Unit 1 The mass media Grammar and usage语法ppt课件-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语高二选择性必修第二册.pptx

1、Unit 1 Grammar and usageBy the end of the last summer holiday, what had you done?Past perfect tense过去完成时（had done)表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间之前已经开始，这表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间之前已经开始，这一动作或状态一直持续到这一过去时刻，并且到这一过一动作或状态一直持续到这一过去时刻，并且到这一过去时刻还没有结束并仍有可能继续持续下去。去时刻还没有结束并仍有可能继续持续下去。用法用法1: 1: 表示在过去某个动作或者时间之前就已经发生或者已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”，常

2、常与by, before, 等引导的时间状语（从句）连用By the time I got up, my sister had already washed all the clothes.I had done my homework before I went to bed.By the time he got up, his grandma had eaten the breakfast.当他到达目的地之前，其他人已经离开了。当他到达目的地之前，其他人已经离开了。到上个月末，他们已经在河上修了一座新桥到上个月末，他们已经在河上修了一座新桥。Before he arrived at the

3、destination, others had already left.They had constructed a new bridge over the river by the end of the last month.如果时间状语由如果时间状语由before引导引导,主句可用一般过去时代替过去完成时主句可用一般过去时代替过去完成时;如果时如果时间状语由间状语由after 引导引导, after引导的从句可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。引导的从句可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。如: John ( had) left before I came home. John 在我回家之前就走了。H

4、e began to write a review after he ( had) watched the film twice.这部电影他看了两遍后开始写评论。用法用法2: 2: 表示从过去某个时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。常常与for, since 引导的时间状语（从句）连用We had learnt English for 8 years by the last year.He told us that he had done the reach for five years.他说自从他来到这之后已经取得了很大的进步他说自从他来到这之后已经取得了很大的进步.他告诉我们他做研究已经他

5、告诉我们他做研究已经5年了年了.He said that he had made great progress since he came here.他突然记起他把钥匙落在家里了他突然记起他把钥匙落在家里了.He suddenly remember that he had left the key at home.过去完成时常常用在过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词后引导的宾语从句（等动词后引导的宾语从句（或间接引语中），这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的动作之前。或间接引语中），这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的动作之前。 用法3: int

6、end, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think, propose, wish等动词的过去完成时表示过去未能实现的计划、设想、意图或希望等, 也含有某种惋惜的意味。I had intended to see you, but I was busy.They had hoped to see you off at the airport, but they got there too late.我原本打算去看你的，但是我那时候太忙了我原本打算去看你的，但是我那时候太忙了.他们原本打算在机场给你送行的，但是他们到那太迟了他们原本打算在机场给你送

7、行的，但是他们到那太迟了.我从未想过你会愿意帮助我我从未想过你会愿意帮助我.I had never thought that you were willing to help me.我本想帮助你的，但当时没有时间我本想帮助你的，但当时没有时间.I had wanted to help you, but I had no time then.a. It / This / That was the first / second / . time + that从句，从句中从句，从句中谓语动词常用过去完成时；谓语动词常用过去完成时；用法4: 过去完成时的常用句型It was the third tim

8、e that he had mentioned his mother in his speech. 这是他第一次在如此大的舞台上表演。这是他第一次在如此大的舞台上表演。这是他第三次在他的演讲中提到他的母亲这是他第三次在他的演讲中提到他的母亲It was the first time that he had performed on such a big stage.b. It was +一段时间一段时间+ since从句，从句中谓语动词常用过去完成时，如从句，从句中谓语动词常用过去完成时，如我离开家乡至少一个月了我离开家乡至少一个月了.It was at least a month since

9、 I left my hometown.我们有我们有10年没那么高兴过了年没那么高兴过了.It was ten years since we had such a wonderful time.It was 3 months since I had come back from abroad.我从国外回来已经我从国外回来已经3个月了。个月了。c. Scarcely /Rarely/Hardly/ (过去完成时过去完成时)（部分倒装）（部分倒装）+when + 句句子（过去时）或子（过去时）或 No sooner (过去完成时过去完成时)（部分倒装）（部分倒装）+than+句子句子（过去时）句型

10、中，表示（过去时）句型中，表示“刚刚.就就, 一一.就就”.I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain. No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下雨了。我刚到家就下雨了。Hardly had I reached home than it began to rain. .d. It was +the +形容词最高级形容词最高级+ 名词名词+that （从句），从句中谓语动词（从句），从句中谓语动词常用过去完成时，如：常用过去完成时，如：去年夏天我去游览了青海湖，那

11、是我看过最美的风景。去年夏天我去游览了青海湖，那是我看过最美的风景。Last summer, I went to visit the Qinghai Lake. It was the most beautiful scenery I had ever seen. .e. 主句（过去完成时）主句（过去完成时）+ by the time +一般过去时，如：一般过去时，如：我们到达之前，他们已经做好一切准备了我们到达之前，他们已经做好一切准备了They had got everything ready by the time we arrived.f. 主句（过去完成时）主句（过去完成时）+ by

12、the end of +表示过去的时间表示过去的时间，如：，如：到上个学期末，我们至少学习了到上个学期末，我们至少学习了1000个单词。个单词。We had learnt 1000 words by the end of the last term.1. The employer_ ( expect) to make a lot of money , but he lost money.2. She took out some seeds, none of which I_( meet ) before.3. A rescue team saved two geologists who_(tr

13、ap) in the mountains for two days.4. Last week, he received a rejection of the interview , for which he_( prepare ) for 2 weeks.1. 5. That was the fifth time our team_( win ) a victory, which earned us fame.6. She_ ( save )enough money, so she was going to take a yoga class.7. I didnt meet the lingu

14、ist in the university. How I wish I_(see) him!8. The hoop wasnt good, but I _(use ) many worse ones before.9. By the time the police arrived, the fellow_( escape).10.Hardly _she_(hear) the criticism when she burst into tearshad expectedhad methad been trappedhad preparedhad wonhad savedhad seenhad u

15、sedhad escapedheardhad1.我本想帮你的，但当时确实太忙了。_2.她在来大学前已学过一些英语。(had done.before.)_3.到那时为止，他对此仍一无所知。(until then;had done)_4.我刚到家,雨就倾盆而下。(no sooner.than.)_5.我们五年没这么高兴了。(It was.since.)_6.那是我第一次考试及格。(That was.time that.)_ I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at that time.She had learned some English be

16、fore she came to the university.Until then he had known nothing about it yet.No sooner had I got home than the rain poured down.It was 5 years since we had had such a wonderful time.That was the first time that I had passed the exam.It was the worst day that I _( experience ) ever before. I _ ( not

17、think ) my alarm clock didnt go off When I_(get) up, it was 7:30!I was about to be late! After I_ (brush) my teeth and_( wash) my face quickly, I took up my school bag and _(rush) out of the door. Before I arrived at the bus stop, the bus _( leave),so I had to rush to school by myself! By the time I went into my classroom, my teacher _(stand) in the front of the classroom. She _ (look) at me angrily and asked for my homework. I was so sad because I _(leave) it at home! What a bad day!had experiencedhadnt thought got had brushedwashedrushedhad left had stood lookedhad leftEnding