牛津高中英语高一上ppt课件M2U1Grammar-and-usage.ppt

1、Present perfect tense & Present prefect continuous tense Lead-inLook at the following sentences and try to explain why the tense is used in these sentences.1. We have studied English for about five years.2. They have lived there since 1990.3. She hasnt finished her homework yet.4. Eric has just come

2、 back.5. How long have you been here?1. The form of the present perfect tense:We form the present perfect tense with have/has and the past participle of the verb.have (has) +过去分词过去分词Justin has disappeared, so Kelly is very sad.We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened in th

3、e recent past, but are connected to the present.Note:2. The uses of the present perfect tense:I have not seen Justin since last Friday night.We also use the present perfect tense to talk about something that started in the past and is still happening now.Note:I havent seen you for ages.He has just g

4、one out.It has been very cold lately.She has already finished her homework.He hasnt seen her since the meeting. Note: We use the present perfect tense when the exact time of an action is not clear or important.We use it with time expressions such as:already ever for just lately never recently since

5、yet We use already for affirmative statements, yet for negative statements.We use for + a period of time, since + a point in time. Note: We use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that were completed only a short time ago. He has just gone out.(= He went out a few minutes ago.)I have jus

6、t heard the news. (= Now I know the news.)Note: We can also use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, that is, we use the present perfect tense with the time expressions once/twice/three timese.g. They say that they have been to America many times.Look at the sentences and find the differe

7、nce:Tom has rung up three times this morning.Now it is still in the morning.Tom rang up three times this morning.Now it is not still in the morning.Actions occurring in an incomplete period might be indicated by today or this morning/afternoon/ evening/ week/ month/ year/ century or all day/night/we

8、ek, all the time, always etc.Note:Point out what tense or tenses are used in the sentences and the reasons why they are used. 1. We have studied English for about five years. We began to study it five years ago.2. They moved to the south in 1990 and have lived there since then.3. Eric left home last

9、 year and has just come back.4. They bought this house three years ago and they have lived here since then.5. My brother went to see my grandpa last week. He has visited him three times this month.1 _ you _ my pen? Yes, I _ it on your desk just now. (see)2 _ you _ dinner? Yes, I _ it with Mary. (hav

10、e)3 _ the postman _ yet this morning? _ the postman _ this morning? (come)HaveHavehadDidHaveComplete the sentences.seencomecomehadsawThe present perfect tense is normally used for an action which lasts throughout an incomplete period, but with the past simple tense, we use time expressions which a f

11、ixed point in the past.Note:e.g.Bill has smoked since he left school.He still smokes.Bill smoked for six months.It means that he stopped smoking then.Sometimes, however, the present perfect tense used for the action finishes at the time of speaking. e.g. It has been very cold lately but its just beg

12、inning to get warmer. On meeting someone, you may say: I havent seen you for ages. (But I see you now.) Note:Note:The present perfect tense used for a past action whose time is not definite and often has a result in the present.e.g. Tom has had a bad car crash.Hes probably still in hospital now.Tom

13、had a bad car crash.He is probably out of hospital now.(2) _ (3) _(4) _ (5) _(6) _ (7) _(8) _ (9) _(10) _ (11) _Answers for the diary:sawhas visited loves hasnt visitedhas seenhas never methas travelledhas foundhasnt foundHas, been Look at the sentences:Sorry. Have you been waiting long?I have been

14、waiting for an hour.PastOne hour agoPresentwaitingarrive1. The form of the present perfect continuous tense：We form the present perfect continuous tense with have/has been and the present participle of the verb.have (has) +been + doing2. The uses of the present perfect continuous tense:We sometimes

15、use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about actions that started in the past and are still continuing, or have just finished but are still connected to the present in some way.Answers of Dr Franks website:(2) _ (3) _(4)_ (5) _ (6) _have been talkinghave been talkinghave been studyinghave

16、seenhave been writingPresent perfect or present perfect continuous tense?She is still reading the book.Li Jia has been reading a book about Stonehenge.Li Jia has read a book about Stonehenge.She finished reading the book. She knows the content of the book now.Note:We use the present perfect tense to

17、 talk about an action completed in the recent past, and the present prefect continuous tense for an action that started in the past and is still happening.I have visited Egypt twice this month.I have been touring Egypt for two months.Note: The present perfect continuous tense cant be used with time

18、expressions such as twice or how many times, because in this tense the action is continuous, not stopped and started again. We can use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, and the present perfect continuous tense for non-stop actions.How many times have you swum in the lake?How long have

19、you been swimming in the lake?Note: We usually use the present perfect tense to ask questions beginning with how many/much, and the present perfect continuous tense to ask questions beginning with how long.A state verb or an action verb?1. I have had this camera for five years. 2. I have taken photo

20、s of UFOs with this camera. 3. I have been taking photos of UFOs with this camera. state verbaction verbstate verbAn action means something happening or changing. A state means something staying the same. Some examples of action verbs are do, go, and play. Some examples of state verbs are like, know

21、 and exist.Note: We can use either a state verb or an action with the present perfect tense, but we usually can only use an action verb with the present perfect continuous tense. A state verb doesnt mean an action, so it cant be used in a continuous tense.e.g.Theyve always had a big garden.How long

22、have you known each other?Hes been in hospital since his accident.Ive already been to Paris.Ive never visited Paris.Note:We use the present perfect tense, not the present perfect continuous tense, with the words like always, never, yet, already and ever.How long have you been learning English?How lo

23、ng have you learnt English?It has been raining for a long time.It has rained for a long time.Note: An action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only just finished can, with certain verbs, be expressed by either the present perfect or present perfect continuous. Verbs which can be

24、 used in this way include expect, hope, learn, lie, live, sleep, sit, study, wait, want, snow, etc. Practice Make up dialogues with the present perfect tense and the present perfect continuous tense.Answers of part A on page 11: (1) _ (2) _(3) _ (4) _(5) _ (6) _(7) _ (8) _(9) _ (10) _(11) _heardbeen

25、 doingbeen researchingdonestartedachievedreadfoundstartedbeen drawingbeen making1. He has been waiting at a bus stop in a city.2. They have been travelling in a UFO. It looks like a saucer.Sample answers on page 11 part B:3. They probably have talked to animals or plants on Earth as well as creature

26、s on other plants.4. They have visited Mars, Venus, Jupiter and some other planets.Exercises1. Im sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you want to return on September 20? Sorry, I _ myself clear. We want to return on October 20. A. hadnt made B. wouldnt make C. dont make D. havent made2.

27、Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns. A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised3. Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she _ since her marriage to father. A. shoulders B. shouldered C. is sho

28、uldering D. has been shouldering4. The book has been translated into thirty language since it _ on the market in 1973. A. had come B. has come C. came D. comes5. Im tired out. I _ all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything.A. shopped B. have shoppedC. had shopped D. have been shoppingHomework 1. Finish Part C1 and C2 on page 88 in Workbook. 2. Review Task part.