Unit 3 Grammar and usageppt课件-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修第三册.pptx

1、Predicative clausesTo identify the use of predicative clauses.To work out the rules of predicative clauses.To use predicative clauses to finish related tasks.To write a short paragraph based on each of the situations using predicative clauses.What do you know about the great historian Sima Qian?Born

2、 in either 145 or 135 BCE, during Chinas Han dynasty, Sima Qian is “the father of Chinese history”. Sima Qian wrote Shi Ji, a history of the world known to China.Read the essay on the great historian Sima Qian. Answer the following questions.1. What is the essay about? The essay is about the great h

3、istorian Sima Qian.2. What greatest achievement did Sima Qian make? He wrote the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian).3. What contributed to Sima Qians success? His fathers influence, his learning and traveling and his perseverance.4. How is the essay developed? The essay is developed in chronolog

4、ical order.Sima Qian, one of the greatest historians in Chinese history, was born in either 145 or 135 BCE. Influenced by his father, who was also a historian, Sima Qian took an interest in history when he was a child. He learnt Chinese classics from great literary masters, and at the age of 20, he

5、began travelling extensively across the country. He interviewed the local people to get a wide range of information.Below is an essay on the great historian Sima Qian. Find the sentences with predicative clauses and fill in the box below. The first one has been done for you.Exploring the rulesLearni

6、ng and travelling were exactly what helped him inhis later career as a historian.His fathers dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history. After his father died, Sima Qian succeeded his father as Grand Historian, which facilitated his access to off

7、icial books and files. However, his work proved difficult, because sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts. His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and efficiently.As he carried on with his work, somet

8、hing awful happened to Sima Qian. He was put in prison, where he suffered a lot of pain physically and mentally. However, he was not defeated. He never forgot about his fathers dream, in good times or bad times. After more than ten years of hard work, the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian), his

9、masterpiece, was completed.Working out the rules We can use a noun clause as the predicative of a sentence. We can use that to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a (1) _. We can use whether to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a (2) _. We can use what, why, when, where

10、, etc. to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a (3) _.statementyes-no questionwh-question表语从句表语从句充当表语的从句称为表语从句。可接表语从句的词除充当表语的从句称为表语从句。可接表语从句的词除be外，还有外，还有appear, look, seem, sound, taste等。等。1. 用来引导表语从句的词包括：用来引导表语从句的词包括：从属连词：从属连词：that, whether, because等；等；连接代词：连接代词：what, which, who, whom

11、, whose等；等；连接副词：连接副词：when, where, why, how等。等。2. 由从属连词引导的表语从句由从属连词引导的表语从句a. that在引导表语从句时无意义在引导表语从句时无意义。口。口语语中中that常可省常可省略略。eg My point is (that) you may have to face the problem. One reason Crystal has become so famous is that he is very quick thinking .b. 其他从属连词引导表语从句时有具体的含义，不能省略其他从属连词引导表语从句时有具体的含义

12、，不能省略。eg The question is whether we should go on with this work. He says it is because when he started practising stand-up as a child, he told himself jokes .3. 由连接代词或连接副词引导的表语从句由连接代词或连接副词引导的表语从句 连连接代词在表语从句中可充当主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接代词在表语从句中可充当主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在表语从句中充当状语，接副词在表语从句中充当状语，可表时可表时间、地点、原因、方间、地点、原因、方

13、式等，因式等，因此不此不能省略能省略。eg The problem is who will water my plants when I am away. That is what I want to tell you. Things are not always what they seem. What he wonders is when they can finish their work. This is where our basic interest lies. He was ill. Thats why he was sent to the hospital.【注意注意】a. 表

14、语从句要用陈述语序；表语从句要用陈述语序；b. if不用来引导表语从句，不用来引导表语从句，表表“是否是否”时时，用，用whether；c. 在表示提议、建议、命令、要求等含义的词语后的表语从在表示提议、建议、命令、要求等含义的词语后的表语从句中，谓语动句中，谓语动词词：should +动词原动词原形，形，should可省。可省。eg My suggestion is that he (should) adapt himself to his new condition.【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1) The most pleasant thing of the rainy se

15、ason is _ one can be entirely free from dust.2) What a mess! You are always so lazy! Im not to blame, Mum. I am _ you have made me.3) The best moment for the football star was _ he scored the winning goal.4) This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.thatwhatw

16、henwhat5) Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.6) The advantage of cycling to work is _ we can live a low-carbon life.7) My idea is _ we should support the reform of the legal system.8) All shes worried about is _ he is all right.9) The most important thing is _ we can get through the dif

17、ficult times.wherethatthatwhetherhowApplying the rulesComplete the sentences with proper linking words to form predicative clauses.1 I got six books from the library. The question is _ one I should read first! 2 The truth is _ there are many reasons why wars break out.whichthat3 We have made it a ru

18、le that visitors must not touch the china vases. The problem is _ some visitors do not pay attention to it.that4 The museum was closed. That was _ we couldnt see the historical documents.why5 The two historians disagree with each other. The question is _ it is possible to prove who is right.whether6

19、 Besides having the history classes at school, we also visit historic destinations. That is _ we learn about important events in history.howBelow is an article about Shiji. Complete the article with proper linking words to form predicative clauses.In the first century BCE, Sima Qian completed the Sh

20、iji, which describes historical events and figures from the era of the Yellow Emperor in ancient legends to his own time.Totaling over 520,000 Chinese characters and extending over a period of about 3,000 years, the Shiji consists of 130 chapters in five categories. What makes this book remarkable i

21、n content is (1) _ it not only includes vivid descriptions of historical figures such as emperors, thatministers or other exceptional figures, but also lists important events in different periods. Another thing to note is (2) _ it covers advances in astronomy, music, the calendar and so on.One of th

22、e main features of the Shiji is (3) _ the biographies are presented-in the form of stories rather than dry facts. Sima Qian was able to use a small number of words to describe a historical event or figure vividly. Some of the phrases employed in his book are still in constant use.thathowEven today,

23、the events and figures in the Shiji seem real when you read about them. Later historians wrote 23 more official histories in a similar format. Together with the Shiji, these were edited in the Qing Dynasty. That is (4) _ these works became known as the Twenty-Four Histories. They are among the most

24、important records of Chinese history.whyAnswer the questions.1. What are included in the Shiji? It not only includes vivid descriptions of historical figures, but also lists important events in different periods. Moreover, it covers advances in astronomy, music, the calendar and so on.2. What is one

25、 of the main features in the Shiji? Sima Qian used vivid stories instead of dry facts to present biographies.3. How did the Shiji influence the way to record Chinese history in years to come? Later historians wrote 23 more official histories in a similar format.Write a short paragraph based on each

26、of the situations below, using predicative clauses. Use the example below to help you.Id like to join you in doing the project on the First World War, but my concern is that I dont have much knowledge of it.1 Tom is so nervous about his history test tomorrow.Tom is going to have a history test tomor

27、row. The problem is that he gets stressed very easily whenever he takes a test. One way to stay relaxed is to keep calm and breathe deeply. Tom hopes it will help solve his problem.2 Davids new book on world history has sold 10,000 copies!Davids new book has become a bestseller. At first, his concer

28、n was whether anyone would read his book. Actually, it is a well-written book that is also fun to read. The reason why his book has sold so many copies is that Davids love for history is represented in the way he writes about the topic.1. 表表语从语从句在句中作表语，可由句在句中作表语，可由that引导，在从句中不充当成分。引导，在从句中不充当成分。 The

29、truth is that they are fully prepared for the trip.2. 表表语从语从句可由句可由who, how, why, whether, what, when, where引导。引导。 My doubt is whether we can get there on time. The question is who is responsible for the accident. Thats not what I want.3. 表表语从语从句句可可由由as if/ as though引导。引导。 It looks as if theres a sto

30、rm coming.Rewrite the sentences using predicative clauses.At the age of eight, he started training in Peking Opera on a daily basis.The age of eight was when he started training in Peking Opera on a daily basis.This lifelong devotion has made him one of the most celebrated Peking Opera artists of al

31、l time.This lifelong devotion was what has made him one of the most celebrated Peking Opera artists of all time.His hard work and dedication made him a leading artist in Peking Opera.His hard work and dedication were what made him a leading artist in Peking Opera.Write a short paragraph to express your ideas, suggestions or hope to salute and learn from a great historical figure with at least 5 sentences in predicative clauses.