1、Words and expressions1、subway 地铁;地下人行道 (美)underground (英)2、elevator 电梯,升降机 (美)lift (英)3、petrol 汽油(英)gasoline gas (美)4、official adj 官方的;正式的;办公的n 政府官员,军官e.g. An important official will visit our school.5、voyage 航行 航海 航空指不论距离长短的海上,水上或者空中旅行Captain Cook went on a voyage around the world. 库克船长做了一次环球航海旅行。t
2、ravel 游历,观光 不强调具体的目的地,常指到国外的旅行If I had enough money, I would travel abroad and see the world.go on a voyage 去航行trip 旅行,远足 指短距离旅行,常指回到原出发地。We have a week for our trip to Beijing. 我们去北京的旅程有一个星期。tour 周游用于巡回的旅行,距离可长可短,常指访问一系列的地方后又回到原出发地。The group went on a tour around this island. 这个团周游了这个岛。6、conquer 征服
3、;占领7、because of 因为,由于because of 是介词短语,后面跟名词、代词、动名词或名词性从句。而because是连词,后面跟句子,引导原因状语从句。He came to work late because of getting up late.He came to work late because he got up late.他因为起床晚了,所以上班迟到了。8、native 本国的,本地的,本国人,本地人9、come up 走近,上来,提出come about come about 产生产生 come to come to 苏醒;共计苏醒;共计come outcome
4、out 出版;出现出版;出现 come on come on 赶快,快点;加油赶快,快点;加油come down come down 降落;跌落降落;跌落 come along come along 跟随跟随, ,跟着来跟着来come acrosscome across 偶遇,碰到偶遇,碰到come bycome by(为看望某人)作短暂拜访(为看望某人)作短暂拜访come truecome true 成为现实;证实成为现实;证实come up to come up to 达到,不辜负达到,不辜负come up with come up with 提出提出(答案、办法等)(答案、办法等)10、
5、apartment 公寓 美flat 英11、actually 实际上;事实上in fact in reality as a matter of fact12、AD 公元 BC 公元前13、base 以为根据;基础,基本be based on/ upon 以为基础,以为根据This film is based on/upon the fact. 这部电影是以事实为依据的。 at the base of 在的底部base sth on sth 把建立在上Dont base your happiness on otherspains.basebase与与basisbasis的区别:的区别:二者都有
6、二者都有“基础基础”的意思。的意思。basebase所指的所指的“基础基础”是具体的;是具体的;basisbasis所所指的指的“基础基础”是抽象的。是抽象的。the base of a buildingthe base of a building建筑物的根基建筑物的根基(基础,底部)(基础,底部)the economic basisthe economic basis经济基础经济基础on the basis of on the basis of 根据根据;以;以为基础为基础14、at present 现在,目前相当于at the present timepresent n 现在;礼物 adj
7、 现在的;出席的,在场的vt 给,赠送present sth to sb= present sb with sth 把某物赠送给某人15、gradual 逐渐的,逐步的 adjgradually adv16、enrich 使富裕 enable 使能够enlarge 扩大,放大en+名词 使有en+形容词 使entitle 使有权利,使有资格encourage 使有勇气,鼓励en+动词 有加强含义enforce 强制执行,强迫enlighten (en+照亮) 启蒙17、vocabulary 词汇,词汇量18、make use of 利用,使用相当于 take advantage of use
8、前可以用 good, the best, much, more, little, full 等表示成都的词修饰。You must make good use of this book. come into use 开始使用 put to use 使用,利用,投入使用 use up 用完 be of great use 很有用19、latter 较后的,(两者中的)后者的the latter 常与 the former 连用,构成短语the formerthe latter 前者后者Many people support the former idea, but personally I fav
9、or the latter. 很多人赞成前一种观点,但我个人喜欢后者。 later 是late的比较级,意为较后的。既可以做形容词,也可做副词。latter 指事物的先后,意为“后者” 只能做形容词20、identity 身份n identification identification card 身份证 简称ID cardv identify 识别,鉴别,验证21、fluent 流利的,流畅的adv fluently 22、 frequent 频繁的,常见的adv frequently 频繁地,常常23、 such assuch as : :“例如,诸如例如,诸如之类之类”,一,一般用来列举
10、同类人或物中的般用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子几个例子, asas后后面没有逗号面没有逗号He has been to He has been to manymany countries, such as countries, such as America, Canada and Germany.America, Canada and Germany.for examplefor example “ “例如例如”:列举同类事物中的:列举同类事物中的一一个例子个例子,在句中作插入语,可用于句首、句中、,在句中作插入语,可用于句首、句中、句末,需用逗号隔开。句末,需用逗号隔开。Many stud
11、ents have recitedMany students have recited(背诵)(背诵)the the passage. passage. For example,For example, Tom is one of them. Tom is one of them.24、 command command 命令,指令,掌握命令,指令,掌握at sb.s commandat sb.s command听某人支配听某人支配under ones commandunder ones command由由指挥指挥under the command of sb.under the command
12、 of sb.在在指挥之下指挥之下have (a) command ofhave (a) command of掌握;精通(尤指语言)掌握;精通(尤指语言)take command oftake command of控制控制(be) in command of(be) in command of掌握,控制掌握,控制Command sb to do sth Command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事命令某人做某事command that.(should) mand that.(should) do.命令命令2525、requestrequest请求,要求请求,要求 (1)make (
13、a) request for.(1)make (a) request for.请求;要求请求;要求at sb.s request=at the request of sb.at sb.s request=at the request of sb.应某人之要求应某人之要求by request (of)by request (of)照需要;依照请求;应邀照需要;依照请求;应邀(2 2)request sb.to do sth.request sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事请求某人做某事request that sb.(should) do sth.request that sb.(sho
14、uld) do sth.请求请求request sth.from/of sb.request sth.from/of sb.向某人请求某物向某人请求某物It is requested that.It is requested that.据要求据要求request, ask, demand, requirerequest, ask, demand, require(1)request(1)request意为意为“请求,要求请求,要求”,指正式或礼貌的请,指正式或礼貌的请求。通常用于希望别人做某事,语气比较委婉。求。通常用于希望别人做某事,语气比较委婉。She requested permissi
15、on to film at the White House.She requested permission to film at the White House.她申请准予在白宫拍摄。她申请准予在白宫拍摄。(2)ask(2)ask意为意为“请求请求”,指想从别人那里得到什么。其,指想从别人那里得到什么。其结构为结构为“ask sb.for sth.,ask sb.to do sth.ask sb.for sth.,ask sb.to do sth.”。He asked his mother for six dollars.He asked his mother for six dollars
16、.他向母亲要了他向母亲要了6 6美元。美元。Parents ask me to come back early after school.Parents ask me to come back early after school.父母要我放学后早点回家。父母要我放学后早点回家。(3)demand(3)demand意为意为“强烈要求强烈要求”,语气较重,含,语气较重,含“自己觉得有自己觉得有理由要求理由要求”的意思。后接名词或不定式作宾语,但不能接的意思。后接名词或不定式作宾语,但不能接不定式作宾补,可以接用虚拟语气的从句。不定式作宾补,可以接用虚拟语气的从句。The captain dema
17、nded to know what was going on.The captain demanded to know what was going on.上尉要求知道发生了什么事。上尉要求知道发生了什么事。She demanded that we (should) give her an immediate She demanded that we (should) give her an immediate answer.answer.她强烈要求我们立刻给她一个答复。她强烈要求我们立刻给她一个答复。(4)require(4)require意为意为“需要,要求需要,要求”,含,含“按照法规要
18、按照法规要求求”的意思。其后接用虚拟语气的从句,也可接不的意思。其后接用虚拟语气的从句,也可接不定式作宾补。定式作宾补。The city government requires that all the The city government requires that all the people (should) protect the environment.people (should) protect the environment.市政府要求人们保护环境。市政府要求人们保护环境。The city government requires the people to The city
19、government requires the people to keep the streets clean.keep the streets clean.市政府要求人们保持街道清洁。市政府要求人们保持街道清洁。26、expression 词语,表示,表达v express27、midwestern 中西部的eastern 东方的,东部的western 西方的,西部的southeastern 东南的northwestern 西北的28、play a part in 扮演角色play a role in Attitude plays an important part(role)in lea
20、rning English. 29、accent 口音,腔调30、lightning 闪电31、block 街区,木块,石块32、cab 出租车 (口语化)taxi 稍正式一点33、straight 直接,笔直 adj adv3333、recognize recognize 辨认出,承认,公认辨认出,承认,公认 (1)recognize sb./sth. (1)recognize sb./sth. by/fromby/from.根据根据认出认出某人某人/ /某事(物)某事(物) be recognized to be/as.be recognized to be/as.被认作被认作/被认为被认
21、为是是 This book is now recognized as a classic. This book is now recognized as a classic.这本书现在被公认为一部经典著作。这本书现在被公认为一部经典著作。It is recognized that.It is recognized that.人们公认人们公认(2 2)recognition n.recognition n.认识;认出认识;认出 out of/beyond recognitionout of/beyond recognition认不出来认不出来recognize, know, admit, rea
22、lizerecognize, know, admit, realize(1)recognize(1)recognize与与knowknow都有都有“认识认识”的含义。的含义。knowknow表示表示“认识认识”,可以用于人或物,以前可以认识,也可以,可以用于人或物,以前可以认识,也可以不认识,是一个延续性动词不认识,是一个延续性动词;recognize;recognize表示表示“认出认出”,只能用于原来就已经认识的人或事物,是一个非延续只能用于原来就已经认识的人或事物,是一个非延续性动词。性动词。(2)recognize(2)recognize与与admitadmit都有都有“承认承认”的含
23、义。但的含义。但admitadmit的对象一般是不对的或不光彩的事实;而的对象一般是不对的或不光彩的事实;而recognizerecognize多指多指“承认承认”某人或某物是合法的、有效的。某人或某物是合法的、有效的。(3)recognize(3)recognize与与realizerealize都有都有“意识到;认出意识到;认出”的含的含义,但义,但realizerealize强调无意中注意到,从而了解本质,强调无意中注意到,从而了解本质,明白事理;而明白事理;而recognizerecognize则强调从对记忆的搜索中辨则强调从对记忆的搜索中辨认出人、物、声音、方位等。认出人、物、声音、方位等。
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