（2020）新牛津译林版高一下学期英语必修第三册期中复习-M3U1 Extended reading language points.doc

1、 M3 U1 The Amazon rainforest : a natural disasterExtended reading-language points 1. committeeJoining us in the studio tonight are James Smiths, a local resident; Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental protection of committee.今晚加入我们的工作室

2、的还有当地居民詹姆斯史密斯；文森特布朗，当地一家工厂的高级经理；还有诺盖特环境保护委员会主席朱莉阿彻。committee n. 委员会C,singparty committee 党委central committee 中央委员会2. protestprotest vi. 反对，抗议 vt. 反对；坚持声称，申辩 n. 抗议，反对 Mr Smiths protest against heavy industry.史密斯先生反对重工业。protest against 反对，对. 提出抗议without protest 心甘情愿地；不反对地；under protest 抗议着；极不乐意地protes

3、tant adj 抗议的；持异议的protestingly adv 抗议地3. profitIrresponsible business are eager to make huge profits.不负责任的企业渴望赚取巨额利润。profit n. 利润，收益C,U；好处U vi.&vt. 获益，得到好处 profit from 得益于；利用 economic profit 经济利润；经济盈利 profitable adj 有利可图的；赚钱的；有益的 profitless adj 无益的4. DefenceIn defence of the factories, Id like to poi

4、nt out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.为了为工厂辩护，我想指出，我们也试图控制我们产生的污染量。defence n. (美:defense)辩护C；防御，保护U；防御物C,U；国防U；防守sing.,U in defence of 为了保卫.defend vt 防御；保卫 defend. from/against. 保护.免受. defend sb 为某人辩护 defend oneself 自卫 defender n 防御者C5. ProcessWe have been taking vari

5、ous measures, to reduce pollution in the production process.我们一直在采取各种措施，以减少生产过程中的污染。process n. 过程，进程C；步骤，流程Cvt. 加工，处理 in the process (of ) 在过程中 process of. .的过程6. EconomicI would like to draw your attention to the economic benefits.我想提请你注意其经济效益。economic adj. 经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的economy n 经济C；节约C,U economis

6、t n 经济学家C economically adv 经济地；在经济上；节俭地7. FormerA former official once said, “Saving our planet, lifting people out of poverty and advancing economic growth are the same fight.”一位前官员曾说过，“拯救我们的星球，让人们摆脱贫困，促进经济增长，也是同样的斗争。”former adj.昔日的,前任的;以前的,从前的 former name 曾用名 former president 前任总统反义词：latter adj 后者

7、的；后面的；较后的8. OfficialA former official once said, “Saving our planet, lifting people out of poverty and advancing economic growth are the same fight.”一位前官员曾说过，“拯救我们的星球，让人们摆脱贫困，促进经济增长，也是同样的斗争。”official n. 官员，要员C adj. 公务的；正式的，官方的 government official 政府官员 official language 官方语言 senior official 高级官员；资深官员

8、officially adv 正式地；官方地 officer n 军官；公务员；政府官员C9. consequenceconsequence n. 结果，后果C；重要性U in consequence of 由于；作为.的结果 as a consequence 因此，结果 in consequence 因此；结果 as a consequence of 因此；由于.的结果consequent adj 作为结果的；随之发生的 consequently adv 因此；结果；所以 10. FurtherTo prevent further damage to water bodies, it is

9、necessary to take some measures.为防止对水体的进一步损坏，有必要采取一些措施。further adj. 更多的，更进一步adv. 较远，更远；进一步vt. 促进，增进 further development 进一步的发展 further study 进一步研究；深造；继续教育，进修furthermost adj 最远方的 furthermore adv 此外；而且11.倒装Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smiths, a local resident; Vincent Brown, senior manag

10、er of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental protection of committee.倒装句全部倒装倒装条件倒装方法例句以here、there、out、in、up、down、away等副词开头,谓语动词多为be、come、go等,主语是名词副词+谓语+主语Here are my tips for you. 这是我给你的建议。 (2015福建)以then、now、thus、such开头，谓语动词多为come、follow、begin、end、be等,主语是名词副词+谓语+主语Such

11、 was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist.这就是爱因斯坦，一个淳朴的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。表地点的介词短语位于句首，且谓语动词为不及物动词,主语是名词介词短语+谓语+主语Into the complete silence of the waiting class came “Good morning, children.” 教室里一片鸦雀无声，接着传来“早上好，孩子们。”(2015湖北)表语置于句首,为了保持句子平衡,为表示强调,或利于上下文衔接介词短语/形容词/分词+be+

12、主语Scattered on the floor were several books and magazines.几本书和杂志散落在地面上。（新北师大第三册）部分倒装倒装条件倒装方法例句only+副词、介词短语或从句位于句首作状语only+副词/介词短语/状语从句+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其他部分Only on special occasions would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands.只有在特殊的场合，他们才会把它拿出来，让我们拿在手里。（2019浙江）含有否定意义的副词或介词短语(not、never、s

13、eldom、little、hardly、by no means、not until、on no condition、in no case、under no circumstances等)位于句首时否定副词或介词短语+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其他部分On no condition must you be late. 在任何情况下都不能迟到。（新概念学习手册）hardly.when、no sooner. than、not only. but (also)等连接两个分句时,如果hardly、no sooner、not only位于句首,前一个分句用部分倒装,后一个分句不变Hardly

14、/No sooner/Not only+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其他部分+when/than/but (also)+分句Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you will also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness. 您不仅将帮助我们年轻志愿者的个人发展，您还将学习新的技能并提高您的文化意识。（2020北京）so (such). that中的so (such)位于句首时so+adj. /adv.(such+

15、n.)+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其他部分+that从句So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他吓得一步也不敢动。so/neither/nor置于句首,意为“也”或“也不”,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时so/neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals. 随着人口的持续增长， 我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。（新译林必修

16、三）as引导让步状语从句时,意为“尽管”,把句中状语、表语或动词提前;若表语是名词,其前不用冠词状语/表语/动词+as+主谓结构+主句Hard as he works, he makes little progress.尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had、were或should时,如将if省略,则要将had、were或should移到主语之前Had/Were/Should+主语+谓语+其他部分+主句Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome he

17、r difficulty. 要不是老师们的支持，学生是无法克服困难的。（2016江苏）【即时训练】 I.用所给词的适当形式填空（1）There (go) the bell, so lets hurry.（2）The boy tiptoed quietly to the bird. Away it (fly) into the forest when he was about to catch it.（3）For a moment nothing happened. Then (come)voices all shouting together.（4）Several melon stalls w

18、ere below the window and above them (be) the telecom tower with a big clock on top of it.【参考答案】 （1）goes（2）flew（3）came（4）was11. With pollution levels on the rise, the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.with的复合结构“with+复合宾语”,在句中可作伴随、方式、原因状语等。常见结构如下:wit

19、h+宾语(名词/代词)+宾补adj./adv./n.介词(短语)doing/done/to do【即时训练】完成句子(1) 他们开着灯一声不吭地坐了半个小时。(with+名词+副词)They sat in silence for half an hour.(2) 没有可说话的人,他感到很无聊。(with+名词+动词不定式), he felt bored.(3) 她去世的时候,她儿子还是个小学生。(with+名词+名词)She died .(4) 他睡着了,所有的窗户都关着。(with+名词+形容词)He fell asleep .(5) 有导游给我们带路,我们毫不费力地走出了森林。(with+名词+现在分词), we got out of the forest without any difficulty.(6) 他站在那里,双手插在口袋里。(with+名词+介词短语)He stood there .【参考答案】 (1) with the light on(2) With no one to talk to(3) with her son yet a schoolboy(4) with all the windows closed(5) With the guide leading the way(6) with his hands in his pockets