Unit 2 Sports culture 单元词汇详解-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语高二选择性必修二.doc

1、牛津英语单元词汇详解选择性必修二Unit 2 Sports cultureWord listsSupportive sentences1. solidarity /sldrti/ n. 团结，齐心协力(16)【原句背诵】Every four years, thousands of highly trained and talented athletes gather together in the spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play, ready to test their abilities against each other in

2、 the hope of being recognized as the best of the best.【拓展】to express/show solidarity with sb 表示表明支持某人Supporters want to march tomorrow to show solidarity with their leaders. 支持者有意在明天游行以表明对他们领导的支持。On 20 July 2021, the Session of the International Olympic Committee approved a change in the Olympic mot

3、to that recognizes the unifying power of sport and the importance of solidarity. 2021年7月20日，国际奥委会第137次全会批准修改了奥林匹克格言，强调了体育运动的团结之力和齐心协力的重要性。2. *BCE /bi si i/ abbr. 公元前 (16)【原句背诵】The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BCE.3. participate /ptspet/ vi. 参加，参与 (16)【原句背诵】During the early Games, only

4、 Greek men were allowed to participate.【拓展】participate in 参与；参加；加入participate in social activities 参与社会活动participant n. 参与者；参加者participation n. 参与；参加；分享Over half the population of this country participate in sports. 这个国家一半以上的人参加体育运动。We encourage students to participate fully in the running of the co

5、llege. 我们鼓励学生全面参与学院的管理。Tom has been an active participant in the discussion. 汤姆一直积极参与这次讨论。【链接高考】（2021全国乙卷）The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. 在参与者完成创造性思维测试时，研究人员检查了他们身上不同程度的噪音。（2020新高考I卷）In the first, 95 undergraduate women w

6、ere individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership. 在第一项研究中，95名女大学生被单独邀请到实验室，假装参与了电影收视率的研究。（2019天津卷）All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history. 所有参与者

7、都必须说明，纵观历史，通信或交通技术是如何提升美国人的生活质量的。 4. compete /kmpit/ vi. 参加比赛；竞争 (16)【原句背诵】They competed in such events as boxing, running and the long jump.【拓展】compete (with/against sb) (for sth)竞争；对抗compete (in sth) (against sb)参加比赛或竞赛competition n. 竞争；比赛；竞赛competitor n. 竞争者；对手；比赛者competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争性的【误区】co

8、mpete是不及物动词，具体场合要用适当的介词搭配。Several companies are competing for the contract. 为得到那项合同，几家公司正在竞争。We cant compete with them on price. 我们在价格上无法与他们竞争。 Young children will usually compete for their mothers attention. 小孩子通常都会在母亲面前争宠。Hes hoping to compete in the London marathon. 他期盼着参加伦敦马拉松比赛。【链接高考】（2021全国甲卷）

9、Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond. 对来自英国和世界各地的摄影师来说，Take a view是一项令人向往的年度比赛。 （2015福建卷）All the competitors are served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese. 所有参赛选手都将享用啤酒或波尔图葡萄酒，这是斯第尔顿奶酪的传统搭配。5. racia

10、l /rel/ adj. 种族的；种族间的 (16)【原句背诵】His dream was that the Olympics would helppeople of different racial origins and from different cultures live side by side in peace.【拓展】racial hatred/prejudice/tension/violence 种族仇恨偏见；种族间的紧张状况暴力racial equality 种族平等race n. 种族；人种；赛事；赛跑They have pledged to end racial dis

11、crimination in areas such as employment. 他们已经保证在诸如就业等方面取消种族歧视。The attacks/conflicts were not racially motivated. 袭击事件/冲突不是由种族原因引起的。6. diverse /davs/ adj. 多种多样的，不同的 (16)7. joint /dnt/ adj. 联合的，共同的n. 关节；接合处 (16)【原句背诵】For over a century, people from diverse backgrounds have made joint efforts to help r

12、ealize Coubertins dream.【拓展】diversity n. 多样化；多元化；差异biodiversity n. 生物多样性The building houses a wide and diverse variety of antiques. 这栋楼里摆放着大量各式各样的古董。It is true that many people do have diverse opinions about the need to protect our world.的确，许多人对保护我们的世界的必要性有不同的看法。There is a need for greater diversity

13、 and choice in education. 教育方面需要更加多元化和更大的选择性。【链接高考】（2019全国II卷）In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse “night people” who are hiding secrets. 试图联系她的姐姐，马里开始改变她的生活，并发现了一个具有各色“夜猫子”的交际圈，这些人都在隐藏秘密。 8. motivate /mtvet/ vt. 激励，激发；成为的动机，是的原因 (16)9. *

14、motto /mt/ n. (pl. mottoes, mottos)格言，座右铭 (16)10. boundary /bandri/ n. 边界，分界线 (16)【原句背诵】Motivated by the Olympic motto “Faster, Higher, Stronger”, many well-known athletes, both male and female, have devoted themselves to achieving sporting excellence and pushing the boundaries of human achievement.

15、【拓展】motivation n. 动机；积极性；激励motivational adj. 动机的；激励的The plan is designed to motivate employees to work more efficiently. 这个计划旨在促使员工更加卓有成效地工作。He is motivated entirely by self-interest. 他做事完全出于私利。Hes intelligent enough but he lacks motivation. 他很聪明，但缺乏积极性。Scientists continue to push back the boundarie

16、s of human knowledge. 科学家不断扩大人类知识的范围。【链接高考】（2011江苏卷）When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try. 当学生们知道了这些问题的答案，他们能更好地准备抓住发明的机会，也更有动力去尝试发明。 11. demonstrate /demnstret/ vt. 表现，表露；证实，证明

17、；示范，演示vi. 游行示威 (17)【原句背诵】One such Olympian was the boxer Cassius Clay. He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics, when he won the light-heavyweight gold medal for the USA, demonstrating great talent and personality in the process.【拓展】demonstrate to sb. sthg.=demonstrate sthg. to sb.

18、证明；证实 demonstration n. 示范；证明；示威游行demonstrator n. 示威者；证明者；论证者【误区】不能用demonstrate sb. sthg.，而要用demonstrate to sb. sthg.=demonstrate sthg. to sb.，在使用时要注意！ Let me demonstrate to you some of the difficulties we are facing. 我来向你说明一下我们面临的一些困难。The study also demonstrated a direct link between obesity and mor

19、tality. 这项研究也证明了肥胖和死亡率之间的直接关系。In the cities vast crowds have been demonstrating for change. 在城市，大批的群众举行示威游行要求变革。They are anxious to demonstrate to the voters that they have practical policies. 他们急于向选民证明他们有切实可行的政策。These results demonstrate convincingly that our campaign is working. 这些结果有力地证明，我们的运动正在发

20、挥作用。Theres been no public demonstration of opposition to the president. 还没有反对总统的公开展现。【链接高考】（2015湖北卷）She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control whats on their plate. 她还经营了一个网站，在那里分享她的秘诀和食谱，目的是证明每个人都有能力控制自

21、己盘子里的食物。 12. afterwards /ftwdz/ adv. 以后，后来 (17)13. proceed /prsid/ vi. 接着做，继而做；继续从事（或进行）；行进，前往 (17)【原句背诵】Afterwards, this young man proceeded to become the world heavyweight champion in 1964, and later changed his name to the one we all knowMuhammad Ali.【拓展】proceed with sth继续做某事proceed to do sth继续做某

22、事go on with sth/to do sth 继续做某事【误区】proceed是不及物动词，不能直接带宾语，在使用时要注意!I was angry at the time but we had a good laugh about it afterwards. 我当时很生气，可后来我们一笑泯恩仇。Were not sure whether we still want to proceed with the sale. 我们不确定是否还要继续减价促销。He outlined his plans and then proceeded to explain them in more detai

23、l. 他简单介绍了他的计划，接着又进行了较详细的解释。14. *flame /flem/ n. 火焰，火舌 (17)【原句背诵】He returned to the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games to light the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony.The flames were growing higher and higher. 火焰越来越高。The building was in flames (= was burning). 大楼失火了。The plane burst into flame(s) (= sudden

24、ly began burning strongly). 飞机突然猛烈燃烧起来。15. applaud /pld/ vt. & vi. 称赞，赞许；鼓掌(17)【原句背诵】Another sportsperson that should be applauded is Jessica Ennis-Hill. Her story is a remarkable example of how hard work and devotion can lead to sporting excellence. 【拓展】applause n. 鼓掌；喝彩；欢呼The analysts applaud the

25、cuts in businesses, but insist the company must make deeper sacrifices. 分析家们赞同对业务的削减，但坚持认为公司必须做出更大牺牲。He should be applauded for his courage. 他应该因其勇气而受到称赞。They greeted him with thunderous applause. 他们以雷鸣般的掌声欢迎了他。16. track and field 田径运动 (17)【原句背诵】A former track and field athlete from the UK, she won

26、an Olympic gold medal in her home country in 2012.African athletes are good at track and field events. 非洲运动员擅长田径项目。17. consistent /knsstnt/ adj. 一致的，始终如一的；连续的(17)【原句背诵】In an interview she revealed that the secret of her consistent good performance was the training that she never missed.【拓展】consisten

27、t with与一致；符合；相符consistently adv. 一贯地；一致地；始终如一consistence/consistency n. 一致性；坚固性；浓度The results are entirely consistent with our earlier research. 这些结果与我们早些时候的研究完全吻合。Becker was never the most consistent of players anyway. 贝克尔从来就不是一个很稳定的球员。We need to ensure the consistency of service to our customers.

28、我们对客户要确保服务的连贯性。18. call on sb to do sth 正式邀请某人做某事；请求某人做某事 (17)19. humanity /hjumnti/ n. （统称）人，人类；人性；人道，仁慈 (17)【原句背诵】The 2008 Beijing Olympics called on the whole world to join in the Olympic spirit and build a better future for humanity with the slogan “One World, One Dream”.【误区】call on sb.拜访某人；call

29、 at a place参观某个地方Last but not least, we should call on citizens to take the bus instead of driving a car as much as possible. 同样重要的是，我们应该呼吁市民尽可能选择搭乘公交而非驾车出行。On my way home I call on my friend Jack. 在回家的路上我顺便去拜访了我的朋友杰克。The judge was praised for his courage and humanity. 法官的勇气和人道受到称赞。Humanity has been

30、 trying to use the suns light as a reliable source of energy for centuries.几个世纪以来，人类一直试图利用太阳的光作为可靠的能源。【链接高考】（2013天津卷）They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it (light pollution). 他们呼吁人们和政府采取措施对抗它（光污染）。 20. rank /rk/ vi. & vt. 属于某等级，把分等级；排列，使排成行 n. 地位，级别；等级；排，列；军衔 (17

31、)【原句背诵】In addition to hosting the Olympics for the first time, China also ranked first in the medal table.She is currently the highest ranked player in the world. 她是目前居全球榜首的运动员。The report ranks the U.S. 20th out of 22 advanced nations. 这份报告把美国排在22个发达国家的第20位。The university is ranked number one in the

32、 country for engineering. 在工程学领域内，这所大学位居本国第一。She was not used to mixing with people of high social rank. 她不习惯和社会地位高的人交往。【链接高考】（2021全国乙卷）For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as up

33、dated information from official stadium websites. 对于世界上最大的体育场，我们使用了迄今为止世界地图集列表提供的数据，该列表根据它们所声明的永久容量以及来自体育场官方网站的最新信息，给体育场进行排名， （2015重庆卷）There are many places to go on safari（观赏野生动物）in Africa, but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswanas Okavango Delta must rank as one of the worlds most

34、 exciting wildlife journeys. 非洲有很多地方可以观赏野生动物，但骑马穿越博茨瓦纳的奥卡万戈三角洲的洪水一定是世界上最激动人心的野生动物旅行之一。 21. trend /trend/ n. 趋势，趋向 (17)【原句背诵】Since then the upward trend for Chinese sport has been unstoppable.【拓展】economic/social/political trends 经济社会政治趋势current trends in language teaching 当前语言教学的趋势a downward/an upwar

35、d trend in sales 销售额下滑上升的趋势【同义词】tendency n. 趋势；倾向There is a growing tendency among employers to hire casual staff. 企业服务雇用临时职员有增加的趋势。Global warming is a trend toward warmer conditions around the world. 全球变暖是指全世界变得越来越热的趋势。But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. 但这些事情背后隐藏的趋势却很少

36、被谈及。One region is attempting to buck (= oppose or resist) the trend of economic decline. 其中一个地区正试图阻挡经济衰退的趋势。【链接高考】（2021浙江卷）In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. 在过去的几年里，越来越多的人和组织开始制定计划来对抗这种趋势。 （2019北京卷）Interesti

37、ngly, this trend isnt evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the teams performance. 有趣的是，这种趋势在棒球运动中并不明显，在棒球运动中，个人天赋会不断提高球队的表现。 22. *hurdle /hdl/ n. (hurdles) 跨栏赛；栏架；障碍 (17)【原句背诵】At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang became the first Asian to win the gold medal

38、in the mens 110-metre hurdles, while at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games, the Chinese womens volleyball team won a hard-fought victory in the final. 23. election /lekn/ n. 选举，推选；当选 (17)【原句背诵】The year 2022 will be another historic moment for China, as Beijing won the election to host the Winter Olympics.【拓

39、展】election campaigns/results 竞选运动；选举结果to win/lose an election 在选举中获胜失败to fight an election 参加竞选to vote in an election 参加投票选举elect vt. 选举；选择；挑选electas选举某人当In America, presidential elections are held every four years. 美国每四年举行一次总统选举。During his election campaign he promised to put the economy back on it

40、s feet. 在竞选活动期间他承诺要重振经济。Obama became the first black president to be elected to the United States. 奥巴马成为美国第一位黑人总统。【链接高考】（2021浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and (45) sold （sell）most of their furniture. 1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租下了这栋房子，卖掉了大部分家具。 23. *advent /d

41、vent/ n. （重要事件、人物等的）到来，出现 (17)24. faith /fe/ n. 信心；宗教信仰 (17)25. ambition /mbn/ n. 追求的目标，夙愿；野心，雄心，壮志 (17)26. *ascend /send/ vi. & vt. 上升，升高，登高 (17)【原句背诵】The Olympic Games bring joy and excitement to people across the world. As Coubertin believed, “With the Olympic Games, each generation celebrates it

42、s advent, its joy of living, its faith in the future, its ambition and its will to ascend.”【拓展】have faith in 相信，对信任lose faith in 失去信任faithful adj. 忠实的；守信的ambitious adj. 雄心勃勃的；有野心的I have great faith in youI know youll do well. 我对你有信心我知道你会干好的。Weve lost faith in the governments promises. 我们不再相信政府的承诺。Ja

43、ne Austins faith and writings have influenced many people all over the world. 简奥斯汀的信仰和著作影响了世界各地的许多人。His ambition is to sail around the world. 他的理想是航行环游世界。She was intelligent but suffered from a lack of ambition. 她很聪明，但却缺乏远大志向。She never realized her ambition of becoming a professional singer. 她从未能实现成

44、为一名职业歌手的志向。【链接高考】（2020北京卷）DM, a company focused on the development of AGI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. DM是一家专注于AGI开发的公司，有野心“攻克智能”。（2020天津卷）Together, these deep human urges（驱策力）count for much more than ambition.总之，这些深层的人类驱动力比野心更重要。27. identical /adentkl/ adj. 完全同样的 (19)【原句背诵】The majority

45、 of these sports are identical to those at the Olympics but other sports, such as wushu, have been added too.【拓展】be identical to with sb./sthg. 完全同样的；相同的The number on the card should be identical with the one on the chequebook. 卡上的号码应该和支票簿上的相同。The two pictures are similar, although not identical. 这两

46、幅画很相似，虽然不完全相同。28. fellow /fel/ adj. 同伴的，同情况的，同类的n. 同辈，同类；男人，家伙 (19)【原句背诵】The Youth Olympic Games give talented teenagers a chance to connect with fellow athletes from (2) diverse backgrounds.She has a very good reputation among her fellows. 她在同事中的口碑甚佳。Many caged birds live longer than their fellows

47、in the wild. 许多笼中鸟比野外同类鸟的寿命长。29. relay /rile/ n. 接力赛vt. 转发（信息、消息等）；播放，转播 (19)【原句背诵】The focus is on building bridges between different cultures, so there are competitions featuring mixed teams, such as mixed swimming relays.Britains prospects of beating the United States in the relay looked poor. 英国队在接力赛中战胜美国队的希望看上去不大。The game was relayed (broadcast) by satellite to audiences all over the world. 这场比赛通过卫星向全世界的观众进行了转播。【链接高考】（2010福建卷）This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to a