第二章中枢神经系统药物课件.ppt

1、ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2O学习要求学习要求授课内容授课内容学习小学习小 结结重点难点重点难点ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2ONHNHOR1R2巴比妥类药物基本结构OOONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2O弱酸性 水解性 与金属离子成盐 ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2O巴比妥类药物酸性比碳酸酸性弱，其钠盐水溶液不稳定，易吸收空气中二氧化碳而析出

2、药物，使溶液呈现浑浊。 NHNHOR1R2OONHNOHR1R2OONHNONaR1R2OONaOHH+ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2ONHNONaR1R2OOR1R2NHNH2OOR1R2ONaO+ Na2CO3 + NH3NaOHCO2H2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2ONHNHOR1R2OONHNOAgR1R2OONNOAgR1R2NaOONNOAgR1R2AgOOAgNO3Na2CO3AgNO3ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2ONHNOR1R2OONHNOR1R2OOCuNNONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2O化学名为5-乙基

3、-5-苯基-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-嘧啶三酮, 又名鲁米那。NHHNOOOH3CONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2ONNR4OR1R2R3123456789123456ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2O化学名为1-甲基-5-苯基-7-氯-1,3-二氢-2H-1,4-苯并二氮杂 -2-酮，又名安定。 NNClOCH3ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2O1.为白色或类白色结晶性粉末；无臭，味微苦。2.在酸或碱性溶液中，受热易水解，生成2-甲氨基-5-氯-二苯

4、甲酮和甘氨酸。3.溶于硫酸，在紫外光灯(365nm)下检视，显黄绿色荧光。 4.溶于稀盐酸，加碘化铋钾试剂，即产生橙红色沉淀，放置颜色加深。 ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2ONNClOCH3NHClCH3NOOHNHClCH3OH2NOHO+H+H+OH-NClCH3ONH2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2ONHNClOOHONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2ONNClNNONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OCCl3OHHOOOH3CH3CONH2ONH2HNOOH3CNOCH3H3C水合氯醛甲丙氨酯格鲁米特甲喹酮ONH3COOHCH3H3

5、PO41 1/2H2ONNONCH3CH3CH3H3CNNNOOONNCH3NCl唑吡坦佐匹克隆ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2ONHHNOONHNHH3COOONOOCH3H3CCH3HNOOH3CCH2CH3苯妥英扑米酮三甲双酮乙琥胺ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2ONONH2H3COONaH3C卡马西平丙戊酸钠ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2O化学名为5,5-二苯基乙内酰脲钠盐，又名大伦丁钠 。NHNOONaONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2O1.为白色粉末；无臭、味苦；微有引湿性。 2

6、.水溶液呈碱性，在空气中渐渐吸收二氧化碳，析出苯妥英，使溶液浑浊。 3.分子中具有内酰脲结构，在碱性溶液中受热易水解，可生成二苯基脲基乙酸，最后生成二苯基氨基乙酸，并释放出氨。 4.水溶液加二氯化汞试液，可生成白色沉淀，在氨试液中不溶。 5.与吡啶-硫酸铜试液作用显蓝色。 ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2ONHNONaO+ CO2 + H2ONHHNOO+ NaHCO3ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2ONHNONaOHNONH2OOHNH2OOH+ NH3NaOHONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2ONONH2ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2

7、OONaH3COCH3ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2O化学名为N,N-二甲基-2-氯-10H-吩噻嗪-10-丙胺盐酸盐，又名冬眠灵。 ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2O1.为白色或乳白色结晶性粉末，有微臭，味极苦，有引湿性。 2.水溶液呈酸性反应，遇碱可析出游离氯丙嗪沉淀。 3.结构中的吩噻嗪环，易被氧化，在空气或日光中放置，逐渐变为红色。遇氧化剂时氧化变色。加硝酸后显红色，渐变淡黄色。与三氯化铁试液作用，显稳定的红色。 ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2O

8、NSClRNSClRO+NSClROHOOONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OFONClOHONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2O化学名为17-甲基-3-羟基-4，5-环氧-7，8-二脱氢吗啡喃-6-醇盐酸盐三水合物。 ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2O1.为白色、有丝光的针状结晶或结晶性粉末，无臭；遇光易变质。 2.结构

9、中既有酚羟基，又有叔胺基，为两性化合物。 3.在光照下能被空气氧化，生成毒性较大的伪吗啡（又称双吗啡）和N-氧化吗啡。 4.在酸性溶液中加热，可脱水并进行分子重排，生成阿扑吗啡。 5.可被铁氰化钾氧化生成伪吗啡，再与三氯化铁试液反应生成亚铁氰化铁而呈蓝色。 6.有多种颜色反应可用作鉴别。 ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OOHONOHCH3HOOHONH3COHONOHCH3O伪吗啡N-氧化吗啡ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OOHONOHCH3NHOOHH3CHNH3COO阿扑吗啡邻醌化合物（红色）HClOONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OC17H1

10、9NO3 K3Fe(CN)6C34H36N2O6 K4Fe(CN)6K4Fe(CN)6 FeCl3Fe4Fe(CN)63 KClONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2O化学名为1-甲基-4-苯基-4-哌啶甲酸乙酯盐酸盐，又名度冷丁。 ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2O1.为白色结晶性粉末，无臭或几乎无臭，易吸潮，遇光易变质。2.具有酯的特性，在酸催化下易水解，在pH值为4时最稳定，短时间煮沸不至分解。 3.与碳酸钠溶液作用，析出游离碱，为油滴状物。 4.与三硝基苯酚的乙醇溶液反

11、应，生成黄色结晶性的沉淀。5.与甲醛硫酸试液反应，显橙红色。 ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2ONHOCH3CH3CH3CH3ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2ONNNNOCH3CH3CH3咖啡因NNNNHOCH3CH3茶碱HNNNNOCH3CH3可可碱ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2O化学名为1，3，7-甲基-3，7-二氢-1H-嘌呤-2，6-二酮一水合物，又名为

12、咖啡碱。 ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2O1.为白色或带极微黄绿色、有丝光的针状结晶，无臭，味苦；有风化性。 2.碱性极弱，为了增加咖啡因在水中的溶解度，制成注射液使用，可用有机酸的碱金属盐与其形成复盐。 3.具有酰脲结构，碱性条件下加热，可分解为咖啡啶。 4.黄嘌呤类生物碱，具有紫脲酸铵反应。 5.饱和水溶液加碘试液，不生成沉淀，再加稀盐酸即生成红棕色沉淀，并能在稍过量的氢氧化钠试液中溶解。 ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2ONNNNH3COOCH3CH3-OOHOHONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2ONNNNH3COOCH3CH3NHNNNH3CO

13、OCH3CH3OHNHHNNNH3COCH3CH3NaOHCO2咖啡因咖啡啶ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2ONNOCH3CH3ONOCH3ONONH2O尼可刹米阿尼西坦吡拉西坦茴拉西坦尼可刹米吡拉西坦ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2ONONH2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2ONH3CHOHOSSNCH3OHOHOONCH3CH3OCl吡硫醇甲氯芬酯ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2OONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2O中枢神经中枢神经系统药物系统药物镇静催眠药抗癫痫药抗精神失常药镇痛药中枢兴奋药ONH3COOHCH3H3P

14、O41 1/2H2O镇静催眠药镇静催眠药巴比妥类苯二氮 类其他类基本结构、分类一般性质典型药物构效关系发展、构效关系一般性质典型药物弱酸性、水解性、与金属离子成盐反应苯巴比妥： 结构、性质、用途水解性地西泮：结构、性质、用途ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2O抗癫痫药抗癫痫药环内酰脲类二苯并氮 类脂肪酸类典型药物苯妥英钠：结构、性质、用途ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2O抗精神失常药抗精神失常药抗精神病药抗抑郁药典型药物盐酸氯丙嗪：结构、性质、用途ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2O镇痛药镇痛药 吗啡及其衍生物合成镇痛药构效关系典型药物盐酸吗啡：结构、性质、用途典型药物盐酸哌替啶：结构、性质、用途ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2O中枢兴奋药中枢兴奋药黄嘌呤类酰胺类其他类典型药物咖啡因：结构、性质、用途ONH3COOHCH3H3PO41 1/2H2O