1、 To explore the rulesTo apply the rulesTo work out the rules01020301To explore the rulesRead the short life story of Joseph Pulitzer and find the sentences that use the past perfect tense. The first one has been done for you.To explore the rulesRead the short life story of Joseph Pulitzer and find t
2、he sentences that use the past perfect tense. The first one has been done for you.To explore the rulesby then he had learnt very little English. by the age of 25, he had become a publisher.He used the same business strategy he had employed at the St Louis Post-DispatchWe often use the past perfect t
3、ense to talk about something that happened (1) _ (before/after) a past action or state.The verb form of the past perfect tense is “(2)_ (have/had) done”.beforehadTo explore the rulesWe often use the past perfect tense to talk about something that happened before a past action or state.PresentFutureP
4、astSimple past tense(did)?Past perfect tense had done02To work out the rules1.1.常用的时间状语：常用的时间状语：beforebefore，by thenby then，by that timeby that time，by the by the end ofend of，by the timeby the time从句如：从句如：By the end of the holiday I had spent all my money.By the end of the holiday I had spent all m
5、y money.He had learnt English for ten years when he graduated He had learnt English for ten years when he graduated from high school. from high school. 2. hardlywhen; no soonerthan2. hardlywhen; no soonerthan等结构，表示等结构，表示“一一就就”。We had hardly sat down to supper when the phone rang.We had hardly sat do
6、wn to supper when the phone rang.No sooner had we sat down at the table than the phone No sooner had we sat down at the table than the phone rang.rang.To work out the rules3. 3. 常用于以下固定句型：常用于以下固定句型：It / This / That was the first / second / . time + It / This / That was the first / second / . time +
7、thatthat从句，从句中谓语动词常用过去完成时；从句，从句中谓语动词常用过去完成时；It was + It was + 一段时间一段时间 + since + since从句，从句中谓语动词常用过去从句，从句中谓语动词常用过去完成时，如：完成时，如：That was the first time I had stepped onto an That was the first time I had stepped onto an international stage. t It was three weeks since Heidi international stage. t It wa
8、s three weeks since Heidi had paid her last visit to the grandmother,had paid her last visit to the grandmother,To work out the rules4. 4. 过去完成时有时用来表示没有实现的愿望，主要用于过去完成时有时用来表示没有实现的愿望，主要用于want, want, hope, intendhope, intend等词。如：等词。如：I had intended to help you, but I was too busy then.I had intended to
9、 help you, but I was too busy then.5. 5. 如果时间状语由如果时间状语由beforebefore引导，主句可用一般过去时代替过去引导，主句可用一般过去时代替过去完成时；如果时间状语由完成时；如果时间状语由afterafter引导，引导，afterafter引导的从句可用一引导的从句可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。如：般过去时代替过去完成时。如：The boy (had) slept before his dad came home.The boy (had) slept before his dad came home.He finished his rep
10、ort immediately after he (had) did He finished his report immediately after he (had) did the experience.the experience.To work out the rules“What do you want to be?” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I _ the president, ” said the boy, with a smile. A. have been B. am C. was D. will beTo work out the rulesDS
11、hakespeares play Hamlet _ into at least ten different films over the past years. A. had been made B. was madeC. has been made D. would be madeCIt was the third time that Tom _ cheating in the math exams. A. have been caught B. had caught C. was caught D. had been caughtTo work out the rulesDExperime
12、nts of this kind _ in both the U. S. and Europe well before the Second World War. A. have conducted B. have been conductedC. had conducted D. had been conductedDOn hearing the news that her lost daughter _ the excited mother burst into tears. A. were found B. has been foundC. would be found D. had b
13、een foundTo work out the rulesBGeorge and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to the wedding?No, I _. Did they have a big wedding?A. was not invited B. have not been invitedC. hadnt been invitedD. didnt inviteCWhen she was at the middle school, she often reads in the library.He said he didnt see
14、his uncle for many years.By the end of last term we learned about 1,500 English words.Lu Xun had spoken to the youth about the study of the foreign language.Yang Mei learned some English before she came to this school. To work out the rulesreadhadnt seenhadspokehadTo work out the rulesTell the diffe
15、renceWhen she was at the middle school, she often reads in the library.一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，常与具体的过去时间状语连用(如：ago，yesterday，last week，in 1989，when 引导的过去时间状语从句等)。Yang Mei had learned some English before she came to this school. 过去完成时表示的动作或状态发生在一般过去时表示的动作或状态之前，因此它表示的是“过去的过去”。03To apply the rules“Have
16、you seen the film？” he asked me. He asked me _. A. had I seen the filmB. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the filmTo apply the rulesD“Please close the window. ” he said to me. He _ me _ the window. A. said to； to closeB. told to； closingC. asked； to closeD. said t
17、o； please closeCTo apply the rulesDirect speech: 直接引述别人的原话，放于引号内Indirect speech： 用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的话不放于引号内02一般疑问句一般疑问句whether 或if 引导的宾语从句04祈使句祈使句ask/tell/order sb to do sth01陈述句陈述句that引导的宾语从句03疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句To apply the rules 直接引语To apply the rules直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时一般过去式一般过去式一般过去时一
18、般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时过去进行时过去进行时To apply the rulesIt happened early on a Friday morning. Tina, a sixteen-year-old girl, 1 _(come) to school as usual. But when she entered the classroom, she 2_(find) her teacher on the
19、floor, unconscious. Tina quickly noticed that her teacher was wearing a bracelet which said she had diabetes. Tina phoned the emergency services and told them what she 3_ (see). A doctor from the Ambulance Service 4 _(tell) Tina that he 5_(send) an ambulance, but in the meantime she should look for
20、a needle with insulin in the teachers bag. camefoundhad seentoldhad sentTo apply the rulesHaving found the needle, Tina did what the doctor 6 _(tell) her-to inject her teacher in the leg. And because she 7_(do) everything she could before the ambulance 8 _(arrive), her teacher was saved. She 9_(not tell) anyone what 10_(happen). Thanks to Tinas quick response and calmness, her teacher was fine, so that she can stand here and share with the story with you. had toldhad donearriveddidnt tellhad happenedTHE END.
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