1、 M3 U1 The Amazon rainforest : a natural disasterGrammar-language points 1. come up with 想出,想到All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems.他们都想出了如何解决这些问题的创意。主语是人,不用于被动语态(1) 走上前An old man came up to him and asked the way. 一个老妇人走上前,向他走路。(2) 长出地面The seeds I sowed last week hav
2、ent come up yet. 上个星期我播下的种子还没有发芽。(3) 发生Something urgent has just come up, and I must attend to it immediately.一些紧急的事情刚刚发生,我必须马上处理一下。(4) 被讨论A new plan for the vacation came up at the meeting. 会上提出了假期的新计划。(4) 即将发生With Christmas coming up, people are busy decorating their Christmas trees.随着圣诞节的到来,人们正忙着
3、装饰他们的圣诞树。提出意见: put forward (可以用于主动语态和被动语态)、bring up2. call forSome call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle.有些人呼吁应用现代技术,而另一些人则呼吁改变生活方式。拓:(1) 呼吁call for sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事(2) 接I will call for you at 8 oclock.我在8点接你。(3) 需要Its the sort of work that calls for a h
4、igh level of organization. 这是需要高度条理性的工作。call back 打电话回来call off 取消call up 打电话给;使想起3. applicationSome call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle.(1) 应用The application of sth in 在.方面某物的应用The application of sth to 把某物应用到.上面(2) 申请make an application of to sb for sth
5、向某人申请某物apply vt. 敷药,涂抹;应用;申请applicant n. 申请人applied adj. 应用的4. organization It is organized by GreenHope, an organization devoted to protecting forests.(1) 组织,团体an environmental organization一个环保的组织(2) 组织工作;安排;条理lack organization 缺乏条理organize vt.组织organized adj. 有条理的organizer n. 组织者disorganized adj.
6、计划不周的organize ones time分配时间a organized person有条理的人5. I wish we could do something to help.我希望我们能做点什么来帮助我们。wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,表示不能实现的愿望(1)表示与现在事实相反时,从句谓语动词用过去式(be动词一般用were)(2)表示与过去事实相反时,从句谓语动词用had+过去分词(3)表示与将来事实相反时,从句谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形wish+that从句(虚拟语气)的各种形式:sb. had done sth. (与过去事实相反)wish that
7、sb. did/were sth. (与现在事实相反)sb. would/could do sth. (与将来事实相反)I wish I knew more about them. 我希望多了解他们一些。(北师大新教材必修三)I wish we could also do something to help. 我希望我们也能帮点忙。(注意:有时用“How I wish.”形式,意为“我多么希望”新译林必修三)虚拟语气拓展:虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式,表示说的话不是事实,而是不可能发生的情况,或是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设。类别if从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与现在事实相反过去式(b
8、e动词用were)would/should/could/might动词原形与过去事实相反had过去分词would/should/could/mighthave过去分词与将来事实相反过去式(be动词用were)would/should/could/might动词原形should动词原形were to动词原形规则解释语境例句1.与现在事实相反的假设虚拟条件句中的谓语用一般过去时(be的过去式常用were),主句谓语用“would/should/might/could动词原形”。If you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinn
9、er! 如果你多吃点,少说点,我们俩都会吃得好!(新概念二)2.与过去事实相反的假设虚拟条件句中的谓语用过去完成时(had过去分词),主句谓语用“would/should/might/couldhave过去分词”。You would have missed the train if you had not hurried.如果你当时不赶紧的话,你就会赶不上火车的。(新概念二)3.与将来事实相反的假设虚拟条件句中的谓语用“一般过去时(be的过去式常用were)/should动词原形/were to动词原形”,主句谓语用“would/should/might/could动词原形”。If you w
10、ere to ask Harry what was in the bottle , he would tell you that it contained perfumed mud. 如果你问哈里瓶子里装的是什么,他会告诉你瓶子里装的是香水泥。(新概念三学习手册)4.错综条件句当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致时,被称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。If she had studied hard, she would be a college student now.如果她努力学习了,她现在就是一名大学生了。5.含蓄条件句虚拟条件隐含在
11、上下文中或通过without, but for, or, but, otherwise等表示,这时可根据语境及具体意义采用虚拟形式。There was water everywhere, but we couldnt drink any of it otherwise wed get really sick. 到处都是水,但我们不能喝,否则我们会生病的。(外研新教材必修三)6.if省略句虚拟条件句中有were, had, should时,可以省略if,把were, had, should放在主语前,用倒装结构,这种结构主要用于书面语中。Should it wear out, please bu
12、y another one. 如果它穿坏了,请再买一个。(新概念三)易错提醒规则解释语境例句1.在“It isimportant/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pitythat.”句型中,主语从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”,表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。注意:It is a pity that.如果不表示惊奇等情感,that从句也可用陈述句语气。It is important that you have a clear vision and a working plan to achieve it. 重要的是你有
13、一个清晰的愿景和实现它的工作计划。(北师大新教材选修三)2. 在表示建议、要求、命令等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”,should可以省略。常见的动词有suggest, advise, demand, require, insist, request, command, order等。注意:当insist表示“坚持认为,坚持说”,suggest表示“表明,暗示”时,后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。The magazine article suggests that teenagers want both independence and their parents lo
14、ve and support. 这篇杂志文章暗示青少年既想要独立又想要父母的爱和支持。(新译林必修一)3.wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,表示不能实现的愿望(1)表示与现在事实相反时,从句谓语动词用过去式(be动词一般用were)(2)表示与过去事实相反时,从句谓语动词用had+过去分词(3)表示与将来事实相反时,从句谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形I wish I knew more about them. 我希望多了解他们一些。(北师大新教材必修三)I wish we could also do something to help. 我希望我们也能帮点忙。(注意:有时
15、用“How I wish.”形式,意为“我多么希望”新译林必修三)4.would rather后接that从句,用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的虚拟,用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。I would rather you came on Sunday. 希望你星期天来。(新概念三学习手册)5.表示建议、要求、命令等的名词如advice,order,demand,proposal,suggestion,request等后跟表语从句,从句中的谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。My suggestion is that you should finance some programmes to m
16、ake people aware of the serious situation of the finless porpoise and protect them. 我的建议是,你应该资助一些项目,让人们意识到江豚的严重状况,并保护它们。6. 表示建议、要求、命令等的名词如advice, order, demand, proposal, suggestion, request 等后的同位语从句,从句中的谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。Pay attention to these expressions and listen for the suggestions that follo
17、w. 注意这些表达,并听下面的建议。(新译林必修二)7. if only引导的感叹句中,谓语用一般过去时(be通常用were),“had过去分词”,“would/could/might动词原形”表示对现在、过去、将来的虚拟。Sometimes I think, if only I could call him and ask for his opinion! 有时我想,要是我能给他打电话问问他的意见就好了!(北师大新教材选修一)8. Its (high/about) time that.后的从句用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词常用过去时,也可用“should动词原形”,但should不省略。Its h
18、igh time that we worked together to change the situation. 是我们一起努力改变这种情况的时候了。关键能力真题现1.(2020江苏卷,28)If I hadnt been faced with so many barriers, I _(be)where I am.2.(2020天津卷,1)Jim says we _ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.3.【2019江苏卷】What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we
19、 _(have)a good time together.4.【2018江苏】Itsstrangethathe_havetakenthebookswithouttheownerspermission.5. 【2018江苏】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ (have)a second chance to become more involved.6.【2018北京】In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a
20、 company.7.【2018北京】They might have found a better hotel if they _(drive) a few more kilometers.8.【2018天津】If we _(catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach.9.【2017北京卷】Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.10.【2017北京卷】If the ne
21、w safety system _ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened. 【参考答案】1. wouldnt be。考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我没有面对那么多的障碍,我就不会在这里。此处是错综时间虚拟语气,根据空后where I am可知,此处是与现在事实相反的假设,主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。2. can。考查情态动词。 句意:Jim说只要保持房子干净整洁我们就可以待在他的房子里。从句意可知,空处意为可以。3.would have had 考查虚拟语气。句意:真遗憾!你错过了这次观
22、光,否则,我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文,可知是对过去事情的虚拟,与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他。4.should 考查虚拟语气。句意:真奇怪,他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that.”中,其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,其中的should可以省略。5.had 考查虚拟语气。句意:在这个村里有很
23、好的社交生活,并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句,表示与现在事实相反的愿望,所以从句用一般过去时。6.can 考查情态动词。句意:在今天的信息时代,数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况,即“客观可能性”,故该空应用情态动词can。7.had driven 考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他们多开几公里的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知,该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if _ a few more kilometers是条件句部分,表示对过去的虚拟,条件句部分要用过去完成时态。8.had caught 考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话,现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知,从句表示与过去事实相反,故用had + v-ed。9.can 句意:Samuel,我们班最高的男生,能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书。此处需要一个表示能力的词,故用can。10.had been put 句意:如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话,这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟,所以从句谓语用had done形式,此外根据句意可知是被动,用被动语态。
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