Unit 4 Exploring literature Grammar and usage ppt课件-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语必修第二册.pptx

1、Section BGrammar and usage1. in particular be particular about/over.对挑剔/讲究particularly adv.特别，尤其（相当于in particular，但两者在句中的位置不同）练习：For those who love travel, _ (particular) rail travel, China is a cant-miss place.particularly2. collection have a collection of (=collect) 收集；收藏collector n.收藏家，收集者collect

2、 vt.收集；收藏collective adj.集体的；共同的；总体的练习：We all bear _ responsibility for this decision.pouredRead and fill the mind map. Develop your own taste.Ask friends, parents and teachers to recommend books.Read book reviews in newspapers, in magazines or online.Look for books on topics that interest you.Sugges

3、tionWhat shall I read?. you can get ideas from different sources .You could also read book reviews in newspapers, in magazines or online.AbilityTeachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily.A book review can often

4、 tell you whether a book is worth reading or not.Necessity what books you ought to read.However, you must also decide for yourself what kind of books to read.You do not have to read a book just because everyone recommends it.PossibilityYou might have asked yourself this question more than once.These

5、 ideas should point you in the right direction. you may find yourself better able to seek out books to your taste （1）表示能力，意为“能，会”。Can you lift this heavy box？你能举起这个重箱子吗？（2）表示可能性，用于表示把握比较大的推测，常用于疑问句和否定句中，cant/couldnt表示“不可能”。That cant be Mary, for she is in hospital. 那不可能是玛丽，因为她在住院。（3）表示请求和许可（could用来表

6、示请求时，是委婉的说法，回答时一般用can）。Could you please do me a favor? 你能帮我个忙吗？（4）用于肯定的陈述句中，表示理论上的可能性，意为“有时会，（有时）可能会”。She can be very careless sometimes. 她有时会很粗心。（1）may 和 might 在肯定句中表示允许，意为“可以”。在疑问句中用于征求许可，意为“可以吗”。You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两个星期。May I go fishing with you tomorrow? 我明天可以和你去钓鱼吗？（2）表示推

7、测，意为“可能，或许”。She may be at home today. 她今天可能在家。（3）may用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。May you be happy forever! 祝你永远快乐！（1）shall表示征求对方的意见或向对方请示，用于主语是第一或第三人称的疑问句中。Shall I give you the book tomorrow? 我明天给你这本书，可以吗？Shall she go now? 她现在可以走了吗？表示说话人的命令、警告、许诺或威胁等，用于主语是第二或第三人称的陈述句中。You shall do as I tell you. 你要按照我说的做。He shall be

8、 punished. 他会受到惩罚的。用在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，一般用于第三人称且用于陈述句中，意为“应该，必须”。No person shall carry a mobile phone into the examination room during the College Entrance Examination. 在高考时任何人都不能将手机带进考场。（2）should/ought to表示责任与义务，意为应该，应当；ought to语气更强。表示说话人根据一定的情况作出推测，意为“应该会，可能”。should表示惊讶、意外或不应该发生的事，意为“竟然”。should在

9、条件状语从句中，表示“假如，万一”。（1）表示请求，would比will语气委婉。Would you please let me have a look? 请让我看一看，好吗？（2）表示习惯或倾向等。will用于表示一般的习惯；would用于描述过去的习惯或例行的活动，意为“总是，总会”。Jealousy will spoil friendship. 忌妒会破坏友谊。He would come to help us when he was free.他有空时，总来帮助我们。（3）表示意愿、意图或决心，可用于各种人称。will意为“要，愿”；would用于过去时中，意为“愿意”。I will n

10、ever do that again. 我再也不做那样的事了。She asked if I would go with them. 她问我是否愿意同他们一起去。（1）表示义务、命令等，意为“必须”，更强调说话人的主观态度。其否定形式为mustnt，意为“不许，禁止”；对以must开头的一般疑问句进行否定回答时，应用 dont have to/neednt（不必，没必要）。You must finish your homework this afternoon.今天下午你必须完成你的家庭作业。You mustnt smoke here. 你不许在这儿吸烟。-Must I tell him in

11、advance? 我必须事先告诉他吗？-No, you dont have to/neednt. 不，没必要。（2）表示肯定的推测，意为“一定”。只用于肯定句中。She must be very tired after such a long walk.走了这么长的路，她一定很累了。（3）意为“偏偏，偏要”，表示与说话人的愿望相反或不耐烦。Must you make so much noise? 你偏要弄出这么多的噪声吗？（4）表示客观需要，意为“不得不，必须”，强调客观上的必要性。You have to be back before 10 oclock because the train i

12、s to leave at 10:15.你必须在10：00之前回来，因为火车将在10：15离开。dare作情态动词常用于疑问句、否定句及条件句中，表示“敢于，胆敢”，没有人称变化，但有过去式。He darent speak English in public. 他不敢在公共场合说英语。She dare not say what she thinks. 她不敢把她的想法说出来。 They hardly dared breathe as somebody walked past the door! 有人在门前走过时，他们几乎不敢呼吸了！注意：dare也可作实义动词，其用法如下：（1）作实义动词时，

13、有人称、时态和数的变化；（2）在肯定句中，其后常接带to的不定式；（3）在否定句和疑问句中，既可接带to的不定式，也可接不带to的不定式；（4）构成否定句和疑问句时，要借助do，does，did等助动词。He dares to challenge all kinds of difficulties. 他敢于挑战各种困难。He doesnt dare (to) go there alone. 他不敢自己去那里。（1）need用作情态动词多用在疑问句和否定句中，也可用于肯定句中，表示“需要”，没有时态和人称的变化。If she wants anything, she need only ask.

14、如果想要什么东西，她只要开一下口就行了。This is free service; you neednt pay for it. 这是免费服务，你不必为此付钱。（2）对need引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时要用must，作否定回答时要用neednt或dont have to。Need I hand in the application now? 我需要现在交申请表吗？Yes, you must./No, you dont have to.是的，你必须（现在交）。/不，你不必（现在交）。used to表示“过去常常”，没有人称和数的变化，仅用于过去时中，表示过去习惯或过去某一时期的状况，但现在已不

15、再这样了。She doesnt get up early as she used to. 她不像以前起得那么早了。There used to be a school here. 从前这里有一所学校。（1）进行式（情态动词+be doing）情态动词与主动词的进行式合用，表示某动作正在进行Jack may be reading in the library. 杰克也许正在图书馆看书。（2）完成式（情态动词+have done）情态动词与主动词的完成式合用，表示过去发生的动作Tom must have arrived home by now.现在汤姆肯定已经到家了。You cant have se

16、en Henry yesterday because he was in London.你昨天不可能见到亨利，因为他在伦敦。（3）被动式（情态动词+be done）情态动词可以与主动词的被动式合用，表示被动The road may be blocked. 公路也许被堵了。1. Returning to a book youve read many times _ feel like drinks with an old friend.2. Students _ have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which

17、college to attend.3. When rescued from the latest coma, the old man told the doctor his last wish, I have deep sympathy(同情) for the girl. _ you be kind enough to help her finish her studies?4. A large cat arrived at a farm where many mice lived. None of them _ go outside for fear of being eaten by t

18、he cat.canshould/ought toWill/Woulddared5. My father _ smoke, but he gave up a couple of years ago.6. Its very late now. Must we finish this task today?No, you _.7. I have a big family with four generations living under one roof, which _ be a completely new lifestyle for you.8. Do we have to finish this today? Yes, you _.used toneednt/dont have tomight/may/couldmust