虚拟语气专题讲义-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语高二上学期选择性必修第二册.docx

1、虚拟语气专讲1. _ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive. A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone 2. The secretary suggested that they _ the men in at once. A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring 3. I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last nig

2、ht. A. was B. were C. had been D. should be 4. If we _ here ten minutes earlier, we _ the bus. A. arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught 5. If I _ more time, I would have gone with him. A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have 6

3、. The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _ right away. A. would be arrested B. must be arrested C. be arrested D. had to be arrested 7. Janes uncle insisted _ in this hotel any longer. A. not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not 8. He demanded that the laboratory report _

4、 immediately after the experiment was done. A. was written B. be written C. must be written D. would be written 9. The man insisted that he _ there. A. should send B. would be sent C. sent D. be sent 10. If he _ to the teacher attentively, he _ the answer to the problem now. A. had listened, would h

5、ave known B. listened, would know C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know 11. But for the party, he _ of hunger 30 years ago. A. would have died B. would die C. must have died D. must die 12. Its high time that we _ to school. A. would to B. went C. go D. will go 13. Id rather you

6、_ right away. A. leave B. left C. will leave D. to leave 14. _, I would take an umbrella with me. A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you 15. It is high time we _ off. A. are B. were C. be D. will be 答案：DDCDB CCBDD ABBCB一 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If + 主语+助动词的过去式（were, did,

7、 had）主语+ should/would/could/might+动词原形If I had time, I would attend the meeting.If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad.与过去事实相反的假设If +主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/could/might +have+过去分词If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.与将来事实相反的假设 If+主语+动词过去式 If+主语+wer

8、e to+动词原形 If+主语+should+动词原形(注意不能是would)主语+ should/would/could/might+动词原形If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday.二虚拟语气在名词从句中1.在由suggest, demand, requ

9、ire, request, insist, order, command, propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形，其中should可以省去。（特别提醒：不是用would,而是用should。）常见的这类动词有: ask要求, advise, beg, suggest建议, command命令, demand要求，request请求, insist, require要求, order下令, propose, advice, rec

10、ommend, intend, prefer宁愿, permit, persuade, expect, decide决定, instruct, object, determine, urge, appoint等等Our teacher suggested that we (should) not leave the classroom. 老师建议我们不要离开教室。He insisted that she do it right now. 他坚持她马上就做。在It is/was +上述动词的-ed形式+that从句中It is suggested by the doctor that I sho

11、uld give up smoking. 医生建议我戒烟。当上述动词以其名词形式出现，并且被用作主语，引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时My suggestion is that we (should) set out tomorrow morning. 我建议我们明早动身。The suggestion that the sports meeting (should) put off 在It is /was necessary, important等形容词+that从句中，常见的这类形容词有:necessary, important, essential, vital, advisable, u

12、rgent, desirable, natural, strange, imperative等It is necessary that you should attend the meeting. 你有必要参加会议。It is imperative that you arrive there in time. 你必须按时到达那儿。在It is a pity (a shame, no wonder)+that从句中It is a pity that you fail the exam.It is no wonder he be late for class.三 虚拟语气的其他用法在wish后面的

13、宾语从句中对现在的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去时I wish I were a little younger.对过去的虚拟，从句的谓语用过去完成时(had done)或“would/could+现在完成时”I wish I had been there. I wish I had not attended that party. 对将来的虚拟，从句的谓语用“would/could+动词原形”I wish he could explain what he means.在if only感叹句中表示“但愿”，“要是就好了”用法和wish基本相同，只是比wish具有更强烈的感情色彩。If only th

14、e rain would stop. (将来)If only I were taller. (现在)If only I had followed your advice! (过去)在as if/as though引导的从句中表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，谓语用过去时I really dont like the way you are speaking to me. It seems as if you were my father. 表示与过去事实相反，谓语用过去完成时He kept telling us what had happened as if he had been the

15、re himself. 有时也用陈述语气，这时表示较大的真实性或可能性It is becoming dark. It looks as if its going to rain. It seems as if he had been to America. 在would rather结构中would rather do sth. 表示将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿自己做某事”I would rather go there tomorrow. He would rather not stay at home tonight. would rather have done sth. 表示过去的事件，

16、“主语宁愿自己过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”She would rather not have gone to the party. would rather sb. Did 表示的是将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿让另外一个人做某事” Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came next weekend. would rather sb. had done 表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿别人过去做了某事，但实际上没有做” I would rather you had returned the book yesterday. 在 It is (about, high)

17、 time+(that)从句中从句中用过去时，表示早该做而未做的事，并含有建议的意味。It is high time that we began to work. 错综时间条件句如果条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。If I I If you had studied hard before, you would be a coll college student now.省 IF 省略句在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式 If I If I If I w

18、ere at school again, I would study harder Were I at school again, I would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus. Had you come earlier, you would have caught the bus.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbingShould it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.【随堂

19、练习】一 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中1. If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock.What a pity! Tina _ here to see you. A. is B. was C. would be D. has been2. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my home

20、town. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fallB句意为：要不是在七岁时就迷上了Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想象我如今会在做什么。此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。3. He hesitated（犹豫） for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored

21、4. You didnt let me drive. If we _in turn, you_ so tired.A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got5. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come考查虚拟语气。本题考查的条件

22、句的虚拟语气，是与过去事实相反，条件句中使用“过去完成时”；主句使用“情态动词+have done”句意：我在会议上没有看见你的姐姐，如果她来参加会议，她就会遇见我的兄弟的。根据前句的didnt see，说明本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故D正确。1-5：BBDDD6. -If he_, he _that food.-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned;

23、would not have taken D. would have been warned; had not takenB7. If it_ for the snow, we_ the mountain yesterday.A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climbC. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb考查条件句的虚拟语气：句意：要不是因为昨天的雪，我们就会爬到山上了。可知这是和过去相反的if虚拟条件句，if从句用If主语+had+d

24、one；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done，选C。8. Without electricity human life_ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would beD9. - Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.- I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A. attended B. had attended C. would a

25、ttend D. would have attended考查情景交际和虚拟语气。句意：-你错过了关于核污染的讲座真是遗憾。-我本来打算参加的，但是我在忙着准备一个工作面试。根据句意可知，是对过去事情的虚拟，相当于if I had been free, I would have attended。这里省略了if条件从句，主句用would have done。故选D。10. I _ through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadn

26、t gone虚拟语气题，without your generous help是含蓄条件。 没有你的帮助我不能渡过那段艰难的时光。 选A11. I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me. A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have comeD12. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I fully occupied the whole

27、of last week.A. were B. had been C. have been D. was 考查时态。I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible是含有虚拟语气的句子；but I_ fully occupied the whole of last week.是真实的情况，要用陈述语气，再根据时间状语last week，可知要用一般过去式。所以选D。13. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount time an

28、d energy . A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was savedA14. - The weather has been very hot and dry. - Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables . A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died句意：上文，天气又热又干燥。下文，是啊

29、，即使下一点雨，事情也会好很多。我的蔬菜也就不会死了。对过去情况的虚拟，条件句用过去完成时，主句用would/should/might/could + have+过去分词，选D。15. If we the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A .followed B .should follow C. had followed D. would follow考查虚拟语气：句意：如果我们走另外一条路，就有可能及时赶上开会。If非真实条件句是和过去相反的，用过去完成时，主句是would/might/sho

30、uld/could have done。选C。1 16.This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. mightB二虚拟语气在名词从句中1. Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. I wish they always late. A. werent B. hadnt

31、been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。我但愿他们不要老是迟到。”wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always，从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。2. _ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires Its requ

32、ired that+从句，that引导的是主语从句，it是形式主语。句意是：规定中要求，你不能告诉别人银行账户的密码。选B。3. Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what选B4. The chairman sugge

33、sted that the meeting _(put off) until the next week. The look on his face suggested that he _(be) angry with what you did. should be put off、was5. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed对过去情况

34、的推测使用“情态动词+have done”的形式；本题中的I dont think we could have managed it without you中是否定前移，我认为没有你我们是不可能做到的。Couldnt have done不可能做某事。故B正确。6. The doctor recommended that you _swim after eating a large meal.A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. neednt D. shouldnt D7. The man in prison insisted that he _ nothing wrong and

35、_ set free.A. had done, should be B. should do, should be C. had done, had been D. should do, had beenAThe patient insisted that he _ ill and _ to the hospital.A. wasnt, wasnt sent B. wasnt, shouldnt be sentC. shouldnt be, wasnt sentD. shouldnt be, shouldnt be sent B8.The workers demanded that their

36、 wages by 20 percent.A. raised B. raise C. should have been raised D. be raisedD9. At the meeting everybody was against his suggestion that a new bridge over the river.A. be built B. must be built C. was to be built D. had to be builtA10. It is politely requested by the hotel manager that radios aft

37、er 11 oclock at night.A. were not played B. not be played C. not to play D. did not playB11. It is essential(必要的，重要的) that the books you borrowed from the library back before the deadline(截止日期).A. be sent B. would be sent C. were sent D. must be sentA三 虚拟语气的其他用法1. Look at the terrible situation I am

38、 in! If only I your advice.A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed2. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _, too cold for us to live. A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly选A，freezing 极冷的，冻结的wo

39、uld do表示与现在事实之相反的结果，句意是.到晚上地球将极冷，因太冷而无法生存。3. It is necessary the dictionary immediately.A. that he will return B. that he returned C. that he return D. that he has to return4. Its already five oclock now. Do you think its about time ?A. we are going home B. we go home C. we went home D. we can go ho

40、me5. It s high time you that you are not the most important person in the worldA. realized B. have realized C. realize D. should be realizing 1-5：BACCA6. You dont have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you on business first.A. would go B. will go C. went D. have gone句意：你没有必要这么着急。我宁愿你先去上班。would r

41、ather意为“宁愿、宁可”，后接引起虚拟语气的从句，表示对未来推测的一种情况，当后面跟that从句时，谓语动词用过去式，故选C项。7. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he more on its culture. A .focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused考查虚拟语气：would rather “宁愿”，后面的从句用虚拟语气。与现在或将来时期相反是，用动词的过去式，与过去是相反时，用动词的过去完成式，即had done

42、本题与be going to 表示将来，因此would rather 后面应用动词的过去式。句意：George要谈论他国家的地理，我宁愿他更专注于国家的文化。选B。8. I have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams.A. shouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt 试题分析：考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意：我本不应该看那部电影的，它会让我做恶梦。shouldnt have done本不应该做某事(事实上却做了)；neednt have done本不需要做某事；couldnt have done不可能

43、已经做了某事；must have done一定已经做了某事，mustnt不表示推测，否定推测用cant，故选A。9. But for their help, we _ the program in time. A. can not finish B. will not finish C. had not finished D. could not have finished10. But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 6-10:CBADB11. What a pity? Cons