高考英语阅读推理判断题课件.pptx

1、阅读理解专题-推理判断题得高分得高分得阅读者得阅读者An English paper（120points）Reading comprehension: 30points2010 2010 年年5757题题, 63, 63题题, 65, 65题题, , 6969题题20112011年年5656、6060、6565、6969、70702012 2012 年年5858、6161、6464、69691010、1111、1212江苏高考阅读理解推理判断江苏高考阅读理解推理判断题题: : There are three men on a train. Mr A speaks English and Chi

2、nese. Mr B speaksFrench and English. Mr C can only talk with Mr A. What language does Mr C speak? Chinese. 1. Question forms: It can be inferred from the text that . From the text we know that is most likely . When the writer talks about , what the writer really means is . The writer suggests that .

3、 The story implies that . We can infer conclude from the passage that . 这类题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等标志性词语。Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone w

4、as about to die. Thus the beetle is called the deathwatch beetle. （1分钟）分钟） The sound of this beetle _.A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people.Practice1 Several different bison species have lived on the North American continent since the Ice Age; today only two

5、 exist. The wood bison is the larger of the two, and is now found mostly in western Canada. Better known in the United States is the Plains bison, or buffalo. At one time, herds of these animals could be sighed almost everywhere from the Appalachian Mountains in the East to the Rocky Mountains in th

6、e West. The author implies that several types of bison_. A. live outside the United Stated and Canada B. are well adapted to swampy terrain C. existed before the Ice Age D. have been killed or have died outP21).全面分析全面分析 2).忠实原文忠实原文3).不要选择表层信息不要选择表层信息技巧点拨技巧点拨在议论文中，有：(1)positive (积极的) (2)negative(3)ne

7、utral (中立的) (4)approval (5) disapproval(6) indifferent(7)sarcastic （讽刺的） (8)critical (批评的) (9)optimistic (10)pessimistic客观的消极的漠不关心的(赞成的)不赞成的乐观的悲观的说明文中作者的态度: objective neutral （ 中立的）；1. Question forms:The writers attitude toward is_.The writer thought that_.According to the author _. What is the auth

8、ors attitude towards the moderntechnology? A. Critical B. Objective. C. Optimistic. D. Negative.There was a time when some peoples lives were devotedsimply to the cultivation of the land or the care of cattle.No multi-tasking there; their lives went on at a muchgentler pace, and in a familiar patter

9、n. There is much thatwe might envy about a way of life like this. Yet before wedo so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestors faced;they farmed with bare hands, often lived close to hunger,and had to fashion tools from wood and stone. Modernmachinery has freed people from that primitive existe

10、nce. P3The authors attitude towards running such a caf is_ A. unfavorable B. approving C. doubtful D. cautious P4 (2012辽宁卷辽宁卷)Inside the pleasingly fragrant cafe, So All May Eat(SAME) in downtown Denver ,the spirit of generosity is instantly noticeable :donation box stands in place of a cash registe

11、r. Customers here pay only what they can afford, no questions asked.A risky business plan, perhaps, but SAME Caf has done one unchangeable thing in the Mile High City for six years: Open only at midday, the restaurant allows poor local customers who cannot pay to work as volunteers instead. They can

12、 act as waiters and waitresses, and dishwashers, or look after the buildings and equipment for the cafe. Its based on trust, and its working all right”, says co-owner Brad Birky, who started the caf in 2006. Previously volunteering at soup kitchens, the Birkys were dissatisfied with the often unheal

13、thy meals they served there. “We wanted to offer quality food in a restaurant where everyone felt comfortable, regardless of their circumstances,” Birky says. SAMEs special lunch menu changes daily and most food materials are natural and grown by local farmers. The caf now averages 65 to 70 customer

14、s (and eight volunteers) a day. And the spirit of generosity behind the project appears to be spreading. In early 2007,one volunteer who had cleared snow for his meals during t he long winter said goodbye to the Birkys, He said he was going to New Orleans to help with the hurricane clearing up,” say

15、s Birky.2.技巧点拨技巧点拨注意作者表达_的形容词、副词、形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子动词及所举的例子，才能推断出作者的弦外之音。感情色彩1. Question forms:(1) 考查整篇文章的写作目的A. The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _.B. What is the purpose of writing this article?C. In writing the passage, the author intends to _.(2) 考查某处细节的写作意图A. The writer uses the ex

16、ample ofto show that _.B. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.C. are mentioned in the first paragraph to _. 2. 常见的写作目的归纳常见的写作目的归纳不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 但写作目的通常有以下三种：(1) to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑）(2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）(3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）常见于常见

17、于故事类故事类的文章。的文章。to make people laugh; to tell an interesting experience常见于常见于广告类广告类的文章。的文章。to sell a product or a service; to attract more visitors / readers / audience多见于多见于科普类科普类新闻报道类新闻报道类文化类或文化类或社会类社会类的文章的文章.Passage5. “Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you j

18、umped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. （1.5分钟）The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _. A. test the reade

19、rs knowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to the topic C. show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers to answer them(1) 根据根据文体类别文体类别推断写作目的推断写作目的(2) 从从写作手法写作手法来推断写作目的来推断写作目的技巧点拨技巧点拨 1. Question forms:The passage is most likely to be taken from_.Where would this passage most proba

20、bly appear?The passage is most likely a part of _.Passage6 More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured（受伤）each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window. Wearing a seat belt（安全带）saves lives; it reduces your c

21、hance of death or serious injury by more than half. Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $ 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the drivers responsibility（责任）

22、to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing（倒退）your vehicle or you are making a local delivery（发送）or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical c

23、ertificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances（情形）apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it. （3分钟） This

24、text is taken from _. A. a medical magazine B. a police report C. an advertisement（广告）D. a government information booklet （小册子）More than 30,000 are killed or seriously injured（受伤）each year.you could be fined up to $ 50Remember you may be taken to court you may be fined a police report P7Dont wander

25、aimlessly through life. Get confused onyour goals, start helping others in need, and live life to thefullest! Life is too short to be anything but happy. Visit myblog and find what youve been missing. Sigh up for my newsletter and get seven free ebooks, too! Read hundredsof articles while youre ther

26、e in the article section, which isupdated daily.This text must be taken from _A a radio program B. a websiteC. a newspaper D. a TV program这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：(1) 报纸报纸 (2)广告广告 (3)产品产品说明说明 4）文学作品等）文学作品等技巧点拨技巧点拨1.Question forms:The next paragraph would most probably deal with _The paragraph preceding

27、this one would most likely discuss _.P8 When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did. When humans learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To

28、 provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upon. This development led to farming and the domestication of animals. F

29、ire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities. （3分钟）The paragraph following this

30、passage would most likely be about _. A. fire B. hunting C. farming D. urbanization （城市化）推测下文的内容：根据作者的思路进行推理关注最后一段，特别是文段结尾技巧点拨技巧点拨Practice makes perfect! It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it. If you dont turn it

31、 back over, all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）（依附）the underside will die. The passage implies that rocks _.A. hurt sea animals B. protect sea animalsC. wont be found on beaches D. cant be found on beachesP2 (2012天津) Barditch High School decided to an All-School Reunion. Over 450 people

32、came to the event. There were tours of the old school building and a picnic at Confederate Park. Several former teachers were on hands to tell stories about the old days. Ms. Mabel Yates, the English teacher for fifty years, was wheeled to the Park. Some eyes rolled and there were a few low groans(嘟

33、囔声)when Ms.Yates was about to speak. Many started looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere instead of preparing to listen to a lecture from and old woman who had few kind words for her students and made them work harder than all the other teachers combined.What can be infer

34、red from Paragraph 2? A. Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms. Yates speech.B. Many graduates disliked Ms. Yates ways of teaching.C. Some people got tired from the reunion activities.D. Most people had little interest in the reunion. 5. What can we know from the last paragraph? A. Mary feels

35、 pity for herself. B. Mary has recovered from her disease. C. Mary wants to help others as much as possible. DMary determines to go back to the dance floor.Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forcedher to the sidelines of the dance floor，she refuses to fallinto self-pity. “Everybody o

36、n earth can ask，whyme？about something or other，”she insists. “It doesntdo any good. No one is immune (免疫的免疫的) to heartachepain，and disappointments. Sometimes we can makethings better by helping others. Ive come to realize theimportance of that as Ive grown up this second time. Iwant to speak out and

37、 be as helpful as I can be.”3Passage4. Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have always been people who have looked for adventure- those who have climbed the highest mountains, traveled into unknown parts of the world or sailed in

38、 small boats across the greatest oceans. Now, however, there are people who look for an immediate excitement from a risky activity, which may only last a few minutes or even seconds. I would consider bungee jumping（蹦极跳）to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place (perhaps a b

39、ridge or a hot air balloon) 200 meters above the ground with an elastic（有弹性的）rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is said that about 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities wh

40、ich most people would say as risky as bungee jumping include jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs. Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists（心理学家）suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. N

41、ot very long ago, peoples lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival（生存）. Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe condition

42、s; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping. （5分钟）The writer of the text has a _ attitude（态度）towards dangerous sports.A. positive（肯定的） B. negative（

43、否定的） C. neutral （中立的） D. nervousThe purpose of the text is to get more people to . A. do research B. design shoes C. visit the museum D. follow celebrities P6（2012安徽卷）Welcome to one of the largest collections of footwear（鞋类）in the world that will make you green with envy. Here at the Footwear Museum

44、 you can see exhibits（展品）from all over the world. You can find out about shoes worn by everyone from the Ancient Egyptians to pop stars. 1.1.推断隐含意义推断隐含意义, ,必须吃透相关必须吃透相关文段的意思。文段的意思。 2.2.推断作者的写作意图，应当推断作者的写作意图，应当关注主题句关注主题句, ,同时把握文章的体同时把握文章的体裁也可以推断作者的写作目的。裁也可以推断作者的写作目的。总结总结3.推断作者的观点，应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心思想。

45、4.推断下文的内容，必须特别关注最后一段的内容,尤其是最后的两三句话。Tips:1. 严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息或推论依据进行推理，不能搀杂自己的主观想法。2. 不选只是阅读材料的简单重复的选项。因为它是事实，不是推论。3. 不选虽在文章中提到，但很片面或不完整的选项。4. 文章中的虚拟语气和情态动词（should, might, must, may, etc.）往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，有助于确定正确答案。5. 注意文章中的措辞，比如作者在形容词前用了too, rather, excessively等，则常常带有否定的语气。6. 某些过渡词（例如however, but, on the contrary, after all, whats more等）后面所表达的内容往往能够反映作者的观点和态度。