Unit 4 定语从句复习 ppt课件（2019）新外研版高中英语必修第一册.ppt

1、 概念：概念：在复合句中，修饰某一在复合句中，修饰某一名词名词或或代词代词的的 从句叫定语从句。从句叫定语从句。 The girl who is standing there is Mary. 先行词先行词 关系词关系词 先行词：先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词。被定语从句所修饰的词。 关系词：关系词：引导引导定语从句的词。定语从句的词。 关系词作用关系词作用: 连接句子连接句子 在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分定语从句复习定语从句复习定语从句分类定语从句分类限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句对先行词修饰、限制修饰、限制，一般直接跟在先行词之后，去掉从句后影响主句句意的表

2、达。翻译时，要把它放在先行词之前。Heisaboywhoworksveryhard.与先行词间有逗号，并对前面的句子进行补充说明补充说明，去掉之后，不影响主句句意的表达。翻译时，可与主句分开。that不能引导非限制性定语从句Hegaveuptheplan,whichwasnotpractical.Ourguide,whoisaFrench,wasanexcellentcook.关系代词关系代词1.which2.who3.whom4.that5.whose6.as7.when8.where9.why关系副词关系副词.which 在从句中指物在从句中指物,做主语、表语、宾语，做主语、表语、宾语，

3、做宾语时可以省略。做宾语时可以省略。Hedoesnteatfoodwhichhaschocolatein.Thetrees(which)wehaveplantedgrowwell.Thisistheroom(which)welivedinlastyear.=Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.which常引导非限制性定语从句常引导非限制性定语从句(逗号后逗号后)， 指代前文的一句话或一件事。指代前文的一句话或一件事。Ourclasswonthegame, which madeussoexcited.who 在从句中指人，在从句中做主语、宾语在从句中指人，在从

4、句中做主语、宾语（作宾语时可由（作宾语时可由whom替换或省略替换或省略) TheteacherwhoisspeakingisourEnglishteacher.Theteacher(whom/who) werespectisourChineseteacher.whom 在从句中指人，作宾语，可与在从句中指人，作宾语，可与who互换。互换。 也可以省略也可以省略; 介词提前时，只能用介词提前时，只能用whom，且不能省略，且不能省略.Theman(who/whom)youspoketojustnowisalawyer.Themantowhomyouspokejustnowisalawyer.T

5、heoldmanhastwosons,bothofwhomworkaboard.Theoldmanhastwosons,oneofwhomworksaboard. that 在从句中指人或物，作主语或宾语，可代替在从句中指人或物，作主语或宾语，可代替which 或或 who，whom注意：注意：1、只能用、只能用that的情况的情况2、只能用、只能用which的情况的情况 3、只能用、只能用who的情况的情况1)先行词为先行词为 all, much, little, few, everything, nothing, something, anything, none, the one指物指物

6、时，只能用时，只能用 that, 不能用不能用 which.Is there anything (that) I can do for you?There is nothing in the world that can frighten him.It is all (that) I know.2).先行词被先行词被all, much, little, many, much, some, any, every, no, the only, the very, the right 修饰时，只用修饰时，只用that.Here is all the money (that) I have.It is

7、 the only word (that) I know in the sentence.3).先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时， 只能用只能用thatThis is the best novel (that) I have ever read.This was the first book that made him interested in art.4).先行词是同时含有先行词是同时含有“人人”和和“物物”的名词时，的名词时， 只能用只能用 that.I can still remember the persons and things (that)

8、 we met at school.He talked about the schools and teachers that have an effect on my growth.5).当主句是以当主句是以who或或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时，开头的特殊疑问句时， 关连词只能用关连词只能用that.Who is the person that is standing at the gate?Which of the subjects that we learn now interests you most?(6) 有两个定语从句有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用其中一个关系代词已用

9、which,另外一个用另外一个用that Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. 定语从句中定语从句中, 只能用只能用which ,不能用不能用that 的情况的情况关系代词前有介词介词时介词后介词后Thisisthehotelinwhichyouwillstay.Hemadeafortune,halfofwhichhasbeendonatedtocharity.(2)引导非限制性定语从句时逗号后逗号后Haihe,whichisthelongestoneinourcity,

10、runsfromwesttoeastintothesea.(3)如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,另一另一句句宜于用which.不重复不重复(1)LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.Thosewhoarenotfitforthejobwillnotbeemployed.2).一个句子带有两个定语从句指人时，其中一个用that,另一个宜用who.Thestudentthatwaspraisedyesterdayisourmonitorwhoismodest.1).先行词为one,o

11、nes，those指人时,只能用whoThestudentIadmireistheonewhoisalwayshard-working.定语从句中定语从句中, 只能用只能用who ,不能用不能用that 的情况的情况 whose 在定语从句中做定语，表在定语从句中做定语，表所属关系所属关系， 既指既指 “人的人的” 也指也指 “物的物的”. Doyouknowthestudentwhoseparentsareuniversityprofessors?Helivesinaroomwhosewindowsareopentothesouth.whose可替换形式ofwhich/ofwhom,常用于正

12、式文体中。Helivesinaroomthewindowsofwhichareopentothesouth.HementionedabooktheauthorofwhichIcantremembernow.as 在从句中做主语、宾语、表语，指代主语全句在从句中做主语、宾语、表语，指代主语全句或主句的一部分。或主句的一部分。Hewasabsent,asoftenhappenedtohim.(作主语，代全句)Heisnotthesamemanasheusedtobe.(作表语，代部分) as通常同通常同such, the same连用，表示连用，表示“此类此类”“”“同样的同样的”Heisread

13、ingthesamebookasIdidyesterday.Dontreadsuchbooksaswilldoyouharm.由as,which都可引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，代表前面的整个主句。Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.但两者也有差别：一、as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前或主句之后之后，也可以切割一个主句（之中）；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主主句之后句之后。Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccents.Jo

14、hn,asweallknow,isafamouswriter.HehasbeentoParisseveraltimes,whichIdonotbelieve.二、as代整个主句在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词（be）且常放在句首；若为行为动词，从句中只能用which。三、as多用于固定搭配中：asisoftenthecase(这是常有的事)，aswasexpected(不出所料)，asisknowntoall/asweallknow(众所周知)，asismentionedabove(正如上面所提到的)等。Itrainedhardyesterday,whichpreventedmefr

15、omgoingtothepark.Asisknowntotheworld,chinaisagreatcountry.as与that做关系词的句义差别：ThisisthesamepenthatIusedyesterday.ThisisthesamepenasIusedyesterday.Heissuchanhonestmanthatweallrespecthim.Heissuchanhonestmanaswerespect.（用的是同一支笔）（两者相似，但不是同一支笔）他是一个如此诚实的人以至于我们都尊敬他。结果状语从句结果状语从句定语从句定语从句 他像我们所尊敬的那种诚实的人。关系代词关系代词

16、1.which2.who3.whom4.that5.whose6.as7.when8.where9.why关系副词关系副词.1. This is the town _ I was born. This is the town _ I visited last week.2. I will never forget the day _ I came to school. I will never forget the day _ I spent with you.3. This is the reason _ he was late. This is the reason _ he told m

17、e. wherewhichwhenwhichwhythatwhen 指时间，常用于先行词指时间，常用于先行词 time, day, year及及 interval(间隔，休息时间间隔，休息时间), period, occasion, age后。后。 在从句中作在从句中作状语状语。 Doyouknowtheyearwhenmanfirstlandedonthemoon？Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,whentheaudiencecanbuyice-cream.Wewentthroughaperiodwhencommunicationswer

18、everydifficultinthefarawayareas.OccasionsarequiterarewhenIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.Wearelivinginanagewhenmanythingsaredoneoncomputers.先行词是先行词是time,day,year等表示时间的名词等表示时间的名词, 关系词一定是关系词一定是when吗？吗？I often think of the days_ we spent together. (that/which) The time _ has been wasted can never com

19、e back. (that/which) where 指地点，在从句中作状语。指地点，在从句中作状语。 ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.(where=inthehouse地点状语）如果在从句中不充当状语，就不能用如果在从句中不充当状语，就不能用where Have you visited the museum which was built over 100 years ago?=ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.=Thisisthehouse(which/that)Ilivedintwoyearsago.当

20、先行词为当先行词为模糊地点模糊地点的抽象名词，如的抽象名词，如case, condition, situation, position, point, stage，degree等表示等表示“情况情况” “处境处境”“”“阶段阶段”时，时，多用关系副词多用关系副词where。Thecampishelpfultoputchildreninasituationwheretheycanlearntobeindependent.IhavereachedapointinmylifewhereIamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.Wehavereachedastagewhere

21、wecantlivewithouttheInternet.why 表原因，常用于先行词表原因，常用于先行词reason后，后， 在从句中作状语在从句中作状语Idontknowthereasonwhyhe was absent.如果在从句中不充当状语，就不能用如果在从句中不充当状语，就不能用why Thereason_he explained to me wasunbelievable.(that/which)灵活掌握两个先行词:way和time1.当先行词是way表示“方式方法”时，引导定从有三种即：不填/that/inwhich。Icantaccepttheway_hetalkstome.2

22、.先行词time，表示次数时，用关系代词that，且that可省。Thisisthefirsttime(that) Ihavewonamedal.先行词是time，表示“一段时间，时代”，且作状语，应用关系副词when。Imissthetimewhen weweretogether.Wearelivingatimewheninformationspreadsfast.that/inwhich/三三.定语从句易错点定语从句易错点 one of 结构作先行词结构作先行词 Mr. Smith is one of the workers who have been praised. Mr. Smith

23、 is the only one of the workers who has been praised.2.成分不能重复成分不能重复 This is the pen that I bought it yesterday.3.没有先行词的情况没有先行词的情况 Is this house _ Chairman Xi once lived in? Is this the house _ Chairman Xi once lived in? Is this the house _ Chairman Xi once lived? A. which B. where C. in which D. the

24、 oneDAB4.遗漏介词遗漏介词Who is the man you were talking ?Who is the man you were talking to/with/about?5.先行词和定语从句分开先行词和定语从句分开I was the only person in my office _ was invited? A. who B. where C. in which D. whomA6. 见到逗号，就选见到逗号，就选which？ Somepre-schoolchildrengotoaday-carecenter,_theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.

25、A.whichB.thereC.whileD.where HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic,_leadingactorisworldfamous?A.whichB.whereC.whoseD.itsDC定语从句的辨别与解题定语从句的辨别与解题 思考步骤：思考步骤： 1. 1.找出先行词找出先行词, ,确定关系词的所指确定关系词的所指（人或事物）人或事物） 2.2.看主句中是否有看主句中是否有特殊特殊的词或结构的词或结构 . .确定关系词在从句中确定关系词在从句中所担任的成分所担任的成分以确定用以确定用关系代词关系代词还是还是关系副词关系副词 . .确定从句确定从句时态、语态时

26、态、语态 as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句(1)The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all, the earth is round._ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich/as AsItas 具有具有正如正如之意之意,与之搭配的动词一般是固定的与之搭配的动词一般是固定的,如：如：as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we expecte

27、d定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用asasas 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句 (2)This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatasthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。( (定语从句定语从句) )

28、这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。( (结果状语从句结果状语从句) )介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 1The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.to in介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 2The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介词介词+关系代词的情况

29、关系代词的情况 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.to inAre these two sentences right? 可见，可见，who、that 不能用与介词之后不能用与介词之后 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 4Is this the watch which you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better . 在固定短语中介词不能提前在固定短语中介词不能提前下

30、面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?Fill in the blanks with proper preps. This is the book _ which I spent 5 yuan. This is the book _ which I paid 5 yuan. This is the book _ which we can learn a lot. This is the book _ which we often talk.1. This is the book _ which I wrote down many notes.onforfromaboutin先行词和关

31、系代词的种类先行词和关系代词的种类 先行词先行词 主格主格 宾格宾格 所有格所有格 人人who, thatwhom(who), that whose, of whom 物物which thatwhichthat whose of which关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句1. 表时间表时间 when2. 表地点表地点 where3. 表原因表原因 why I cant remember the day when I borrow the book from the library.My home town is Harbin where the winter is very col

32、d.Can you tell me the reason why you give up this chance?关系词和关系词和先行词的关系先行词的关系A plane is a machine that can fly. The boy who broke the window is called Tom.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.The school where I study is far from my home.that = the machinewho = the boywhos

33、e = the boyswhere = in the school关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词和先行词的关系关系副词和先行词的关系I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. I dont like the way th

34、at you speak. on the day =whenin the house= wherefor the reasons =whyin the way =that关系副词是关系副词是介词先行词介词先行词,做定语从句中的做定语从句中的状语状语whoseThe house is mine. The window of the house is broken.The house whose window is broken is mine. whose=the housesThe house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is broken