高考英语大一轮复习第2部分语法专题词形变化类第三课时动词的时态和语态课件新人教.ppt

1、第三课时动词的时态和语态第三课时动词的时态和语态单句语法填空/单句改错1.I _(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.(2016全国，62)2.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _ (be) often acceptable.(2016全国，43)3.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might _ (make)of gold and si

2、lver with Chinese characters.(2016全国，42)感 悟 高 考4.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _ (be) too violent for use at the table.(2016全国，49)5.Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.(2016全国，短文改错)答案1.was allowed2.is3.be made4.were

3、5.usingused 动词的时态考点一一般现在时规则 表示现在的情况、状态及经常性、习惯性或不按照时间的变化而发生变化的动作。There are buses to the station every ten minutes.每十分钟就有一趟公共汽车去车站。规则 表示客观真理或科学事实。Its known that the earth goes round the sun.众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。考 点 清 单规则 用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中以及谈论按计划或时间表安排的活动时要用一般现在时表示将来。I will discuss this with you when we meet nex

4、t time.下次见面时咱们再讨论这个问题。The flight takes off at 2：30 every Wednesday and Friday.航班每个星期三、星期五2：30起飞。考点二一般过去时规则 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。At that time，he worked as a teacher to support the family.那段时间他靠教书养家。规则 表示过去某一段时间内反复发生的动作或存在的状态。I always got up late，and never had enough time for breakfast.我总是起床很晚，从来没有足够的时间吃早饭

5、。规则 在时间、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。They said they would inform me if they heard any news about him.他们说如果听到任何关于他的消息，就通知我。 考点三一般将来时规则 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，或在现在看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态，常与时间状语tomorrow，next week，in a few days等连用。We will have an important meeting tomorrow.我们明天要开一个重要的会议。规则 “祈使句and/or陈述句”句型中，陈述句常用一般将来

6、时。Study hard and you will pass the exam.努力学习你就会通过考试的。 规则 非延续性动词，如go，come，leave，die等的现在进行时也可表示将要发生的动作。 “The moment is coming soon，” he thought to himself，waiting nervously.“这一刻就要来到了，”他自思自忖，紧张地等待着。规则 表示临时决定用will。Do you know Mr.Smith has come to our town?No，I will go and visit him right now.你知道史密斯先生来我们

7、镇了吗？不知道。我现在就去看他。规则 “be to do” 和“be going to动词原形”表示“计划、打算要做某事”，此外，be going to还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。be about to do表示马上就要发生的动作，意为“正要”，不和具体的时间状语连用。The meeting is to take place at nine this morning.会议将于早上9点召开。Sit down，everyone.The film is about to start.大家坐好，电影马上就要开始了。Look at the dark clouds.It is going to

8、rain.看这些乌云，要下雨了。考点四现在进行时规则 表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态，还可表示现阶段一直在进行的动作。Hurry up，kids! The school bus is waiting for us!孩子们，快点！校车在等我们！The people all over the world are fighting against pollution.全世界的人们都在和污染作斗争。 规则 常与always，constantly，continually，forever (for ever) 等副词连用，表达说话者生气、赞扬、同情、不满、惊讶等感情色彩。Tom is always com

9、ing late for meetings，which makes his boss very angry.汤姆开会老是迟到，这使他的老板很生气。 考点五过去进行时规则 表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。She was telephoning a friend when I came in.当我进来时她正给一个朋友打电话。规则 表示在过去某一段时间内一直在进行的动作，但谈话时动作未必正在进行。I was living in the schools dormitory when I was in middle school.我上高中时一直住在学校的宿舍里。规则 与always，constantl

10、y，continually，forever等副词连用表示赞美或讨厌的感情色彩。The little boy was continually asking his brother the same question，which made his brother bored(厌烦).这个小男孩总是问他哥哥同一个问题，这让他哥哥厌烦。Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others.He never thought of himself first.雷锋同志总是先想着他人，而不是自己。规则 动词plan，expect，come，go，leave等的过去进行

11、时表示过去将要发生的动作。She told me that she was leaving for Italy the next day.她告诉我她第二天就出发去意大利。 考点六将来进行时规则将来进行时强调将来某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。Ill be flying to Beijing at two oclock this afternoon.今天下午两点钟我将飞往北京。考点七现在完成时规则 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在，表示动作已经完成。常与以下时间状语连用：already，yet，just，since，so far，recently，lately，up

12、to now，until/till now，in the last/past few years。In the past few years，great changes have taken place in my hometown.在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 规则 在条件、时间或让步状语从句中，表示将来某时之前已完成的动作。When you have learned English，you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.当你学习英语之后，你将找到一条通往丰富知识的桥梁。 规则 下列情况下常用现在完成时：It is/has

13、been一段时间since从句It is twenty years since Ive seen her.我已经二十年没见她了。This/That/It is the first/second.time that现在完成时This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema as a family.这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。It/This is the best/worst/most interesting等名词从句现在完成时This is the most interesting novel he has ever

14、 written.这是他写得最有趣的一部小说。 考点八过去完成时规则 表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的动作，即“过去的过去”；或延续至过去某一时间的动作。I found the lecture hard to follow because it had started when I arrived.我发现这个报告很难懂，因为当我到的时候，它已经开始了。规则 表示本打算做但事实上并未做成某事。常见的有此用法的动词有：hope，want，mean，suppose，intend，plan，think，expect等。I had meant to help you，but I was too bu

15、sy at that moment.我本打算帮你的，但当时我太忙了。 规则 在“no sooner.than.”或“hardly/scarcely.when.”结构中，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时。Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。规则 It/That/This was the first/second.timethat从句，that从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时。That was the first time th

16、at I had passed the exam.那是我第一次考试及格。规则 It was/had been一段时间since从句，since从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们有10年没那么高兴过了。 考点九将来完成时规则主要表示某一动作到将来某个时间完成，上下文情景中常含有by短语，如by six oclock，by the weekend，by the end of next month等。By the time you get home I will have cleaned t

17、he house from top to bottom.你到家时我将已把房子彻底打扫一遍了。考点十现在完成进行时规则现在完成进行时强调过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间，并且还在进行。Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere.你刚才去哪里了？我们一直在到处找你。I have been ringing you several times in two days.这两天内我给你打过几次电话。 动词的语态考点一被动语态的构成规则 被动语态的构成为“be及物动词的过去分词”。助动词be有人称、数和时

18、态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。现以动词do为例列表如下： 考 点 清 单时时体体现在现在过去过去将来将来过去将来过去将来一般一般is/am/are donewas/were donewill/shall be donewould/should be done进行进行is/am/are being donewas/were being done完成完成have/has been donehad been donewill/shall have been donewould/should have been doneSome new computers were stolen

19、last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。Enough has been done for you，but youve made little progress.为你做了很多，然而你进步却很小。This programme has been broadcast by the local radio station many times.这个节目被当地电台播放了多次。 规则 “get过去分词”表示被动She got paid before she went on a holiday.她在休假前领到了工资。考点二含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态时其结构为：情态动词(can，may，must，h

20、ave to等)be动词的-ed形式。He must be prevented from going.必须阻止他去。 考点三主动表示被动的用法规则 “系动词look，sound，feel，smell，taste，seem，go，prove，turn，become，get，keep形容词/名词”构成系表结构。This shirt feels much softer than that one.这件衬衫摸起来比那件衬衫柔软得多。规则 表示主语的某种属性特征的不及物动词，如read，write，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，cook，lock，shut等，可用主动形式表示被动含

21、义。The door wont open，so we will ask a repairman to open it.这门打不开，所以我们请修理工打开它。 规则 动词want，need，require，deserve后接不定式的被动形式或动名词的主动形式意义相同。I had my mobile phone repaired two days ago，but it needs repairing/to be repaired again now.我两天前修理了我的手机，但现在还需要再修理。1.【误】The teacher said that light travelled faster than

22、 sound.【正】The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.【探究】表示客观事实或普遍现象时应用一般现在时。2.【误】He is loving her.【正】He is in love with her.【探究】表示情感类动词like，love，prefer，admire，hate，fear等不能用于进行时。正 误 探 究3.【误】His father has left his homeland for 50 years.【正】His father has been away from his homeland for 50

23、years.【探究】短暂性动作的完成时(肯定式)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。4.【误】If it is fine，we are going to go fishing.【正】If it is fine，well go fishing.【探究】be going to表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。 易错点1时间定位不准Did you catch what I said?Sorry.I _(answer) a text message just now.误填answered答案was answering句意：你听懂我说的话了吗？抱歉。我刚才正在回复一条短信。根据句意

24、可知，第一个人说话时，“我”正在回复短信，所以没听懂对方的话，故用过去进行时态。 易 错 防 范【点拨】该题问句“Did you.”易误导学生将行为动作发生的时间定位为一般过去时，而just now又会加深误会，但此题根据问句定位时间是过去，而语境提示可知表示的是刚才对方说话时正在进行的动作。易错点2时态语态顾此失彼It is reported that many a new house _(build) at present in the disaster area.误填are being built答案is being built由at present可知，动词应用现在进行时，且与主语是动

25、宾关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是“many a名词单数”，谓语动词用单数。 【点拨】该种题目难在既考查时态、语态，又考查主谓一致，多个考点置于同一个考题中，考生极易顾此失彼。容易忽略主谓一致和语态。所以综合考虑，用逐一排查时态语态是正确的做法。 易错点3易混时态辨析I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I _(fly) to Shanghai.误填will fly答案will be flying句意：我觉得特别兴奋！明天早晨这个时候我就要飞往上海了。考查将来进行时。根据时间状语At this time tomorrow mor

26、ning可知第二句表示明天早晨的这一时间点正在发生的事情，故用将来进行时。【点拨】易混时态辨析是高考英语试题中的常考题型，做好此类题的关键首先要能清晰判断易混时态的异同，如一般过去时和现在完成时，现在完成时和现在完成进行时，一般将来时和将来进行时的差别等。其次，在做题时要善于捕捉句子中所隐含的信息，明确动作行为发生的确切时间。易错点4忽略固定句型或习惯用法Jim _(watch) a late-night film at home when，right in the middle of a thrilling scene，the television went blank.误填watched

27、答案was watching句意：吉姆正在家里看一部午夜电影，就在看到一个恐怖场面时，电视黑屏了。根据固定结构sb was doing.when.，应用was watching。 【点拨】熟记固定句式时态，仔细分析题干结构。常见固定句式的时态：(1)It is the first/second.time that sb have/has done.(2)It was the first/second.time that sb had done.(3)sb was/were doing sth when.did.(4)Its high time that sb did/.should do.(5

28、)Hardly/Scarcely had sb done sth when sb did.(6)No sooner had sb done sth than sb did.单句语法填空1.More efforts，as reported，_(make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply side structure reform.(2016江苏，22)2.Dashan，who _(learn) crosstalk，the Chinese comedic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up wit

29、h the Western stand-up tradition.(2016江苏，29)3.Jack_in the lab when the power cut occurred.(2016北京，21)4.Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars.We_ (wait) here for more than two hours.(2016北京，23) 针 对 训 练5.I_half of the English novel，and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.(2016北京，

30、25)6.Silk _(become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.(2016浙江，9)7.It was raining lightly when I _ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.(2015全国，61)8.If it _ (turn) cold again，theyll dive back down.But they come out again if it is warm.9.He _(look) for a house when h

31、e saw an advertisement in a newspaper one day.10.To the customers satisfaction，teas of the same high quality _ (serve) in each shop every day.答案1.will be made2.has been learning3.was working4.have been waiting5.have read6.had become7.arrived8.turns9.was looking10.are served .单句改错(每句仅1处错误)1.Lots of s

32、tudies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.2.Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the skythey were looked like rain!3.Tony was scared and begun to cry.4.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.5.As I tell you last time，I made

33、 three new friends here.6.Since thenfor all these yearswe had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.7.Before long，a train inspector comes to check our tickets.8.Besides，Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day.This morning she starts barking even before 5 oclock.9.The answer

34、sheet must cut from the newspaper and sent to China Daily before the deadline.10.In the past two and a half years，our school had organized many activities.答案1.去掉been2.去掉第二个were 3.begunbegan4.tellingtold5.telltold6.hadhave escame8.startsstarted9.must后加be 10.hadhas Mother Teresa was born in Yugoslavia

35、，on August 27，1910.She _1_(attend) the government school near her home until she was eighteen.At that time，some doctors and nurses from Yugoslavia _2_(work) in India，and they often wrote to the school about their work.She _3_(decide) to join them one day.When she left school，she first went to Britai

36、n；then a year later she _4_(go) to India，where she began to be trained to be a teacher.After training，she _5_(send) to Calcutta，where she taught geography at a school and soon after became headmistress (女校长).语篇填空(用所给词的正确时态、语态填空) However，while she loved teaching，in 1946 Mother Teresa left the school

37、and went to work in the poor parts of Calcutta.Later she _6_(train) to become a nurse in Patna，and then began her work helping the poor and comforting the dying in the streets of the city.Slowly，others came to help her，and her work _7_(spread) to other parts of India.Mother Teresa was a well-known p

38、erson forever.Many photos _8_(take) of her，as she travelled around the world to open new schools and hospitals in poor countries.In 1979，she _9_(give) the Nobel Prize for the lifetime of love and service she _10_(give) to the poor.答案1.attended2.were working3.decided4.went 5.was sent6.was trained7.spread8.were taken 9.was given10.had given