Unit 4 Grammar and usage （同位语） ppt课件-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语高二选择性必修第三册.pptx

1、同位语从句同位语从句在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。通常跟在名词后面,解释说明名词的内容，如:news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, promise, order, problem, belief, word (消息), message, information, proof, announcement（公告 宣布）, desire, doubt, answer, proposal, advice, possibility, statement等。常用引导词有：that, whether, who, what, w

2、hich, how, when, where, why等用法 (1) that引导同位语从句。that不作成分,也没有词义,但是不能省略。 Here came the news that the scientists had made a major breakthrough in cloning.传来了科学家在克隆方面取得了重大突破的消息。 .I have no idea that you have applied for the post.我不知道你已经申请了这个职位。 (2) whether引导同位语从句。whether意为“是否”,仅起引导作用,在句中不作成分。 .There is s

3、ome doubt whether John will resist regulations. 有人怀疑约翰是否会抵制规则。 The question whether it needs reforming will be discussed at the meeting.它是否需要改革这个问题将要在会议上被讨论(3)(3)连接代词连接代词who, what, whichwho, what, which引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句。这几个词引导同位语从句时,在从句中常作主语、宾语或, 表语。The question who should do the work requires reasona

4、ble consideration.谁该做这项工作的问题需要合理考虑。 I have no idea what the procedure for applying for a visa is.我不知道申请签证需要什么手续。(4)(4)连接副词连接副词when, where, why, howwhen, where, why, how引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句。 这几个词引导同位语从句时,常在从句中作状语。 My initial question, why she did that, has not been answered.她为什么做那件事,我最初的这个问题还没有得到回答。 I hav

5、e no idea how they were able to get to Changsha in so short a time.我不知道他们是如何在这么短的时间里到达长沙的。同从的四要点同从的四要点第壹章同位语从句的注意点PointPoint 1:1: 为了保持句子平衡，同位语从句有时可以不紧跟它说明的那个名词后面，而是被其它的词隔开，这种从句叫分割式同位语从句 The problem whether they should continue to do the experiment has been solved. 他们是否应该继续做实验的问题已经解决了。 Word came that

6、 their team had won. 沃德过来说他们的球队赢了表示“建议、命令、要求”等的名词：如suggestion, advice, proposal表建议; order, command表命令; demand, request, requirement 表要求; decision表决定.后面的同位语从句要用虚 拟语气,即谓语用 “should+动词原形”, should可以省略。PointPoint 2:2: 同位语从句的虚拟语气：例句：The general gave a command that they (should) start at once.将军命令他们立即出发。 .I

7、 made the suggestion that we (should) watch out for the suspects movements. 我提议我们应该密切注意那名嫌疑犯的行踪。PointPoint 3 :3 : doubtdoubt用于肯定句时用whetherwhether引导同位语从句；用于否定句时，用that that 引导；no doubt no doubt 后加从句时用that that 引导There is some doubt whether he can adapt to the new surroundings here.他能否适应这里的新环境还有些疑问I do

8、ubt whether he is at home.我怀疑他是否在家。We dont doubt that they can complete the task ahead of time.我们并不怀疑他们能提前完成这项任务。There is no doubt that it was his friend that played tricks on him.毫无疑问，是他的朋友捉弄了他。同位语从句句型1：I think the solution, that he hired a replacement, was the best course of action at the time.我认为

9、这个解决办法，他雇了一个替代者，是当时最好的行动方案。句型2：Point 4 Point 4 StructureStructure“名词+ +同位语从句(that(that/wh-/wh-+ +陈述句) )”“名词+ +谓语+ +同位语从句( (thatthat/wh-/wh-+ +陈述句”)”)Evidence came up that specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.有证据表明，6个月大的婴儿就能识别出特定的语言声音。区别定从和同从区别定从和同从第壹章区别区别从句从句从句性质从

10、句性质that that 的作用When Where WhyWhen Where Why的作用同位语从句名词性的，对名词进行解释说明只起连接作用，不充当句子成分1。连接副词，充当句子成分2.前面名词一般与时间、地点、原因无关从句从句性质that 的作用When Where Why的作用定语从句形容词性的，对先行词进行修饰或者限制既起到连接作用，有在从句中充当成分1，关系副词，充当句子句子成分2.前面先行词表示时间、地点、原因。I have no idea when she will be back.我不知道她什么时候回来。when与idea无意义上的关联, when引导的是同位语从句i kno

11、w about four day when she will be back定语从句 the four day 和 when 有意义上的关联the problem where we to find itthat shop where we buy this book Read the sentences below and tick the one with Read the sentences below and tick the one with appositive clauses.appositive clauses.1 We have no doubt that UNESCO is

12、trying to protect 1 We have no doubt that UNESCO is trying to protect the heritage sites.the heritage sites.2 This was the clue that helped the police find the 2 This was the clue that helped the police find the man who had destroyed the ancient statues.man who had destroyed the ancient statues.that

13、 that 引导同位语从句，对引导同位语从句，对doubt doubt 进行解释进行解释说明，说明，that that 在句子中不做成分，没有意义，在句子中不做成分，没有意义，仅起到连接作用仅起到连接作用that that 引导定语从句并在从句中作主语引导定语从句并在从句中作主语3 Many people do not know the reason why this 3 Many people do not know the reason why this heritage site is threatened.heritage site is threatened.4 There is n

14、o question whether we should protect our 4 There is no question whether we should protect our shared heritage - we simply have to.shared heritage - we simply have to.5 I want to plan my trip but I have no idea when the 5 I want to plan my trip but I have no idea when the temples will open.temples wi

15、ll open.whywhy引导定语从句，修饰引导定语从句，修饰reasonreasonthatthat引导同位语从句，解释说明引导同位语从句，解释说明questionquestion的内容的内容thatthat引导同位语从句，解释说明引导同位语从句，解释说明ideaidea的内容的内容Applying the rulesApplying the rules Chris is talking to her friend Jenny about a historic site in the city. In pairs, complete the conversation below using

16、 appositive clauses. Chris: I was upset that those ancient buildings were in such bad condition. J e n n y : B u t d i d n t y o u h e a r t h e n e w s ( 1 ) _? Chris: No, I didnt. Thats great news! I have a dream (2) _ _. Jenny: Ill join you. After all, we have no idea (3) _ _.that they are being

17、restoredable to visit this site when the repair work is overanother chance to visitthat Ill be w h e n w e l l getB3B3Exercise 4:Exercise 4:The Abu Simbel temples(阿布辛贝神殿;) in Egypt are thounsands of years old and it took decades to build them.There are divisions(分歧) among historians over when exactl

18、y the construction of the twin temples started, but no one can deny（否认） the fact that they were constructed in the 13th century BCE. In the mid-20th century, the temples were under serious threat（处于极大的威胁）.The government had decided to build the Aswan High Dam（坝） on the Nile and this structure would

19、cause water levels to rise, which could in turn flood（涌入） the Abu Simbel temples.This decision caused widespread concern among people around the world. They could not prevent the construction of the dam they had no idea whether the temples could be saved from the rising waters.Some experts,however,h

20、ad a feeling that it was possible. UNESCO put together an international team of architects（建筑师）, engineers and heavy equipment operators,who looked at different ways of savng the temples. At first,they had no idea which way could work. Finally,they decided to try to take the temples apart, move thei

21、r parts to a new location and then put them back together. There was no guarantee（保证） that it would work, since no one had attempted anything similar before. Furthermore, the experts had no clue whether any parts of the temples would break during transport.However,the operation was carefully planned

22、 and the team eventually managed to relocate all of the Abu Simbel temples without incident.This success demonstrates（表明） the power of international cooperation in times of crisis（危机）.It is difficult to forecast（预测） what threats（威胁） our heritage sites will face in the future, but we have the belief

23、that we will need this kind of cooperation in heritage preservation（保护）.Working out the rulesWorking out the rules An appositive clause is usually placed after an abstract noun to explain its content. We often use (1) _, (2) _ or a question word to introduce an appositive clause. Nouns that can be f

24、ollowed by an appositive clause include fact, idea, news, opinion, etc. whetherwhetherthat that Chris meets with Miss Ma to discuss UNESCOs work Chris meets with Miss Ma to discuss UNESCOs work related to heritage preservation. Complete the related to heritage preservation. Complete the conversation

25、 below with proper linking words to form conversation below with proper linking words to form appositive clauses.appositive clauses.Chris: Sorry to interrupt you, Miss Ma. Im writing an Chris: Sorry to interrupt you, Miss Ma. Im writing an article article about UNESCOs work on heritage about UNESCOs

26、 work on heritage preservation. Can you preservation. Can you tell me something about it? tell me something about it? Miss Ma: Sure. In 1972, the Convention Concerning the Miss Ma: Sure. In 1972, the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Protection of the World Cultural and

27、Natural Heritage Natural Heritage was adopted by the General Conference was adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO.of UNESCO.Exercise Exercise 2 2: :Chris: But Ive heard some people have serious Chris: But Ive heard some people have serious doubts doubts _ the World Heritage Convention _ the Wo

28、rld Heritage Convention really helps. really helps. Miss Ma: Sure, it does. It links the concepts of Miss Ma: Sure, it does. It links the concepts of nature nature conservation and the preservation conservation and the preservation of cultural of cultural properties together. Apart from properties t

29、ogether. Apart from the Convention, the Convention, the World Heritage Committee was the World Heritage Committee was established in established in 1976 and passed the motion 1976 and passed the motion _ we should _ we should protect our cultural and natural protect our cultural and natural heritage

30、 sites.heritage sites.whetherwhetherthathat tChris: I see. Can you tell me what the World Chris: I see. Can you tell me what the World Heritage Heritage Committee does? Committee does? Miss Ma: Of couse. For example, it votes to Miss Ma: Of couse. For example, it votes to determine determine which s

31、ites are to be listed as which sites are to be listed as UNESCO UNESCO heritages sites and monitors the heritages sites and monitors the state of state of conservation. conservation. Chris: Thats amazing. Is China one of the Chris: Thats amazing. Is China one of the UNESCO UNESCO States Parties? Sta

32、tes Parties? Miss Ma: Yes. Do you have any idea _ Miss Ma: Yes. Do you have any idea _ Chinese Chinese properties are on the World properties are on the World Heritage List?Heritage List?how manyhow manyChris: Yes, more than 50 now. For example, the Chris: Yes, more than 50 now. For example, the Gra

33、nd Grand Canal, the worlds longest and oldest Canal, the worlds longest and oldest canal, was on canal, was on the list in 2014. Ive heard the news the list in 2014. Ive heard the news _ certain _ certain heritage sites in China are under heritage sites in China are under threat. threat. Miss Ma: Youre right. The proposal _ we Miss Ma: Youre right. The proposal _ we should should raise public awareness of raise public awareness of heritage protection is heritage protection is worth considering. worth considering.thatthatthatthatTHANKS