大学英语词汇讲座课件.ppt

1、CETQi Yuanfang 大学英语词汇讲座大学英语词汇讲座A Lecture on Vocabulary. .Dirty old river, must you keep rolling Flowing into the night. People so busy, makes me feel dizzy Taxi light shines so bright But I dont need no friends As long as I gaze at waterloo sunset I am in paradiseEvery day I look at the world from m

2、y window But chilly, chilly is the evening time Waterloo sunsets fine.Terry meets Julie, waterloo station Every Friday night But I am so lazy, I dont want to wander I stay at home at night But I dont feel afraid As long as I gaze at waterloo sunset I am in paradiseEvery day I look at the world from

3、my window But chilly, chilly is the evening time Waterloo sunsets fine.Millions of people swarming like flies round waterloo underground But Terry and Julie cross over the river Where they are feeling safe and sound And they dont need no friends As long as they gaze at waterloo sunset They are in pa

4、radise.City of LondonClick here. .From being unfamiliar to familiar orFrom being unknown to knownWhat is the process or what is the effective process? input -comprehensible - intake - inter-language - competence - output - interaction. .1. 形象记忆法avarice - a a v rice2. 倒向记忆法way - yaw; live - evil - de

5、vil3. 音似记忆法robust (老不死- 强壮)barren (白白做人- 不生育的, 不孕的, 贫瘠的)bachelor (白吃了,老婆找不到-单身汉)4. 分类记忆法assume resume consume presumeassure ensure insureconstrain restrain refrainVocabulary. .5. 熟词合成法 dignify converse constraint confer rectify priority inferiority priority minority certify justify persuasion harmon

6、ize prosper justify confinement assumption consumption precaution6. 联想记忆法 clearly apparently evidently obviously (CET4) conspicuously(CET6)7. 词根及前后缀记忆法 tract = pull contractextract subtract abstract distractVocabulary Learning. .1.The government has a policy of _the public awareness of the dangers i

7、n smoking.vA. fosteringB. perceivingvC. conceiving D. visualizing 2.The medical examination before you start work or enter a university is _.vA. forbiddenB. optionalvC. obligatoryD. submissive词汇练习词汇练习. .3.Too many abstract statements made his paper very _to me.vA. gloomyB. tediousvC. graciousD. awkw

8、ard4.There is a good arts coverage in the newspaper but not much political _.vA. definitionB. descriptionvC. interpretationD. commentary5.As he was attacked, he managed to _to the phone and call for help.vA. strandB. stridevC. slideD. stagger. .6.The two things are the same in outward form but diffe

9、rent _.vA. in privateB. in realityvC. in essence D. in public7.Mr. Green has been living in town for only one year, yet she seems to be _with everyone who comes to the store.vA. inquiredB. requiredvC. acquired D. acquainted8.I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a _character.vA

10、. graciousB. suspiciousvC. uniqueD. particular. .9.Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this _produces artificial cold surrounding it.vA. absorptionB. transitionvC. consumptionD. interaction10. I didnt say anything like that at all. You are purposely _m

11、y ideas to prove your point.vA. revisingB. contradictingvC. distortingD. distracting11. I _with thanks the help of my colleagues in the preparation of this new column.vA. admit B. confessvC. concedeD. acknowledge. .12. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must _the quali

12、ties and varieties of products we make to the world-market demand.vA. improveB. enhancevC. nourishD. gear13. We get milk on _days because it is not delivered every day.vA. alternateB. alternativevC. alterableD. changing14. An extra part was added to the house in 1950, which spoilt the _of its front.

13、vA. symmetryB. synthesisvC. symptomD. symphony15. If you know what the trouble is, why dont you help them to _the situation?vA. simplifyB. modifyvC. verifyD. rectify. .Key Vocabulary to CET 61.contend _compete; argue 竞争, 主张The official in the tax office contended that the shopkeeper was innocent.税务所

14、的官员认为该店主是无罪的。2. proposition _proposal; suggestion; 主张, 建议, 须处理的人或事Finding an affordable apartment will be a difficult proposition.要找到一间付得起的公寓是件难事。3. prosecute _ (prosecution)(sb for sth) accuse (of); charge (with), 告发, 起诉 He was prosecuted for robbery.他因抢劫而被起诉。. .4.concede _admit, confess, acknowled

15、ge; yield 勉强勉强, 承认承认, 退让退让The Liberal Democratic Party conceded defeat as soon as the election results were known.大选结果一揭晓大选结果一揭晓,自由民主党只好承认失败。自由民主党只好承认失败。5.disperse _separate; scatter (使使)分散分散, (使使)散开散开, 疏散疏散A gust of wind dispersed the smoke from the stove.一阵风把炉子里产生的烟吹散了。一阵风把炉子里产生的烟吹散了。6. dissipate

16、_disappear; waste 驱散驱散, (使使)(云、雾、疑虑等云、雾、疑虑等), 浪费浪费Francis dissipated his large fortune inherited from his grandfather in a few years.弗朗西斯在几年里就把他从祖父那里继承下来的一大笔财产挥弗朗西斯在几年里就把他从祖父那里继承下来的一大笔财产挥霍光了。霍光了。. .7.hypothesis _assumption 假设假设This is only a sort of scientific hypothesis which has not been proved by

17、 experiments这仅仅是一个尚未被实验证明的科学假说。这仅仅是一个尚未被实验证明的科学假说。8.liability _disadvantage 责任责任, 义务义务, 债务债务, 与与assets相对相对The business failed because its assets were not so great as its liabilities.这家商行因资不抵债而倒闭。这家商行因资不抵债而倒闭。9. discern _recognize; identify; perceive 目睹目睹, 认识认识, 洞悉洞悉, 辨别辨别It was so dark outside that

18、he was just able to discern the road in the dark.外面一片漆黑他在黑暗中勉强能分辨出道路。外面一片漆黑他在黑暗中勉强能分辨出道路。. .10.nominate _appoint; designate 提名提名, 推荐推荐, 任命任命, 命名命名He was nominated (as) Ministor of Finance.他被任命为财政部长。他被任命为财政部长。11.turbulent _riotous; disorderly 狂暴的狂暴的, 吵闹的吵闹的Cultural revolution was a turbulent period i

19、n history.文化大革命是历史上的动荡时期文化大革命是历史上的动荡时期 . .12. extravagant _luxurious; excessive 奢侈的, 浪费的, 放纵的Shes very extravagant she spends all her money on clothes.她很奢侈，花掉了所有的钱来买衣服。13. pretext _excuse, on of 借口, 托辞He left early on the pretext that he had a bad toothache and had to see the dentist.他早退的藉口是他牙疼得厉害,得

20、去看牙科医生。. .14. scrutiny _inspection; investigation 详细审查详细审查His work looks all right, but it will not bear scrutiny.他的工作似乎很好他的工作似乎很好, 但是经不起仔细检查。但是经不起仔细检查。15. prestigious _famous; eminent 享有声望的享有声望的, 声望很高的声望很高的Beijing university is a prestigious university in China16. undermine _weaken; ruin 破坏破坏Late h

21、ours can undermine ones health.晚睡能损害健康。晚睡能损害健康。. .17. intimidate _threaten; frighten 威胁，胁迫威胁，胁迫He said he would never be intimidated by big names and authorities.他说他决不会被名人、权威所吓倒。他说他决不会被名人、权威所吓倒。18. predominantly _mainly; chiefly统治统治, 成为主流成为主流, 支配支配, 占优势占优势the predominant feature of sb.s character某人性

22、格的主要特征某人性格的主要特征19. intricate _complex; complicated复杂的复杂的, 错综的错综的, 难以理解的难以理解的This is an intricate problem, which needs time to deal with. .20. destine _doom注定注定, 预定预定They destined him for the navy.他们指定他去海军。他们指定他去海军。21. provoke _irritate激怒激怒, 挑拨挑拨, 煽动煽动, 惹起惹起, 驱使驱使Mind you. That dog is very dangerous

23、when provoked.当心当心,那条狗被激怒时是很危险的。那条狗被激怒时是很危险的。22. jeopardize _endanger; risk; injure危害危害The disagreement over the trade could seriously jeopardize relations between two nations. .23. perplex _confuse, puzzle困惑The disease has continued to perplex doctors and public health workers.24. permeate _penetra

24、te弥漫, 渗透, 透过, 充满Our thinking is permeated by our historical myths.我们的历史神话渗透着我们的思想。25. allege _claim; declare宣称, 断言The police allege that the man was murdered but they have given no proof.警方声称这男子是被人谋杀的,但未提出任何证据。. .26. depict _portray描述, 描写Many people were shocked by the advertisement which depicted a

25、 man suffering from AIDS. 27. manifest _demonstrate; show显示，出现，表明, 证明The contradiction manifested itself in the employment situation.在就业问题上矛盾暴露了。28. contaminate _pollute污染Dont be contaminated by bureaucratism.不要沾染官僚主义作风。. .29. detain _arrest; delay拘留, 留住, 阻止The police detained several suspects for q

26、uestioning. The disruptive students were detained after school until their parents had been notified.警察拘留了许多疑犯进行审问，捣乱的学生在放学后被拘禁了，直到通知他们的家长。30. rigorous _ 严酷的severe; painfulrigor- 严酷的He deserves to be punished with the rigor of the law.他该受到法律的严惩。31. evoke _arouse, remind唤起, 引起, 博得The newly published

27、review on the book has evoked much controversy.这篇新发表的关于书评引起了很多争论。. .32. subtle _slight狡猾的狡猾的, 敏感的敏感的, 微妙的微妙的, 精细的精细的, 稀薄的稀薄的subtle smiles resulting from subjectively humorous experiences 来自于个人幽默的经验所发出的微笑。来自于个人幽默的经验所发出的微笑。33. adverse _unfavorable不利的不利的, 敌对的敌对的, 相反的相反的Adverse circumstances compelled h

28、im to close his business.生意不景气生意不景气,迫使他不得不停业。迫使他不得不停业。34. salvation _rescue 拯救拯救, 救助，解脱救助，解脱Government loans have been the salvation of several shaky business companies.政府贷款挽救了几家濒临倒闭的公司。政府贷款挽救了几家濒临倒闭的公司。. .35. withhold _refuse; stop使停止, 拒给, 保留, 抑制to withhold the money把钱留住（不给别人）36. scramble _climb; c

29、ompete (scramble up a steep hillside; scramble for power)攀登, 搅乱, 使混杂The children scrambled up the hill.孩子们爬上这座小山。37. agony _angry; suffering (intolerable agony) 苦恼, 极大的痛苦The wounded man was in agony.受伤的人很痛苦。. .38. aggravate _worsen; intensify使恶化, 加重If he aggravates me any more I shall punish him.如果他

30、再惹我生气,我就要惩罚他。39. curb _control ( inflation)控制High interest rates put a curb on spending.高利率抑制了消费。40. bias _prejudice (towards or against)偏见, 偏爱, 斜线His birth background biases him against businessmen.他出生的家庭背景使他对商人抱有偏见。. .41. obscure _vague; unclear暗的, 朦胧的, 模糊的vt. 使暗, 使不明显Smog obscured our view.烟雾模糊了我

31、们的视野。42. batter _shatter; smash打坏, 猛击While the battered car was moving away, Roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police.在这辆被撞坏的车开走的时候,罗伊把车停了下来,打电话给警察局。43. charter _authorize; rent; hire租, 包(船、车等)；n. 宪章a chartered plane (一架包租的飞机). .44. militant _struggling; war-like 好战的, 积极从事或支持使用武力的A few militant

32、 members of the crowd attacked the vendor.人群中几个好斗的人攻击了那个小贩。45. petition _request; demand 请求, 恳求, 请愿.The villagers all signed a petition asking for a hospital to be built.村民们都在请愿书上签名要求建一所医院。46. pact _treaty; agreement; contract 合同, 公约, 协定They made a pact not to tell anyone.他们有协定，不告诉任何人。. .47. recipro

33、cal _mutual (reciprocal trade 互惠贸易) 互惠的, 相应的, 倒数的reciprocal agreements to abolish customs duties; a reciprocal invitation to lunch.关于取消关税互惠的协定；互邀共进午餐48. avert _prevent; avoid (avert ones glance from sth.) 转移Accidents can be averted by careful driving.谨慎驾驶可避免发生事故。49. inflict _cause; strike (inflict g

34、reat mental distress on) 造成inflicted heavy losses on the enemy; a storm that inflicted widespread damage.给敌人以重创；一场带来广泛损害的风暴. .50. pathetic _sad; miserable 可怜的可怜的, 悲惨的悲惨的The academic standards in the school were pathetic.学校的学术水平低得可怜。学校的学术水平低得可怜。51. bizarre _strange; odd 奇异的奇异的(指态度指态度,容貌容貌,款式等款式等)The

35、story has a certain bizarre interest.这个故事听起来别有风趣。这个故事听起来别有风趣。52. cardinal _basic; chief; 主要的主要的, 最重要最重要的的 (a cardinal rule; cardinal sins. 基本准则；七大罪基本准则；七大罪)This is a matter of cardinal significance. 这是非常重这是非常重要的事。要的事。. .53. tentative _trying, experimental; temporary ( discussion/study/agenda) 试验性的,

36、试探的, 尝试的, 暂定的A Tentative Discussion on Pragmatic Failures in Cross-culture Communication54. intrigue _plot; scheme; ( To intrigue ) charm (Does my story intrigue you?) 激起.的兴趣, 用诡计取得The notice intrigued many students. 这张布告引起了许多同学的兴趣。The royal palace was filled with intrigue. 皇宫中充满了勾心斗角。55. dubious _d

37、oubtful; suspicious可疑的, 不确定的I believe these are dubious profits. 我认为这些是靠不住的利润. .56. designate _demonstrate, appoint; nominate) 指明指明, 指出指出, 任命任命, 指派指派He designated Smith as his successor. 他指定史密斯他指定史密斯为他的继承人。为他的继承人。57. deviation _depart (Any deviation from partys faith is seen as betrayal.) 背离背离Vice w

38、as a deviation from our nature。 不道德行为就是背离我们生活常轨的行为不道德行为就是背离我们生活常轨的行为58. adjacent _neighboring; near ( be to = beside) 邻近的邻近的, 接近的接近的There is a underground adjacent to where I live. 地铁站紧挨着住的地方。地铁站紧挨着住的地方。. .59. adore _love; respect , (adore music) 崇拜崇拜, 爱慕，非常喜欢爱慕，非常喜欢She adores going to the volleybal

39、l match. 她非常喜欢看排球比赛。她非常喜欢看排球比赛。60. afflict _bother disturb (to afflict you with my troubles) 使痛苦使痛苦, 折磨折磨He is afflicted with severe rheumatism. 他遭受严重的风湿病折磨。他遭受严重的风湿病折磨。61. aisle _passage 走廊走廊, 过道过道There is a long aisle in an auditorium. 礼堂有一条长的通道。礼堂有一条长的通道。. .62. premium _bonus (premium system); fe

40、e (Insurance premium) 奖金, 保险费, put a premium on助长；导致；鼓励Work paid according to the amount done puts a premium on speed and not on quality.按件付酬是导致重速度、轻质量的原因。 63. velocity _speed; rate ( at a of ) 速度, 速率, 迅速, 周转率The footballer scored with such velocity that the goalkeeper didnt stand a chance of saving

41、 the goal.64. validity _effectiveness) 有效性, 合法性, 正确性This research seems to give some validity to the theory that the drug might cause cancer. .65. fragile _brittle; breakable; weak ( fragile health) 易碎的易碎的, 脆的脆的, 软弱无力软弱无力Im feeling rather fragile after all that beer last night. 昨晚喝了啤酒，现在我感到软弱无力。昨晚喝了

42、啤酒，现在我感到软弱无力。66. courteous _ gracious; polite (Be courteous to the weaker sex.) 礼貌的礼貌的, 谦恭的谦恭的Although she often disagreed with me, she was always courteous.67.vegetation _vegetable; plant 植植植被植被, (总总称称)植物、草木植物、草木, (植物的植物的)生长生长The vegetation is lush on the Hawaiian Islands.夏威夷岛上的植被很葱翠。夏威夷岛上的植被很葱翠。.

43、.68. fabulous _amazing; marvelous; (a vacation) ( heroes) 传说中的 (英雄)令人 难以置信的He has the fabulous endurance of a marathon runner.马拉松运动员具有令人难以置信的耐力。69. forge _make; imitate 铸造, 伪造Everything new comes from the forge of hard and bitter struggle.一切新的东西都是从艰苦斗争中锻炼出来的。70. integrity _honesty 正直, 诚实, 完整, 完全, 完整

44、性The ancient temple and the pagoda are still there, but not in its integrity.那座古老的庙宇和塔还在,但是不完整了。. .71. domain _ 领土领土, 领地领地, (活动、学问等的活动、学问等的)范围范围, 领域，专长领域，专长Physics is within out of his domain.物理是物理是不是不是他的专长。他的专长。72. threshold _ entrance (on the = soon) 开始开始, 开端开端, 极限极限The sound was so loud it was on

45、 the threshold of pain.声音大得开始使人无法忍受。声音大得开始使人无法忍受。73. discrepancy _difference 相差相差, 差异差异, 矛盾矛盾There was a discrepancy in the two reports of the accident.在该事件的两个报告中有不一致之处。在该事件的两个报告中有不一致之处。. .74. inventory _collection; list; stock详细目录详细目录, 财产清册财产清册; 存货存货,Some stores inventory their stock once a month.有

46、些商店每月盘货一次。有些商店每月盘货一次。75. absurd _ridiculous 荒谬的荒谬的, 可笑的可笑的Its clear to everybody that the creation of the world by God is absurd.人人都清楚人人都清楚, 上帝创造世界的说法是荒谬的。上帝创造世界的说法是荒谬的。76. bleak _ bare; chilly (a prospect) 寒冷的寒冷的, 阴冷的阴冷的, 荒凉的荒凉的, 黯淡黯淡The future of this firm will be very bleak indeed if they cant de

47、vise new models of products. 这公司如果不这公司如果不能设计出新型产品能设计出新型产品,那它的前景就非常暗淡。那它的前景就非常暗淡。. .77. activate _stimulate; initiate; arouse 激励，激励， 刺刺激激, 使有活力，激活使有活力，激活His lofty spirit has greatly attracted and activated others.他的崇高精神大大地吸引并且激励了别人。他的崇高精神大大地吸引并且激励了别人。78. contemplate _consider;intend; ponder (All day

48、he did nothing but contemplate.) 凝视凝视, 沉思沉思, 预期预期, 企图企图The young surgeon contemplated the difficult operation of kidney transplant.年青的外科医生为肾移植这一棘手的手术苦思冥想。年青的外科医生为肾移植这一棘手的手术苦思冥想。79. deport _behave (deport oneself gracefully) expel (We deport aliens who ) 举止举止, 驱逐驱逐We have the right to deport dangerou

49、s aliens.我们有权把危险的外国人驱逐出境我们有权把危险的外国人驱逐出境. .80. affiliate _associate 使隶属于，加入使隶属于，加入 (This hospital is affiliated with that university)Our club is affiliated to a national organization of similar clubs.我们的俱乐部加入了同类俱乐部的全国组织。我们的俱乐部加入了同类俱乐部的全国组织。81. default _ absence; delay (lose the tennis match by defaul

50、t.因不出场而输了网因不出场而输了网球赛球赛) 疏怠职责疏怠职责, 缺席缺席, 拖欠拖欠, 默认默认He won the championship by default.由于别人的弃权他获得冠军称号。由于别人的弃权他获得冠军称号。82. alleviate _ reduce; lessen 使使(痛苦等痛苦等)易于忍受易于忍受, 减轻减轻This is a new drug that alleviates cold symptoms.一种减轻感冒症状的新药品一种减轻感冒症状的新药品. .83. linger _ remain; wander, delay 逗留逗留, 闲荡闲荡, 拖延拖延, 游