中考英语复习策略(基本技巧运用)PPT课件.ppt

1、中考英语复习策略 基本技巧运用听力解题思路（一）n第一类题是听句子，选出与句意相符的图画。此类句子一般从两个角度去描述图意。一是直接描绘画面。如画中一女孩在做作业，墙上挂钟示意九点钟。句子为, “Lily did her homework until 9 o clock yesterday.”另一种是你所听到的句子是画中某个人物所说的话，需要确定此话是在什么场合所说。然后再去寻找图画的背景提示以找到相应的答案。如所听到的句子为:“Dont speak loudly in the reading room.很明显，这句话是在阅览室中所说，因此需要找到由阅览室作为背景或提示的图画。听力解题思路（二

2、）n第二大题是根据你所听到的对话和问题选择最恰当的答案。做此项题目时，我们建议在听对话前先快速扫视一下A、B、C、D四个选项，以便有的放矢地去获取有效信息。如四个选项全是以钟点表示的时间，你就应该把注意力集中到时间上去，并在听的时候在选项边记上一些必要的提示。因为对话内容会涉及到不同的任务，在不同的时间干不同的事情，有时候还要稍稍计算一下，如果不作必要记录，可能会造成遗忘或差错。从以往的题目内容看，四个选项可能涉及到职业（老师，驾驶员，打字员，医生，护士等）；地点（在商店，图书馆，游泳池，某某城市等）；数字（电话号码，价格，时间，人数，年龄等）；干什么（已经，将，正在做）；颜色（红，黄，白等）

3、；谁的物品（汤姆的，电影票，礼物等）；某某人怎么了（去北京了，生病了，住院了，很痛苦，等）买什么（花，礼物，字典、自行车，等）；使用什么交通工具（坐火车，飞机，汽车等）。如果我们平时有意识地加强这方面的训练，这类题目是完全可以得满分的。听力解题思路（三）n 第三大题是根据你所听到的短文判断句子是否符合短文内容。该题的判断句往往不是一个层次的。有的与原文句子完全相同，或明显不同，这在听第一遍时就可以试着写上答案而有些句子在结构上与原文不一样，却表达相同的意思（即同义改写过的句子）。这就需要我们转个弯，不要轻易写上“F”。还有的句子看似与原文很相近，但由于一些关键的词不一样就需要我们十分仔细，不要

4、急于写个“T。最难判断的是对整篇文章内容的概括性句子，有的文章还用幽默的结束语将前后文内容颠倒过来，因此我们不但要听懂全文，还要理解全文的含义。听力解题思路（四）n 第四大题是听短文后在句子挖空处填上所听到的信息，主要考查学生获取信息和处理信息的能力。做本题之前应先看一下7句句子涉及到的有些什么内容，这样可以预先暗示自己在听短文时该注意什么是重要信息，什么是次要信息。其次，在填写单词时要注意所填单词的大小写形式和词性应该与句中已给的内容保持一致。对于数字信息可以用阿拉伯数字表示，以节约书写的时间。选择填空n 选择填空是由一个题干和A，B，C对四个选项构成的。选项中只有一个正确的答案，其他有的是

5、绝对错误的，当然也有的是干扰项。选择填空题型灵活，考查知识面广，能比较全面地测试学生对英语基础知识的掌握和基本技能的运用情况，对培养学生的分析、辨别以至应变能力有重要意义，是多年来中考的基础测试题。这种题型往往考查初中阶段所学的英语语法和句法，如冠词、名词、代词、数词、介词、形容词、副词、动词、感叹词、疑问词、连词、不定式、宾语从句、状语从句以及常用单词和词组辨析等方面的知识。其考查重点在于基础语法、基本词汇、习惯用语等的掌握和运用。选择填空解题技巧n 在做这种题型的题目时，不要凭感觉乱猜，一句了事。对考查的各个选项，一定要勤于思考，依靠平时积累的语言和语法知识，根据上下文来选择一个正确的答案

6、。必须指出的是，有的学生在没有读完整句句子的时候就填上答案，这是不科学的答题方式。因为有些句子如果看到一半，B可能是对的，但读完全句后，则可能是D了。 如：I want to know_ mother has put the little presents round the Christmas tree. A) that B) where C) when D) whether 请你把此题的答案写在空格内，然后看下面的分析。 l、读到空格，会觉得是A，因为Iwant to know that似乎很顺口；2、读到the little presents，感觉意思是把小礼品放在哪里,B好像对；3、读

7、完全句，似乎有“什么时候放”的意思，故C好像也对；4、但空格后的动词时态是现在完成时，填C就不行了。所以正确答案只能是D，意为 “母亲是否已经把小礼物放（挂）在圣诞树上了”。 做这类题目时应该仔细谨慎，并不断吸取经验教训，惟有这样才能为逐步提高选择填空题目的正确率打下扎实的基础。， 词性转换基础知识nl）动词后加 er；or；tion；等可以变成名词，如：sing一singer；dance一dancer；inventinventor；pollutepollutionn2）动词后加ing；ed；等可以变成形容词，如:interest一interesting；surprise-surprised；

8、woundwounded；freeze-frozen。n3）名词后加y；ly；ful；able等可以变成形容词，如health一healthy；cloud一cloudy；sun一sunny; day-daily; friend-friendly; hope-hopeful; wonder-wonderful; change-changeablen4）形容词后加 ly可以变成副词，如：bad一badly；careful一carefully；easy一easily。n5）名词后加 ist可以变成名词，如：science一scientist；art一arist。n6）形容词后加ness可以变成名词，

9、如山happy一happiness；kind一kindness。n7）有些词前加 un；dis等可以变成否定意思，如：happy一unhappy；corrected-uncorrected；appear-disappear；cover-discover。n 8)有些代词，数词等的特殊转换，如：we一us一ouroursourselves；one一first一firstly； two-second-secondly；twelvetwelfth；womanwomen；tooth-teeth。词性转换答题技能n 一、首先根据空格前后的单词和意思确定空格中应使用哪种词性的形式。n 二、在正式填人单词前

10、，看清楚整句句子的意思，名词要注意单复数；形容词、副词要注意比较级、最高级；动词要注意时态；代词要注意主格、宾格、所有格和反身代词。否则，即便你填对了词性，但句子意思仍然不通。n 三、填完你所认为正确的单词后，通读一遍全句，看看意思是否通顺，逻辑是否合理。现在请你用care的不同词性填入下列各句。 考核学生在真实语境中对词汇的理解和运用的能力，侧重词汇意思的考核。注意：1）通读短文，了解文章大意;2）推敲词性，在所给词语中寻找同词性的词语，缩小选择的范围，然后根据文章意思，排除干扰词汇，选出准确词汇；3）全部填好后再通读全文，检查全文意思是否流畅，词性是否符合句子结构。九选八词性词性词意词意选

11、出正确词语选出正确词语 A headmaster is giving a speech about how to perform successfully in an interview to a new school. Interviews are held so that you can learn about the school and the school can learn about you. You should spend a couple of hours getting ready for the interview carefully. Then you will 1_

12、 understand your questions better and get right answers on the day of the interview. First find out about the school. Read the school introductions and look at the school websites. Then think about yourselfyour strong points and _ 2_ ones. Try to find a few examples you could give the interviewers.

13、E. possiblyA. weakA. weak B. break C. confident D. at the end of E. possibly F. breath G. do well in H. hobbies I. politelyI. politelyC. confident What else you want to tell the interviewer about yourself? For example, you might want to speak about your interests and _ 3_ outside school. These tell

14、the interviewer what kind of person you are. Be ready to talk about why you enjoy them.Dress properly on the day. Arrive a few minutes early. When you first meet the interviewer, greet him or her_ 4 . Dont forget to smile and make eye contact. First impressions (印象印象) are very important. You want th

15、e interviewer to think you are _ 5 and friendly. A. weak B. break C. confident D. at the end of E. possibly F. breath G. do well in H. hobbies I. politelyI. politelyC. confidentH. hobbiesF. breathE. possiblyA. weak If you get nervous, take a deep _ 6 to calm yourself down. Listen to the interviewer

16、with great care. If you dont understand the question, ask the interviewer to repeat it. Last but not least, _ 7 the interview, dont forget to thank the interviewer and say goodbye.Im sure that you will _ 8 _ your interviews. Best of luck, boys and girls!F. breathD. At the end ofG. do well inA. weak

17、B. break C. confident D. at the end ofE. possibly F. breath G. do well in H. hobbies I. politelyH. hobbiesG. do well in A.strange B. airport C. children D. look forward to E. at first F. downstairs G. wrong H. differently I. deliver When I was sixteen years old, I made my first visit to the United S

18、tates. It wasnt the first time I had been abroad. Like most English _51_, I learned French at school. And I had often been to France, so I was used to speaking a foreign language to people who didnt understand French. But when I went to America I was really looking forward to having a nice easy holi

19、day without any language problem.How _53_ I was! The misunderstanding began at the airport. I was looking for a public telephone to give my American friend Danny a call and tell her that I had arrived. A friendly old man saw me looking lost and asked if he could help meA. wrongG. strange是否符合是否符合上上下文

20、下文意思？意思？A. followed B. returning C. mind D. Unluckily E. keeping F. except G. sure H. as I. recognizenI was on the walk alone yesterday when I found a mobile phone lying under the bench of the park. I picked it up and it still worked! I looked around the park, only to find nobody 51_myself.nMy mothe

21、rs words “Be honest” came to my 52_. I looked through the contact list and called some numbers to see if I could find whose phone it was. 53_, only one person answered but she didnt 54_the number I was calling from. She just said, “It is so nice that you are trying to find out whose phone it is.” I

22、decided to sit on the bench under which I found the mobile phone and waited for some time. D. Unluckily,C. mind I. recognize词性词性是否用对了？是否用对了？建议的基础训练n在小段落中训练，帮助学生理解“上下文意思连贯”firstfavouriteIt can be a lot of work to adopt an animal, but it is also a lot of fun. Mollie Lesser, 18, of Chicago, US, recentl

23、y adopted a little dog named Bart. Bart is not Lessers 1 dog. The family had another dog that passed away over the summer. They adopted 6-month-old Bart last autumn. Finallyeasilycarefullyterribly阅读理解解题思路n阅读理解能力的提高是学习英语的重要环节，通过阅读我们能获得大量的语言材料，大大增强语感，为掌握和运用语言打下扎实的基础。n阅读理解是集语法、词汇、逻辑推理、背景知识于一体的综合语言能力的测试

24、，检测学生从阅读中获取信息的能力及理解问题的准确程度。近年中考英语的阅读理解题都是从原版书或杂志上节选的，题材丰富，体裁各异，有报道、有故事、有评论、有科普文章、还有旅游广告等。阅读文章的体例 n一般有说明文和记叙文，对说明文，要抓住文章所提供的信息作出分析、判断或选择，然后作出结论；对于记叙文，应力求弄请文中提及的人或物、时间、地点、事件和原因等要点，总结全文的中心思想。解题方法n做阅读理解首先要通读全文，掌握主题和大意，然后有针对性地重读，为每一小题寻找文章中对应的句子、语段或暗示。对深层次的题目需要对全文有整体的理解，要注意各种不同文体的特点：说明文和科普文章的句首常为主题句；记叙文多在

25、句首交代故事的时间、地点、人物等；对于幽默故事要仔细推敲末句，从中品味出幽默所在 。例一：判断是非题nMary is going to be eight next Wednesday. There will be a birthday party then and she has asked many of her friends to come. Last night she asked her parents what birthday present they would give her. They smiled but didnt tell her. Her father said,

26、 I am sorry we cant tell you now. But you will certainly like it very much. Wait until next Wednesday.题目n( ) 1. Mary is eight years old now.n( ) 2. Three or four friends of hers will come to her party.n( ) 3. Her parents have given her a birthday present.n( ) 4. She doesnt know what the present is n

27、ow.分析n第一题与第一句意义不一致。n第二题 Three or four friends of hers与文中 many of her friends不一致。n第三题用的是现在完成时，表示她父母已经把礼物给了她，而文中，她父亲要她 Wait until next Wednesday.显然应是“F”。n第四题与文中Mary父亲说的话一致，答案应是“T”。例二：选择题nA dog thought he could run the fastest of all the animals in the village. At least the cat couldnt run as fast as h

28、e. One day he was walking proudly behind a house when a big wolf suddenly stood in front of him. The dog thought the wolf would eat him up if he fought with the big wolf, so he turned and ran as fast as he could. At first he was sure he could run faster than the wolf, but when he looked back, he saw

29、 the wolfs mouth just behind his tail. Just then a stone fell right on the wolfs head. He looked up and saw a cat sitting in the tree, smiling. Now the dog was able to run and hide himself in a safe place.题目n( ) 1. What did the dog do when one day he met a big wolf? A. He fought with the wolf. B. He

30、 ran as fast as he could. C. He and the wolf had a race. D. He played with wolf.n( ) 2. The wolf _ the dog. A. ran as fast as B. didnt run as fast as C. ran faster than D. ran more slowly thann( ) 3. What happened at last? A. The cat saved the dog. B. The dog saved himself. C.A stone killed the wolf

31、. D. The wolf ate up the cat.分析n文中当狗看到狼的时候， The dog thought the wolf would eat him up if he fought with the big wolf, so he turned and ran as fast as he could. 所以第一题应当选B。n狗在逃的时候，发现the wolfs mouth just behind his tail, 就是说狼的嘴巴就要咬到它的尾巴了。所以狼比狗跑得快。 所以应选C。n最后，狼的头上挨了一块石头，He looked up and saw a cat sitting

32、 in the tree, smiling. 说明石头就是猫扔下去的。所以是猫救了狗， 答案应该是A。例三：回答问题nHelen Keller lived in the U.S.A. She was a great woman.When Helen was a baby of 19 months old, she got very sick. After many weeks, the doctor said,“She is better, but now she cant see and she cant hear.” Her mother and father were very sad.

33、After a few years, things got worse. There was no way for Helen to speak to other people. She heard nothing. She saw nothing. She didnt understand anything.nThen one day a teacher came to live with Helen and her family. The teacher helped Helen learn about words. Helen was a very bright child and so

34、on she learned to spellher first word. When she was older, she went to college.Helen was very famous. She helped many blind and deaf（盲、聋）people. She traveled around the world and helped many people.Helen was a very old woman when she died. Her hard work and her courage have made people in all countr

35、ies love her. The world remembers her today as a brave and wonderful person. She was blind and deaf, but she found a way to see and hear.题目 1. When did Helen Keller get very sick? 2. Who taught Helen Keller her first word? 3. Why was Helen Keller famous all over the world? 4. What has made people in

36、 all countries love her? 5. What does the last sentence she found a way to see and hear mean? 分析n第一题根据原文When Helen was a babyof 19 months old, she got very sick.回答。n第二题根据原文The teacher helped Helen learn about words. Helen was a very bright child and soon she learned to spell her first word.就可以确定是她的老

37、师教了她第一个单词。n第三题根据原文Helen was very famous. She helped many blind and deaf people. She traveled around the world and helped many people. 可知海伦周游世界的目的是为了帮助人们。作为一个盲人和聋子，她学会读书写字是够伟大的，而她学会后帮助了人们，更见其伟大，由此可见她出名的原因是乐于帮助别人。n第四题根据原文Her hard work and her courage have made people in all countries love her. 回答。n第五题

38、需根据对全文的理解来回答，海伦的一生展示了什么？她又聋又瞎，但找到了一条认识世界的通道。她能做明眼人所能做的一切，她比一些明眼人更能看清世界，她的一生更体现了人活在世界上的意义。 完形填空解题思路n完形填空题具有综合性的检测功能，从其外显功能来说，它可以检测词汇、词法、句法、句式等语言知识及运用，从其隐性功能来说，它可以检测学生的理解、联想、判断、推理等方面的思维能力。这些也就是完形填空题的检测目标，因此该题型往往为满足中考选拔功能部分所需的区分度而设计。n完形填空题考查学生对语言的整体理解和综合运用能力，它不仅考查正确运用词汇、语法等各方面的知识，而且要求正确理解阅读材料，并要求有较好的语感

39、，甚至有各种丰富的知识，才能正确判断。它涉及的知识面广，综合性强，灵活度高，覆盖面大，难度在整个试卷中也最大。学生既要牢固掌握基础知识，又要具有一定的观察、分析、判断、推理能力，并掌握一定的解题技巧，才能做好此题。解题方法 n(1) 先快速通览全文，尽量看懂文章大意，把握文章的时态变化。n(2) 再根据词组搭配或习惯用法完成一些较容易的填空。n(3) 然后仔细重读全文，根据句子的语法结构，判断所需单词的词类，并注意一些单词的词形变化，完成一些填空。n(4) 通过上下文意思，找出关键词语，从语法、搭配、惯用法、逻辑推理常识等方面去推敲，解决剩余的空格。n(5) 最后应该再仔细通读全文，以检查填空

40、后的文章是否通顺流畅，意思连贯，主题明确，时态正确。例一：四选一nOn my neighbours door is a group of charts (图表). She rewards or (1)_ her three children according to (2)_. These charts include (3)_ things that (4)_ to do, such as making beds, cleaning their rooms, and (5)_ their homework. (6)_ a child does what he is expected to d

41、o, he gets a star, and when he doesnt do his (7)_, he gets a sad face. (8)_ the end of the week, (9)_ the stars and sad faces are added up, and the childrens weekly rewards (10)_ in the form of money. What do you think of that.n 题目n( ) 1. A. praises B. educates C. helps D. punishesn( ) 2. A. them B.

42、 theirs C. it D. onesn( ) 3. A. a number of B. the number of C. a great deal ofD. a lotn( ) 4. A. should B. mustC. oughtD. cann( ) 5. A. do B. didC. doesD. doingn( ) 6. A. Though B. That C. Even D. Whenevern( ) 7. A. housework B. bestC. homeworkD. cleaningn( ) 8. A. AtB. Since C. InD. Onn( ) 9. A. n

43、eitherB. either C. bothD. betweenn( ) 10. A. giveB. are giving C. giving D. are given分析（一）n第1题选择rewards的反义动词punishes表示“惩罚”。n第2题指代上文提到的 a group of charts，应该用复数代词them。n第3题选择a number of修饰可数名词，而the number of表示“数目”，a great deal of后面只可接不可数名词，a lot只用作状语。n第4题所给的选择答案中，只有ought这个情态动词必须与to连用，其余几个情态动词should, mus

44、t, can后面都应接动词原形。n第5题根据上文making beds, cleaning their rooms可确定选答案D. doing their homework，与前面的动词形式保持一致。分析（二）n第6题应考虑选择合适的引导状语从句的连接词，根据句意“无论何时，孩子按要求做了他应该做的事，他就得到一颗星”，确定答案D正确。n第7题所给的四个选项似乎用在此句中都可以，这时应考虑do ones housework / homework / cleaning都表示某个具体事情，而do ones best表示“尽最大努力”，可以包括其余三个词语的意义，故选B。n第8题中介词at构成短语a

45、t the end of the week“在一周末”。n第9题的四个选项中，只有both可以和an搭配，其他都不符合句意，故选项C正确。n最后一句的意思是“孩子们一周的奖金就这样给他们。”“奖金”与“给予”有被动意义，所以选择D项。例二：完型填空nEvery day standing at my information desk, I have to answer l_ of questions of the travellers coming from all o_ the world. People may a_ the strangest things sometimes. Im of

46、ten surprised at the different questions that people ask.nMy job is o_ to give information about bus and underground railway routes (路线) in the city. Of course, travellers always have questions a_ the best ways to get to some interesting places. But quite often people are interested to know the name

47、s of the best hotels or restaurants. Others like to know about museums, hospitals or schools. Once a man w_ me to take care of his dog and a_ time a woman asked me to watch her seven children!nI love my job t_ I am always busy.分析（一）n(1) 短文的第一句点明了作者的工作是车站的问询员，每天得回答来自世界各地的旅客提出的许多问题。修饰可数的复数名词questions可

48、用many, a lot of或lots of，这里根据搭配填lots。n(2) all over the world 意思是throughout the world (遍及全世界)，是固定词组。n(3) 根据下文Im often surprised at the different questions that people ask.可知这里应该填ask。n(4) 此空不填不影响句意：“我的工作是提供城市公交和地铁线路的信息。”因此可以从语义上考虑：“我的工作仅仅是提供城市公交和地铁线路的信息。”以字母o开头，表示“仅仅”应该填only。分析（二）n(5) questions about s

49、th. 表示“有关. .问题”。n(6) 表达句意“想要某人做某事”以下几种搭配：ask sb. to do sth. / tell sb. to do sth. / want sb. to do sth. 这里所给的首字母是w，所以填wanted。要注意，叙述以前曾发生过的事，应该用一般过去时。n(7) 表达“一次. . 另一次. .”英语是Once . another time .。n(8) 最后一句的前后两部分有转折意味，所以填连词though。这句话也可以表达成：I am always busy, but I love my job. 注意：英语中连词though和but不能在一个句子

50、中同时使用。如：“尽管他年纪大了，但他仍旧在工作。”可以译作：Though he is old, he is still working. 或He is old but he is still working.分析（三）n在做短文填空题时，要注意词语的搭配和句子结构的搭配。如：so . that, so . as to, such . as, such . that, It is . since., It is . that ., It is not long before ., It takes sb. time to do sth., sb. spends time / money on