Unit 3 Fit for life Reading Language points ppt课件-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语高二上学期选择性必修第二册.pptx

1、1. It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.它它(基因基因)还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们患某还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们患某些疾病概率的信息。些疾病概率的信息。affect vt. have an influence on (sb/sth); produce an effect on 影响影响 (of disease) attack (sb/sth); infect 侵袭，

2、使感染侵袭，使感染 touch the feelings of(someone); move emotionally 深深打动深深打动eg An unhappy home environment can affect a childs growth.不幸的家庭环境会影响孩子的成长不幸的家庭环境会影响孩子的成长。Cancer had affected his lungs. 癌癌已侵及他的已侵及他的肺脏。肺脏。I was deeply affected by the film (= It caused strong feelings in me).我被电影深深地打动了。我被电影深深地打动了。归纳总

3、结归纳总结 be affected by 被被侵袭；被侵袭；被感动感动/影响影响 affect sb./ sth. 影响某人影响某人/某物某物 be affected by heat/ cold 中暑中暑/着凉着凉 affection n. 喜爱；爱慕（与喜爱；爱慕（与for搭配）搭配） affecting adj. 令人感动的令人感动的 affectionate adj. 深情的深情的 表示表示“影响；效力影响；效力”时，时，affect是动词，是动词，effect是名词，是名词，influence既可作名词，也可作动词。既可作名词，也可作动词。affect, effect, influen

4、ceaffect指指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应产生的影响之大足以引起反应”，注重影响的动，注重影响的动作，常指负面、消极的影响。作，常指负面、消极的影响。effect通常用作名词，作通常用作名词，作“影响影响”讲时，构成讲时，构成have an effect on “对对有影响有影响”。influence指指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易察觉到的、潜移默化的影响不易察觉到的、潜移默化的影响”。【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1) The experiment showed that our body clocks _ (

5、affect) by light and temperature.2) Researchers began reporting the benefits of family dinner about a decade ago, focusing mainly on how it _ (affect) children.are affectedaffectscontract vt. catch or develop (an illness) 感染疾病感染疾病 with sb for sth make (a legal agreement) with sb for a purpose 与与订立合同

6、订立合同(契约契约)用用在比较正式的语境在比较正式的语境中中eg Unfortunately, he contracted cancer at a very young age.不幸的是，他年纪轻轻就得了癌症。不幸的是，他年纪轻轻就得了癌症。They have just contracted our company to build shelters for the homeless.他们他们刚跟我们公司签订合同，为无家可归的人建造收容所。刚跟我们公司签订合同，为无家可归的人建造收容所。contract n. (with sb) (for sth/to do sth) legally bind

7、ing agreement, usu in writing 合同，合约合同，合约eg You shouldnt enter into/make a contract until you have studied its provisions carefully. 你你应该先仔细研究合同的条款应该先仔细研究合同的条款, 然后再签订。然后再签订。【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子。翻译句子。1) Dont sign/enter into any contract before examining its conditions carefully._2) In spoken English, “do no

8、t” often contracts to “dont”. _3) It could increase credit card security and allow people to sign contracts from another province. _ _在在仔细检查合同的条件之前，不要签署合同。仔细检查合同的条件之前，不要签署合同。在在英语口语中，英语口语中，do not常缩写为常缩写为dont。它它可以提高信用卡的安全性，并允许人们从其他省份签署可以提高信用卡的安全性，并允许人们从其他省份签署合同。合同。2. Geneticists have been trying to id

9、entify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关，因为他们遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关，因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一疾病的一种有效手段种有效手段。identify vt. to recognize a problem, need, fact, etc. and to show tha

10、t it exists 找到找到，发现，发现 eg Scientists are trying to identify the relationship between genes and personality.科学家正在努力寻找基因与个性之间得联系科学家正在努力寻找基因与个性之间得联系。 To ascertain the origin, nature, or definitive characteristics of. 确认确认eg Police have already identified around 10 murder suspects. 警方警方已经确认了约已经确认了约10名谋杀

11、案疑凶。名谋杀案疑凶。to recognize someone or something and say or prove who or what they are 认出认出eg Can you identify your umbrella among this lot? 你你能在这些伞中认出你自己的那一把吗能在这些伞中认出你自己的那一把吗? makes them easy to recognize, by making them different in some way 显示显示eg His boots and purple beret identify him as commanding

12、 the Scottish Paratroops.他他的长靴和紫色贝雷帽表明他统领着苏格兰伞兵部队。的长靴和紫色贝雷帽表明他统领着苏格兰伞兵部队。【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子。翻译句子。1) While the researchers are unable to identify the specific compound by which red chili peppers might extend lifespan, the team says that it is likely due to the compound that is effectively against fatness

13、. _2) They were then able to identify the colors of the dinosaur feathers._虽然研究人员还不能确定红辣椒中到底是哪种化合物能延虽然研究人员还不能确定红辣椒中到底是哪种化合物能延长寿命，但该团队表示，这可能是因为红辣椒中所含的化长寿命，但该团队表示，这可能是因为红辣椒中所含的化合物能有效对抗肥胖。合物能有效对抗肥胖。然后然后他们就能辨认出恐龙羽毛的颜色。他们就能辨认出恐龙羽毛的颜色。means n. action by which a result is brought about; method(s) 手段手段，方法方法

14、单数单数和复数形式均为和复数形式均为means.常用短语常用短语: by means of 通过通过eg The only means of communication was sign language.唯一的交流方式就是手语。唯一的交流方式就是手语。He came first in the writing competition by means of hard work.他通过努力在写作比赛中获得了第一名他通过努力在写作比赛中获得了第一名。by all means 千万，一定要，想一切办法；可以，当然千万，一定要，想一切办法；可以，当然行，没问题行，没问题 by no means 绝不，

15、一点也不绝不，一点也不 【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子。翻译句子。1) 除了养羊，这位老人没有其它的赚钱途径。除了养羊，这位老人没有其它的赚钱途径。_2) 这绝不是你第一次迟到。这绝不是你第一次迟到。_3) 那台机器被起重机那台机器被起重机 (crane) 吊到了卡车上。吊到了卡车上。_The old man has no other means of making money except raising sheep.This is by no means the first time that you have been late.The machine was lifted onto th

16、e truck by means of a crane.3. Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind persons vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing.也许我们很快就能利用这些疗法来恢复盲人的视力，或者让也许我们很快就能利用这些疗法来恢复盲人的视力，或者让先天性耳聋的人拥有敏锐的听力先天性耳聋的人拥有敏锐的听力。restore vt. bring back (a previous right, pract

17、ice, custom, or situation); reinstate 恢复恢复eg The government restored confidence in the housing market.政府恢复了人们对住房市场的信心政府恢复了人们对住房市场的信心。 to return something or someone to an earlier good condition or position 修复修复 eg The building has been lovingly restored.建筑物已被精心修复建筑物已被精心修复。return (someone or somethin

18、g) to a former condition, place, or position 使复原，使使复原，使复位复位 后面后面的宾语常为的宾语常为order, confidence, faith, peace等名词。等名词。 eg Her friends kindness has restored her faith in friendship. 朋友朋友的善良让她对友谊重拾了信心。的善良让她对友谊重拾了信心。restore somebodys sight/hearing=make someone who cannot hear or who is blind, hear or see ag

19、aineg Can you restore your lost hearing?你能恢复失去的听力吗你能恢复失去的听力吗?【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子翻译句子。1) 那个那个家庭不仅在那天向我们归还了重要的文件，而且还恢家庭不仅在那天向我们归还了重要的文件，而且还恢复了我们对人民的信心和信任复了我们对人民的信心和信任。_That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.2) In Peru, local farm

20、ers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice._在在秘鲁，一秘鲁，一座高山上的冰川已经受到了气候变化的座高山上的冰川已经受到了气候变化的危害，危害，该该山附近的农民开始行动打算把整个山顶涂成山附近的农民开始行动打算把整个山

21、顶涂成白色，希望白色，希望增强反射以达到储存这些和他们的生命息息相关的冰块的增强反射以达到储存这些和他们的生命息息相关的冰块的目的。目的。4. As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately.然而，随着这一技术不断然而，随着这一技术不断迅速发展，出现了如何合理使迅速发展，出现了如何合理使用它的问题。用它的问题。pace n. the speed at which someone or something moves,

22、 or with which something happens or changes 发生的速度，步伐，节奏发生的速度，步伐，节奏at a fast pace快速快速 eg The runner quickened his pace and won the race.那个赛跑者加快了步伐，赢得了比赛那个赛跑者加快了步伐，赢得了比赛。Study and write at your own paceyou do not have to rushas you have a year to go through the project.按照你自己的节奏学习和写作按照你自己的节奏学习和写作你不必着急你

23、不必着急因为你有因为你有一年的时间来完成这个项目一年的时间来完成这个项目。These changes seem to me to be happening at too fast a pace.这些这些变化在我看来发生得也太快变化在我看来发生得也太快了。了。vi. & vt. to walk with regular steps in one direction and then back again, usually because you are worried or nervous来回踱步，走来走去来回踱步，走来走去eg He paced the room nervously. 他紧张地

24、在房间里来回踱步。他紧张地在房间里来回踱步。 set a speed for (a runner, rider, etc in a race)确定速度确定速度eg The action is paced to the beat of a perky march. 按照按照轻快进行曲的节奏行动。轻快进行曲的节奏行动。 to be careful not to do something too quickly so that you do not get too tired to finish it 调整节奏调整节奏eg No more soup, thank you. Im pacing mys

25、elf so that I have room for a dessert.不要加汤了，谢谢！我在不要加汤了，谢谢！我在调整我的进食量，这样我就能吃甜点。调整我的进食量，这样我就能吃甜点。【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子。翻译句子。1) The printing industry can keep pace with the need of providing a variety of sources._2) When the conflict is gathering pace and you cant manage to control yourself, you should choose

26、to handle the situation in another way. _印刷业可以跟上需求，提供多种印刷业可以跟上需求，提供多种来源。来源。当冲突越来越严重，你无法控制自己时，你应该选择用另当冲突越来越严重，你无法控制自己时，你应该选择用另一种方式来处理这种情况。一种方式来处理这种情况。arise vi. to happen 发生，出现，产生发生，出现，产生out of/from sth follow as a result of sth (由由)引起引起eg More problems like those at the nuclear power plant are certai

27、n to arise.像核电站这样的问题肯定还会出现像核电站这样的问题肯定还会出现。Accidents arise from carelessness. 意外意外事故起因于事故起因于粗心大意。粗心大意。arise from/out of 由由引起；起因于引起；起因于arise from ones seat 从座位上站起来从座位上站起来arise out of carelessness 起因是由于疏忽起因是由于疏忽rise, raise, arise，arouserise不及物不及物动词动词，不能带宾语。表示，不能带宾语。表示人或物从低处向高处人或物从低处向高处上升；或上升；或表示表示数量的增加

28、或数字上升数量的增加或数字上升。无被动语态。无被动语态。raise及物动词及物动词，可带宾语。说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事，可带宾语。说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物的，往往有物的，往往有使物体达到其应有的高度使物体达到其应有的高度的含义。可用于被动语的含义。可用于被动语态。态。arise不及物不及物动词动词，没有，没有“上升上升”之意，多指之意，多指“产生、发生和出现产生、发生和出现”，常，常用于抽象事物。用于抽象事物。 arouse 及物动词及物动词，“引起；鼓励；唤醒；激发引起；鼓励；唤醒；激发”【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1) The only probl

29、em _ (arise) in New York, local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population.2) A new situation _ (arise) after the new law comes into force.arisingwill arise5. Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies?我们是否应该禁止遗传学家使用它（基因组编辑技术）我们是否应该禁

30、止遗传学家使用它（基因组编辑技术）来使来使健康健康的的身体更加强健？身体更加强健？prohibit vt. sth/sb (from doing sth) forbid sth or sb from doing sth esp by laws, rules or regulations (尤指以法令尤指以法令)禁止禁止 make (sth) impossible 使不可能使不可能常用结构常用结构: prohibit sb from doing stheg Smoking is strictly prohibited inside the factory.工厂内严禁吸烟工厂内严禁吸烟。The h

31、igh cost prohibits the widespread use of the drug. 该该药昂贵而影响广泛药昂贵而影响广泛应用。应用。The law prohibits people from hunting animals in this area.法律禁止人们在该地区狩猎法律禁止人们在该地区狩猎。【语境应用语境应用】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。1) 办公楼内禁止抽烟。办公楼内禁止抽烟。_ _ _ in the office building. 2) 他因视力弱而不能当飞行员。他因视力弱而不能当飞行员。His poor eyes

32、ight _ _ _ _ a pilot.Smoking is prohibited prohibited him from becomingban, forbid, prohibitban指权威加官的正式禁止，含严厉谴责之意。指权威加官的正式禁止，含严厉谴责之意。forbid普通用词，指一般意义上的禁止。普通用词，指一般意义上的禁止。prohibit 指通过法律或政府法令禁止某事。指通过法律或政府法令禁止某事。6. Philosophers, geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle with such

33、moral issues.哲学家、遗传学家和政府官员都已开始全力以赴解决这样哲学家、遗传学家和政府官员都已开始全力以赴解决这样的道德问题。的道德问题。wrestle with 奋力对付奋力对付，努力处理，全力，努力处理，全力解决解决eg She helped me solve the problem I had been wrestling with for weeks.她帮我解决了这个我好几个星期都想要解决的问题她帮我解决了这个我好几个星期都想要解决的问题。Several passengers were wrestling with their luggage.几位乘客正努力搬运他们的包裹几

34、位乘客正努力搬运他们的包裹。I have been wrestling with this problem for quite some time.我一直绞尽脑汁设法解决这个问题我一直绞尽脑汁设法解决这个问题。7. This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage.这意味着我们要加以适当的控制，确保基因组编辑会朝着对这意味着我们要加以适当的控制，确保基因组编辑会朝着对我们有利的方向发展我们有利的方向发展。putin place:

35、 把把放在正确位置，准备放在正确位置，准备就绪，其被动式就绪，其被动式be put in place与与be in place的含义相近。的含义相近。eg All the arrangements are now in place for the meeting. 会议会议的一切事宜都已安排妥当的一切事宜都已安排妥当。work to ones advantage: 对对某人某人有利，有利，也可以说也可以说be to ones advantage。eg It might be to your advantage to minor in Engineering. 辅辅修工程学可能对你有利。修工程学

36、可能对你有利。I know youre disappointed about the delay, but I think this can actually work to our advantage.我知道你对延期很失望，但我觉得这对我们很有利。我知道你对延期很失望，但我觉得这对我们很有利。The News report below is about the discovery of genetic markers that are tied to lifespans. Complete the news report with the correct forms of the words

37、 and phrases in the box below.B1pace means identify wrestle withcell fundamental affect without doubtThis week, a team of scientists based in Switzerland announced the discovery of sixteen genetic markers that relate to human lifespans. (1) _, the discovery is an important finding in the field of ge

38、netics. without doubtFor years, scientists have been working to (2) _ specific genetic markers that are connected with a long lifespan. Until recently, only two such markers were known to the scientific community.Genes play a critical role in overall health. Every (3) _ in the human body contains ge

39、netic information. Everything from the ageing process to the development of deadly diseases, such as cancer, is tied to an individuals genetic make-up. identifycellpace means identify wrestle withcell fundamental affect without doubtHowever, scientists have long been (4) _ the question about which g

40、enetic markers indicate a short or long lifespan. The discovery by the research team may quicken the (5) _ of the study on genes and human lifespans, and eventually help answer this question.Scientists say that locating these sixteen genetic markers will greatly improve their understanding of how ge

41、nes (6) _ lifespans. pacewrestling withaffectpace means identify wrestle withcell fundamental affect without doubtThese genetic markers may eventually function as a (7) _ of targeting the specific genes connected with lifespans. This could significantly enhance peoples chances of living to a ripe ol

42、d ages. According to some scientists, it could make a (8) _ change to the future of human life.fundamentalmeanspace means identify wrestle withcell fundamental affect without doubtThe lecture transcript uses a number of words related to “gene”. Look at the examples, think of more word families with

43、a similar pattern and fill in the table below.B2SuffixesMeaningsWords -(t)ics/ (o)logy the study of the subjectgenetics-(t)ic/ -alrelated toGenetic-ist/ -iana person who studies a subjectgeneticist statistics, economics, linguistics, sociology, climatology economic, linguistic, mathematical, politic

44、al, musical physicist, mathematician, statistician, politician, musicianThe lecture transcript uses different structures with “as”. Find the sentences in the lecture transcript and use different structures with “as” to join the sentences below.B3Learn this“As” can be used in different structures to

45、express different meanings. Such as time and reason. As a linking word, it can make your information better organized. I have seen many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as game-changing as genome editing. As many of you may already know, genes play a critical role in shaping our lives

46、. Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome . Genome editing, serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead. as the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to . without them, gen

47、ome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.1. You might have heard this before. Some genes make you more likely to develop certain diseases.As you might have heard, some genes make you more likely to develop certain diseases.2. We need to have appropriate controls on genome editing. It can be dangerous.We need to have appropriate controls on genome editing, as it can be dangerous.3. New discoveries are being made. Geneticists gain a better understanding of our genes.As new discoveries are being made, geneticists are gaining a better understanding of our genes.