Unit 4 词汇、语法、七选五和完形一题两做及写作-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语高二选择性必修第三册.docx

1、2021-2022 学年高二第一学期选择性必修学年高二第一学期选择性必修三三单元单元四四套题套题(词汇、语法、七选五和完形一题两做及写作)一一.词汇词汇识记识记heritagen.遗产，继承物Anovelist must be able to use the cultural heritage of his nation.These beautiful old palaces are part of our national heritage.It is the heritage of all human beings.Charmouth Heritage Centre is the plac

2、e to discover more about the natural history of the area.awevt. 使敬畏，使畏怯，使惊叹 n. 敬畏，惊叹，使人畏惧to be awed by.对.心怀敬畏He is still remembered with a mixture of awe and affection.The children stared at the teacher with awe.No difficulty could awe these young men.The silence awed the boy.He refused to be awed b

3、y the threatening letters.The children were awed into silence.civilizationn. 文明社会，文明，社会文明，文明世界，开化，教养As the civilization developed, art began to flourish.The Romans brought civilization to many of the lands they conquered.Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world.The civilization of mank

4、ind has taken thousands of years.In some ways, civilization does not seem to have progressed much in the last century.The civilization of these tribes will take a long time.He is remembered for his generosity and civilization.legacyn. 遗产，遗留问题，后遗症，遗赠to leave sb a legacy给某人留下一笔遗产These are the cultural

5、 legacies of the Renaissance.His uncle left him a legacy of $50000.Books are the legacies that a great genius leaves to mankind.preservevt. 维护，保护，维持，保存，腌制，防止.腐烂 n. 果酱，专属领域，私人捕猎区perfectly preserved保护完好的The company is anxious to preserve its independence.They discussed a plan to preserve the worlds tr

6、opical forests.The estate has a game preserve.(这块地产有一个私人捕猎区。)You should preserve your papers for future use.Its the duty of the police to preserve the public order.It is highly important to preserve the environment.Mother made some preserves.(母亲做了一些蜜饯。)No hunting is allowed in the preserve .She is o

7、nly 1.5 meters in height, which is her disadvantage. However, she overcame it by hardwork and perservance.The paintings were in an excellent state of preservation.Capital preservation is just as important as capital appreciation.(资本保存同资本增值一样要紧。 )The aim of the policy is the preservation of peace.The

8、 experiment researched the method of extracting nutural preservation material(天然防腐物质)from chilli.(本实验研究了辣椒中天然防腐物质的提取方法。)urgentadj. 紧迫的，紧急的，急切的，催促的，刻不容缓的，迫不及待的Its nothing that needs urgent action.I had to get back for an urgent meeting.Hi, I need to transfer some money to another account. Its urgent.

9、Theyve made an urgent request for international aid.I was prevented from going by urgent business.Seeing that no one takes actions, he spoke to me in an urgent whisper.We must act swiftly to respond to the urgency.wear down磨损，使磨损，磨平，使逐渐磨平，使厌倦Her defences will wear down after a few weeks in prison.Th

10、e strategy was designed to wear down the enemys resistance.The tread on the tyres has (been) worn down to a dangerous level.The point of the pencil had been worn down when I finished this letter.Looking after a high-spirited child can soon wear a person down.Their persuasion has worn down her opposi

11、tion.She had walked a long way and her shoes were worn out .Everyone was worn out.pyramidn. 金字塔，金字塔状物，棱锥体，棱锥形晶体，锥体There rose before us the great pyramid of Giza.They built a pyramid of leaves and twigs.Calculate the angles between the walls and the base of the pyramid.Egypt is famous for its grand p

12、yramid.Lagrange is the lofty pyramid of mathematical sciences.Apyramid provides a useful conceptual model for organizing scientific knowledge.ruinvt. 破坏，毁坏，败坏，损害，使没落，使破产n. 毁灭，倾圮，破败，毁灭，破产，垮台，破败的城市，残垣断壁，废墟in ruin在毁灭中，在没落中in ruins成为一片废墟Our lives are in ruin.Youll ruin your shoes.It was very splendid on

13、ce, but it is a ruin now.When Maria died, she was a ruin not only in body but in spirit.He ruined his prospects by carelessness.The politics of the company will ruin their image.The rain ruined my painting.The whole supermarket was ruined in a great fire.Drink contributed to his ruin .Her nervousnes

14、s threatens to ruin the whole idea.break，destroy，ruin，wreck，damage，spoil 这些动词均有“破坏，损坏”之意。break普通用词，指某物因被打破或撕破而受到破坏，可指有形或无形的破坏。destroy多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，含导致无用，不能或很难再修复的意味。ruin多指因外部原因而受到严重的有形或无形的破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性。wreck侧重指船只、车辆、房屋等受到严重破坏或完全毁坏，也可指计划、健康受到损害。damage多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。spoil强调不仅会削弱力量、精力或价值，而且

15、会导致不可避免的毁灭。incredibleadj. 不可思议的，奇妙的，惊人的，巨大的，难以置信的，不可信的He knew, which is incredible.His panic was incredible.Ms Nova is the proud possessor of a truly incredible voice.Thats the most incredible coincidence Ive ever heard of!He showed an incredible indifference to the matter.It was the most incredible

16、 experience.Mr Robertson would be a credible candidate.(罗伯逊先生将会是有望胜出的候选人。)No politicians seem credible these days.They still have not put together a credible changeover plan.(他们仍然没有制订出一个可靠的变革计划。)clayn. 黏土，泥土，陶土feet of clay严重缺陷Clay is a plastic substance.Bricks and dishes are made from various kinds

17、of clay.It was said that the first man was moulded from clay by some kind of god.Wet the clay a bit more before you start to mould it.sculpturen. 雕刻术，雕塑术，雕塑作品，雕像，雕塑，雕刻，刻纹，雕纹The college offers classes in sculpture.Exciting artistic breakthroughs have recently occurred in the fields of painting, sculp

18、ture, andarchitecture.The sculpture offers a clue as to how Picassos last phase must be interpreted.There are two horses sculptured in bronze at the gate.The water had sculptured the rocks into strange shapes.missilen. 导弹，飞弹long-range missile 远程导弹，洲际弹道导弹missile launcher 导弹发射器，火箭发射装置strategic missile

19、 战略导弹Another missile exploded harmlessly outside the town.The authorities offered to stop firing missiles if the rebels agreed to stop attacking civilian targets.They claimed to have shot down one incoming missile.The guidance systems didnt work and the missile couldnt hit its target.(制导系统失灵了，所以导弹没能

20、命中目标。)violencen. 暴力，暴行，狂暴，激烈，猛烈，强烈，激情acts of violence 暴力行为There had been no violence, no beatings-up until then.The act of violence made people boil with anger.They strongly oppose violence and war.The young man was charged with robbery with violence.The wind blew with great violence.She slammed the

21、 door with violence.A violent storm had struck the area.She claims that violent films are polluting the minds of our children.She died violently nine years ago.Suddenly she gave a low, choking moan and began to tremble violently.conflictn. 军事冲突，战斗，矛盾，斗争，不一致vi. 冲突，抵触to conflict with sth 与某物抵触He was w

22、ounded in the conflict.Your interests conflict with mine.He had no sooner got his wings than the Korean conflict broke out.They have been the aggressors in this conflict.The interests of the various groups often conflict.The hours of those two exams conflict.John often comes into conflict with his b

23、oss.conflict, battle, combat, encounter, fight, war 这组词的共同意思是“战斗”。其区别是：battle 指两支军队在某一地点进行的战役，也可比喻表示“奋斗、努力”等意思；war 是指国与国之间或国内不同派别之间的公开的大规模战争；fight 指两个人或两个组织之间的战斗,尤指短兵相接的肉搏厮杀，也可指精神方面的激烈斗争或动物之间的争斗；encounter 多指偶然相遇所引起的短时间的冲突或交战， 是敌对双方在无计划、 无准备的情况下所进行的遭遇战，也可用来指非偶发性的交战；combat 泛指军事行动，尤指较小规模的战斗，多指人与人之间的战斗，

24、也可指动物之间的争斗；conflict 可指实际争斗，更多地指精神方面的冲突和斗争。war 包含有多次的 battle；fight 是普通用语；combat 与 fight 相比，含义较抽象笼统，但与 conflict 相比却较具体；conflict 概念较 fight 更抽象，语体也较正式。controversy，argument，conflict，debate，dispute，quarrel，strife 这组名词均有“争执、争议、不和”之意。controversy 侧重指深刻的意见分歧，多指对引起广泛兴趣或非常重要的问题的辨论。argument 指辩论双方均以事实或理由来说服对方的辨论。

25、conflict 指双方坚持已见、互不妥协，怀有敌意的争论，多暗示分歧极为严重，有时用语言无法解决，只得诉诸武力。debate 通常指经过仔细组织和计划的个人或团体之间的辩论。dispute 普通用词，侧重指长时间，言词激烈，针锋相对的争辩。quarrel 普通用词，既可指言词激烈的争吵，也可指温和的言词上的不和。strife 指因不可缓和的矛盾而引起的争吵或斗殴。civiladj. 国民的，国家的，民事的，平民的，民用的，国内的，文明的，有礼貌的civil servants公务员to be civil to sb 对某人有礼貌violations of civil rights侵犯公民权的行

26、为the civil service政府行政机构Sir Peter has held several senior posts in the civil service.The law shall strictly protect civil rights.The presence of the army should act as a check on civil unrest.The boy was so cold and even didnt return a civil greeting.The America Civil War broke out during the presid

27、ency of Lincoln.I am working on a masters degree in civil architecture.It was a civil case so there was no question of him being sent to prison.statusn. 身份，地位，状况，情形，职位，威望social status 社会地位，社会位置Top-ranking sumo(相扑) wrestlers attain superstar status.He came in search of wealth, status, and power.Women

28、s social status has changed much over the years.Ill keep you aware of the status.(我会随时告诉你进展的情形。)We ask the bank to report on its financial status.status, position, rank, standing 这组词都有“地位”的意思。position 是普通用词，指社会地位、职位或在任何组织中的地位；standing 意为“站位”，无论职位高低，都比 position 的概念模糊；rank 指在某个领域里的地位，多指根据职位排列获得的一个明确的头

29、衔，常用于军衔；status 是这组词中最时髦的词，强调所有人获得社会或职业上成功的名望。condition，state，status，situation，circumstance 这些名词均有“状况、情况”之意。condition 一般强调产生影响的原因或环境，复数形式指笼统的情况。state 普通用词，指人或物在环境、外表、心灵以及健康方面的状况，或指在某一阶段的状态或形式。status 指一个人在政治、社会、经济、法律上的地位或身份，暗含地位显要意味。也可用于指政治等事态的状况。situation 指明确具体的环境情况或处境。circumstance 多指周围的情况或某事发生时的情况。w

30、ear and tear正常的磨损，损耗This cloth is designed to stand up to a lot of wear and tear.The insurance policy does not cover damage caused by normal wear and tear.The stair carpet gets a lot of wear and tear and will soon need replacing.internaladj. 内部的，国内的，内政的，建筑内部的，体内的，内心的，心灵的，主观的n. 妇科内检This results in in

31、ternal bleeding.She suffered serious internal injuries.The country stepped up internal security.They were opposed to foreign involvement in their internal affairs.He worked in internal trade.We should make an internal inquiry to find out who is responsible for it.Shes been having some internal probl

32、ems.inner，inside，interior，internal，inward 这些形容词均含“内部的，内在的”之意。inner含义广泛，指事物中心或接近中心的部位，也可指内心隐密的活动。inside多指处于某物内部或靠近内部，常可与 inner 换用，可引申指内幕的，秘密的。interior指某物的内部，尤指某物的内侧；也可指内地的或国内的。internal书面用词，医学上多用，指事物的内部，也可指国内的或内政的。inward指朝着中心或内部方向的，侧重方向而不是位置；也可指内心的隐密活动。outcomen. 结果，效果，结局the outcome of sth 某事的结果Rotherm

33、ere was awaiting the outcome with impatience.Ayesvote is still the likely outcome.Mr Singh said he was pleased with the outcome.What was the outcome of your meeting?The outcome of the game is beyond his fondest hopes.(比赛结果使他大喜过望。)Public interest centres on the outcome of next weeks by-election(补选).T

34、hese complications(并发症) may have a fatal outcome.consequence，result，effect，outcome 这些名词均含“结果”之意。consequence 多指随某一事件引起的，必然或自然的不良结果，不强调直接的因果关系，而侧重事件发展的逻辑关系。result 普通用词，含义广泛，侧重因某种原因所产生的最终结果，而不是眼前的结果。effect 指因某种原因直接产生的结果，着重其影响。outcome 普通用词，多指事物经过一系列发展变化所导致的最终结局，而不是某种原因的直接结果。常可与 result 通用。The fire was th

35、e result of carelessness.The rise in lung cancer was a consequence of cigarette smoking.He began to experience the evil effect of drinking.The outcome of the war was doubtful.reefn. 礁，礁脉，矿脉，矿层coral reef珊瑚礁the Great Barrier Reef(澳大利亚)大堡礁An unspoilt coral reef encloses the bay.The boat finally grounde

36、d on a reef.More than 1000 shipwrecks litter the coral reef ringing the islands.This isnt scuba diving now off the Great Barrier Reef, or something like that.The question now is whether reef-building corals have the capacity to adapt to those changes.coraln. 珊瑚，珊瑚虫，珊瑚岛，珊瑚礁，红珊瑚adj. 珊瑚色的They wore neck

37、laces of coral.Although the coral looks hard, it is very delicate.Coral can be yellow, blue, or green.Although the coral is moveless , it is alive.Beyond the coral reef the open sea is dark blue.It is reported that the coral reefs are being destroyed.I was going to wear a coral dress.Kate is wearing

38、 a coral necklace.ecologyn. 生态，生态学，生态系统In the ecology laboratory, communities of species can be studied experimentally under controlledconditions.Ecology helps us understand complex problems.He started to study ecology and decided to devote his whole life to the science.Fossils allow us to reconstru

39、ct ancient ecology.Concern about ecology is a recent development.Whole chains of the ecology were being destroyed.agendan. 计划，方案，议题，议程表，议事日程，议程表，待办事项on the agenda 在议事日程中hidden agenda隐秘计划an item on the agenda议事日程中的一项at the top of the agenda当务之急Whats on your agenda for tomorrow?Never before has a summ

40、it had such a crowded agenda.This agenda will form the basis of our next meeting.Lets go on to the next item on the agenda.For the government, health care is now at the top of the agenda.pagodan. 佛塔，舍利塔Do you see the pagoda on that hill ?On the top of the hill is a pagoda that dates back to the ming

41、 dynasty.The pagoda is thought to be the oldest multi-storey wooden structure in the world.nailn. 钉子，指甲，钉状物，趾甲vt. 固定，钉，钉住，钉牢as hard as nails/hard as nails 铁石心肠的，冷酷无情的，强硬好斗的to hit the nail on the head 一针见血，切中要害，一语中的to nail sb for.以.罪名逮捕某人nail salon美甲店He hit the nail into the wall with a hammer.I foun

42、d a nail sticking in the tyre.You can try this nail polish on your nails.Police nailed the suspect.Signing the contract will nail down our agreement.paneln. 专家咨询组，讨论小组，全体陪审员，仪表盘，嵌板，镶板，板材，板条a wooden panel一块木板the judging panel裁判小组Applicants are interviewed by a selection panel.The panel of judges gave

43、 him the highest points.The builders set the panel in carefully.The worker will check functions of instrument panel.Solar panels are used to power satellites.The competition will be judged by a panel of experts.He panelled the wall with wood.specialistn. 专家，专科医生 adj. 专业的The specialist can date many

44、rocks.Her mother is an eye specialist.He is a plastic surgery specialist.We profit from the work of the specialist.specialist, expert 均可表示“专家”。expert 多指从实践中获得特殊技能的专家; 而 specialist 多指专门从事某一专业的专家。assessvt. 评估，评定，估算，确定金额，征税，收罚款to assess sth at.将某物的价值估定为.He needed at least three days to assess the genui

45、neness of their intentions.We did not have very clear guidelines on how to assess environmental impacts.It is difficult to assess the heaviness of the load simply by eye.She suggests you first assess your income and outgoings.He can quickly assess a persons character.We will assess the damages cause

46、d by the flood.She looked at the house and assessed its market value.collapse vt. & vi. 倒塌，垮塌，坍塌，晕倒，摺叠 n. 倒塌，垮塌，坍塌，晕倒，突然病倒He witnessed his dear friends total collapse.(他目睹了亲密朋友的彻底崩溃。)The coups collapse has speeded up the drive to independence.The system has decayed and will soon collapse.Upon her co

47、llapse she was rushed to hospital.The country was near economic collapse.The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.If you work too hard, your health may collapse.The enterprise collapsed through lack of support.He collapsed the wheelchair and put it on the boat.Aflood caused the collapse of the br

48、idge.consultationn. 协商，磋商，会诊，就诊，咨询in consultation with sb 与某人磋商for consultation参考，咨询to consult sb about.向某人咨询.to consult with sb 和某人商量，向某人征求意见Its important for the patient to feel at ease during a consultation.Ill call you for consultation next time I take a trip somewhere.They retired to another ro

49、om for private consultation.The doctors held a consultation to decide whether an operation was necessary.If you are in any doubt, consult a financial adviser.He had to consult a pocket dictionary.Of all the consultants, only Mr. Wang gave us some proposals in point.The consultant was a woman who had

50、 many unanswered questions.suspendvt. 暂停，悬，挂，悬挂，推迟，延缓，使悬浮Both governments are refusing to suspend hostilities.As the workers went on strike, the company was obliged to suspend its operations.Such fine particles suspend in water.They decided to suspend trade with that country.The policeman was suspen