essays is edited by Ellen Knight.There are two collections a day from this letter box.Is the collection going to be divided up or sold as a whole?The firm contributed 10000 to the collection.section n. 部分，部门，部件，散件，区域，科，股，断面An all-female politic

29、alsectionwould have been operationally ineffective.White lines divide the playing area into sections.I hope someone competent will join our section.The report has a section on accidents at work.She lives near the business section.The architect drew the house in section.mean adj. 吝啬的，小气的，不善良的，刻薄的 vt.

30、 表示是.意思，意味着，想要 means n. 方法，手段(单复数同形)by means of. 用.，凭借.by no means 绝不by all means 当然What do youmean?I didntmeanto startle you.I mean to call on him tomorrow.Spending too much now will mean a shortage of cash next year.Dont be so mean to your little brother!That was a mean trick!Her husband is very m

31、ean about money.I am by nomeansan unsociable person.Thoughts are expressed by means of words.He succeeded by means of perseverance.transport vt. 运输，运送 n. 交通运输系统，交通车辆，运输The goods have been cased up for transport.The transport of goods by air is very expensive.A helicopter was used to transport the wo

32、unded.Wheat is transported from the farms to the mills.Flies transport different kinds of diseases.turkey n. 火鸡，火鸡肉 Turkey n. 土耳其Its a proper Christmas dinner, withturkeyand bread sauce.She has journeyed on horseback through Africa andTurkey.generosity n. 慷慨，大方， 慷慨大方，宽宏大量 (generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的，宽宏大量

33、的)She is well known for hergenerosity.His generosity is merely a form of self-interest.His boundless generosity moved us deeply.chapter n. 章节，篇章Onechapteris headed Beating Cancer.This method is described more fully in the nextchapter.poetry n. (不可数)诗歌，诗集，诗意He writespoetry.Poetry helps to interpret l

34、ife.Professor Lee will give us a lecture on poetry.stage n. 舞台，阶段，步骤 vt. 上演，举办She stood alone on the enormous stage.He quitted the stage of politics.Novels are often adapted for the stage.The disease is still in its primary stage.She did the first stage of the trip by train.They decided to stage a g

35、eneral strike.After five years in retirement, he staged a comeback to international tennis.autobiography n. 自传，自传的写作，传记文学Yesterday she was incommunicado, putting the finishing touches to herautobiography.(昨天她闭门谢客，为自传做最后的润色。)This book clearly falls into the category of fictionalisedautobiography.He p

36、ublished hisautobiographylast autumn.biography n. 传记，传记作品，传记文学，兴亡史 vt. 为.写传记Im reading abiography?She has written abiographyof Jane Austen.He likes to read biographies of great men to promote himself.extremely adv. 非常，极其，极端 (extreme adj. 非常，极其，极端)Hes anextremelyable musician.Im extremely sorry.It pa

37、ins me extremely to have to leave you.destroy vt. 摧毁，毁灭，彻底破坏If the tree falls that way, it will destroy the house.He had to destroy the injured animal.An atom bomb would destroy a city.以下动词均有“破坏，损坏”之意，注意区别：break普通用词，指某物因被打破或撕破而受到破坏，可指有形或无形的破坏。destroy多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，含导致无用，不能或很难再修复的意味。ruin多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或

38、毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性。wreck侧重指船只、车辆、房屋等受到严重破坏或完全毁坏，也可指计划、健康受到损害。damage多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。spoil强调不仅会削弱力量、精力或价值，而且会导致不可避免的毁灭。exterminate指大量地、成批地杀害、消灭。extinguish原义指灭火，转义后暗示生命、希望等像火一样地消灭、熄灭。defeat vt. 击败，战胜 n. 失败，战败，击败an honourabledefeat 虽败犹荣He was depressed by his defeat.This defeat was a powerful blow t

39、o the enemy.It was a sound strategy to defeat the enemy.I believe nothing can defeat you.The test completely defeated me.attempt vt. & n. 努力，尝试，试图，企图 (attempted adj. 意图的，未遂的，尝试的)I would be the last to attempt to answer the question.The enemy failed in their attempt to land on the island.He studied h

40、ard in an attempt to pass the exam.He deniesattemptedmurder and kidnap.straighten vt. 挺直，变正，整顿，整理，(使)变直 vi. 变直，改过自新Exercise helped to straighten the injured arm.A burst of laughter made him straighten himself and look round.In order to straighten things out, we must have strict standards.strain n. 用

41、劲，使力，压力，拉力，重负，血统The rope finally broke under the strain.All her senses were on the strain when the test was going on.A sudden and severe strain was placed upon us by the cutting off of these supplies.The Germany strain in him makes him like philosophy.alongside adv. 在.旁边，与.在一起，与.并排 prep. 在.旁边，与.在一起，

42、与.并排The police car pulled up alongside.The car drew up alongside the road.He satalongsideme.He walkedalongsidethe river.accomplish vt. 完成，做成，(使)完全，(使)完美I have accomplished a great deal in the last few months.The prediction was literally accomplished.The role of a judge is to accomplish fairness.acco

43、mplish表示通过努力，成功地做了某事或者完成了某事，可以翻译成完成、达成。complete指完成、结束，一般指经过一段时间才完成或结束，而且常用被动语态。end可以作为名词，也可以作为动词，表示结果、结束，一般指状态、活动、过程、项目、时间、战争等的结束。finish作为结束、完成的意思，应该是最常用的，既可以指完成了某事，也可以跟end的意思一样，表示活动、过程、时间等的结束。noble adj. 贵族的，高贵的，崇高的，宏伟的 n. 贵族，出生高贵的人(副词:nobly 比较级:nobler 最高级:noblest 名词:nobleness)These few words fully

44、revealed her noble quality.The noble peaks tower into the clouds.His noble example inspired the rest of us to greater efforts.It was said that he was from a noble family.confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的，不清楚的，混乱的The question is so hard, and were getting confused.All your changes of plan have made me totally con

45、fused.You should straighten out your confused thinking.He gave a confused account of what happened.clear up 清理，使整洁，(头脑)清醒，(天气)放晴Its very likely to clear up by and by.Let me clear up the broken glass before someone walks on it.比较：clear up 整理，消除，澄清，放晴。多用于清空：如清空电脑文件，或者指天空放晴。clean up 彻底打扫，清理干净，(尤指在干脏活儿后

46、)收拾干净，用于实物的打扫。be on the point of doing sth 正要做某事，即将做某事As we were on the point of givinguphope, he gave us a hand.be on the point of doing sth. when. 是固定句型,表示“正要/即将做某事忽然”She was on the point of going out when the telephone rang. weave vi. & vt. 迂回行进，穿行，织，编(制)，设计，纺织Young mothersweavewhile babies doze in their laps.She can tell you how to weave reeds into a beautiful basket.The driver was weaving his way through the traffic.mushy adj. 糊状的，柔而稠的，浓