自考00096外刊经贸知识选读密训高频考点重点汇总.pdf

1、目录目录第一章 Chinas Foreign Trade.1第二章 Chinas Absorption of Foreign Direct Investment.1第三章 Chinas Opened Economy.2第四章 The world economy.3第五章 On the US Strategy & Policy in Trade.5第六章 The Development of EU.6第七章On Japans Position on Trade.7第八章 South Korea & Other Fast developing Asian CountriesTheir Progre

2、ss and Problems. 8第九章 NewlyEmerging Trading Stars.9第十章 On GATTWTO.10第十一章 Barter Still in Use. 11第十二章 Market Competition.12第十三章 Market Analysis.13第十四章 Commodities Market.13第十五章 Reports on Commodities Exchange in Telex.141/15第一章第一章 Chinas Foreign Trade知识点名称知识点名称知识点内容知识点内容单选题单选题（同义词替换）（同义词替换）measures/a

3、ction 措施compensation/payment 补偿disbursed/paid 支付role/part 角色exacerbate/worsen/deteriorated/exasperated恶化adopted/took 采取buoyant/vigorous/rising 趋于上升的raise/collect 筹集jumped/increased 提高upgrade/renovate 改善balance/equal 平衡introduced/brought 引进objective/goal 目标sophistication/upgrade 高级quicken/accelerate/

4、speed up 加快substantially/considerably 非常地facilitated/made easier 使便利eligible/legal/qualified 有资格的attributed/ascribed 归因于specializes/acts professionally 专门从事decline/fall 下降，减少per annum/every year 每年domestic/local 国内的bottlenecks/barriers 障碍access/entry 进入bartered/exchanged 交换compiled/gathered 编写earnin

5、gs/incomes 收入obligations/duty/debts 债务run-down/reduction/decline 下降disbursed/paid 支付leading/major 主要的come into force/take effect 起作用countertrade 对等贸易（反向贸易）单词短语翻译单词短语翻译最惠国待遇 most-favored nation treatment海关税/关税/进口税 customs duties国际收支 balance of payments贸易赤字 trade deficit有形贸易收支 visible trade account无形贸

6、易收支 invisible account国际清算银行 Bank for InternationalSettlements欧洲经济共同体 European EconomicCommunity外汇收入 foreign exchange earnings贸易展销会 trade fairs and exhibitions经济合作和发展组织（OECD）Organizationfor Economic Co-operation and Development经常项目 current account易货贸易 barter经互会 Comecon中央银行 central bank合资企业 joint vent

7、ure世界银行 the World Bank盈余/顺差 in surplus反向贸易 Counter-trade国民收入 national income免税/免除 exemption贸易政策 trade policy高技术 high-tech国内市场 domestic market第二章第二章 Chinas Absorption of Foreign Direct Investment知识点名称知识点名称知识点内容知识点内容incentives/stimulation/encouragement/motivgranted/given 给,赠自考押题 vx 344647 公众号/小程序 顺通考试

8、资料2/15单选题单选题（同义词替换（同义词替换）ator 激励comprehensive/all-inclusive 全部的;所有的aspire/desire 渴望stock-taking/assessment/reviewing 盘点，评估promulgated/announced/declared 宣布assembling/collecting 收集discourage/dissuade 阻止deal with/tackle 应付，处理vulnerable/easily attacked by 易受伤害的preferential/favored 偏爱的，优待的afflicting/bot

9、hering 困扰，折磨robust/vigorous 强壮的prospect /possibility 可能性uniform/unchanging/same 统一的，不变的frangible/breakable 易碎的grassroots/masses 群众boom/prosperity 繁荣comes into force/takes effect 生效aspire to/long for 渴望entitled/authorized/empowered 给.权利reserves/storages 储备in the drivers seat/dominant 统治coastal cities

10、 沿海（开放）城市SEZ 经济特区foreign exchange reserves 外汇储备单词短语翻译单词短语翻译经济特区 （SEZ） The Special Economic Zone沿海（开放）城市 coastal cities外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves对外直接投资 foreign direct investment利润汇款 profit-remittance技术转让 technology transfer贸易制裁 trade sanctions外商独资拥有的 wholly foreign-owned盘货/评估/估量 stock-taking合作(经营

11、)企业 cooperative enterprise基础设施 infrastructure消费品 consumer goods补偿贸易 compensation trade优惠税率 preferential tax rate资本货物 capital goods经济结构 economic structure企业家精神 entrepreneurship生产资料 means of production房地产 real estate竹幕 bamboo curtain段落翻译段落翻译During the past few years, a major objective of the Chinese a

12、uthorities has been to reduce theproportion of agricultural exports, while increasing that of industrial and mineral products. Awide variety of industrial goods are now exported and Chinese capital equipment has beenused by a number of developing countries to establish projects in areas such as agri

13、culture,forestry, light industry, food processing, water conservation and transport andcommunications.在过去的几年中，中国政府的主要目标是减少农产品出口的比例，增加工业产品和矿产品的出口比例。目前各种各样的工业品被出口到海外，中国的资本设备被许多发展中国家用来投资以下领域的建设项目：农业、林业、轻工业、食品加工业、储水业、运输和通讯业。第三章第三章 Chinas Opened Economy知识点名称知识点名称知识点内容知识点内容formidable/powerful 巨大的，有力的peak/

14、top 顶峰3/15单选题单选题（同义词替换）（同义词替换）dynamic/energetic/active 充满活力的dominant/leading 首要的backlash/opposition 反对moribund/stagnant 停滞的considerable/great 相当大的manifest/demonstrate 显现emergence/appearance 出现profits/returns 收益retaliation/revenge 报复a bargain/an agreement 协议promulgated/issued 宣布distributed/spread 散布,

15、分散predicting/foretelling 预言stake/interest 利益opportunities/chances 机会confronted/faced 面对breach/violation 违背amplify/increase 增加restraint/constraint 约束bounce/rebound 反弹surpass/exceed 超过evident/clear 显然的tumultuous/noisy 嘈杂的dominant /most influential 首要的supplant/replace 替代reaping/obtaining/getting 收获lagg

16、ard/slothful/slowcoach 落后的moribund/lifeless 垂死的bustling/lively 繁忙的，热闹的outbid/overgo 高于standstill/stagnation 停滞shifted/removed 转移commercial hub 商业活动的中心economic heavyweight 举足轻重的经济强国单词短语翻译单词短语翻译关税及贸易总协定 General Agreement onTariffs and Trade (GATT)中国国际信托投资公司 CITIC ChinaInternational Trust and Investmen

17、t Company举足轻重的经济强国 economicheavyweight国民生产总值 Gross National Product(GNP)证券及房地产市场 securities and real estatemarkets进口关税 import tariff惩罚性进口关税 punitive import tariff华人经济区 Chinese Economic Area跨行业公司 conglomerate与.有利害关系 have a stake in.按人均计算的：per capita高技术 high-tech高工资经济 high-wage economy商业活动中心 commercia

18、l hub房地产市场 real estate market证券市场 securities market生产力 productive forces国际财团 Consortium国家机器 the state apparatus优先地位 preferred status经济作物 cash crops剩余劳动力 surplus labour生活水平 standard of living集装箱 container出价高于 outbid第四章第四章 The world economy知识点名称知识点名称知识点内容知识点内容单选题单选题curtail/restrict 限制onset/beginning 开

19、始4/15（同义词替换）（同义词替换）moderate/ease 缓和aggregate/total 总计的adverse/harmful 有害的in a row/successively/consecutive 连续accommodative/cooperative/helpful 配合的stagnating/inactive 停滞annual/yearly 每年comparable/similar 相似的slump/drop 暴跌deteriorated /worsened 恶化integration/combination 结合share/portion 一份affected/reduc

20、ed/impacted 影响discounted/reduced in price 降价breakthroughs/achievements 进展robust/strong 强壮的stagnated/depressed 停滞slackened/weakened 变弱sustain/maintain 保持merchandise /commodity 商品diversification/variety 多样化merger/combination 结合,兼并hard currency 硬通货primary commodity 初级产品European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系de

21、inflationary policy 反通货政策单词短语翻译单词短语翻译对外直接投资 foreign direct investment欧洲货币体系 European Monetary System(EMS)反通胀政策 deinflationary policies人均收入 per capita income证券投资 portfolio investment国内生产总值 Gross Domestic Product（GDP）反通货膨胀货币政策 anti-inflationarymonetary policy由减税引发的繁荣 tax-cut-induced boom初级产品 primary c

22、ommodity商品市场 commodity market硬通货 hard currency国内需求 domestic demand债务调整 debt restructuring贸易谈判 trade negotiation直接投资 direct investment经济衰退 economic recession商业周期 business cycle举债经营 leverage汇率 exchange rate段落翻译段落翻译In matters relating to the environment, the United Nations Conference on Environment and

23、Development, held in June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, produced an Earth Charter, ordeclaration of basic principles for the conduct of nations and peoples with respect toenvironmentanddevelopment;agreementsonspecificlegalmeasures,includingconventions（公约）on climate change and biodiversity, and principles

24、for a frameworkagreement on forests; and an agenda for action (Agenda 21), establishing theenvironmental work program agreed by the international community for the period beyond1992 and into the twenty-first century.在有关环境问题上，联合国环境与发展会议于 1992 年 6 月在里约热内卢举行，制定了“地球宪章”，换言之，宣布了各个国家和各个民族在环境和发展方面的基本行为准则；就具

25、体的法律措施达成协议，包括气候变化和生物多样性公约和关于森林框架协议的准则；还制定了一个行动议程(“21 世纪议程”)，确定了被国际社会认可的，从 1992 年以后到进入 21 世纪期间内的环境工作方案。5/15第五章第五章 On the US Strategy & Policy in Trade知识点名称知识点名称知识点内容知识点内容单选题单选题（同义词替换）（同义词替换）friction/clash 摩擦discrimination/differentiation/prejudice 区别suspend/postpone 推迟escalate/grow 增长push/promotion 促

26、进consequences/results 结果divergent/different 不同的pose/present 摆姿势procurement /purchasing 购买bargains/arrangements 协议stall /postpone 延期bullied/threatened 恐吓embrace/acceptance 接纳sanctions/penalties 制裁underpinnings/support 基础，支柱underpinned/strengthened 加强单词短语翻译单词短语翻译贸易制裁 trade sanctions政府采购 government pro

27、curement银行兼并 merger of banks贸易（谈判）代表 trade representative以美元标价的 dollar-dominated出口导向 export-oriented强硬政策 tough policy金融危机 financial crisis贸易壁垒 trade barrier商会 chamber of commerce段落翻译段落翻译Consumer prices posted their smallest increase in more than 50 years in 2008. A governmentreport today (Friday) sa

28、id the sagging economy is keeping inflation in check, and slashingdemand for energy. Serious U.S. economic problems are at the top of President-elect BarackObamas agenda as he tries to rally public support for a plan to stimulate the economy withgovernment spending and tax cuts. Mr. Obama has said h

29、e hopes to create half a million jobswith investments in clean energy projects.2008年的消费价格增长为50多年来的最小幅度。 今天(星期五)公布的一份政府报告说，疲软的经济得以遏制通货膨胀，导致能源需求大大降低，美国严重的经济问题是当选总统奥巴马工作日程上的当务之急。奥巴马正努力争取公众支持一项包括政府开支和减税的刺激经济计划。奥巴马曾表示，他希望通过在洁净能源项目上的投资创造 50 万个工作岗位。2011, dubbed ( 被 称 为 ) the “year of global indignation,” r

30、evealed three major socialproblems of the current world.First, the financial crisis has caused rising income disparities. Living standards of the middleclass were severely impacted as their wealth shrank by a wide margin. Second, rapidlydeveloping information technology and globalization have brough

31、t people together. With thehelp of new media and non-state actors, turmoil in one country can easily spread to othercountries. Third, the unbalanced population and employment structure have aggravatedsocial tensions. The long-term unemployment of young people has made “youngmalcontents (不满现状者)” a co

32、mmon problem of the whole world.2011 年被称为“全球愤怒的一年”，主要反映了当前全球的三大社会问题。首先，金融危机导致收入差异增大。中等阶层的生活水平因为财富的大量缩水而受到严重影响。第二，高速增长的信息科技和全球化使得人们联系更紧密。新媒体和无国6/15别的演员们使得一个国家的动乱能够轻易传播到另一国家。第三，人口和就业结构的不平衡分布加重了社会矛盾。年轻人的长期失业使得他们成为“年轻的心怀不满者”，这成为全球的一个通病。第六章第六章 The Development of EU知识点名称知识点名称知识点内容知识点内容单选题单选题（同义词替换）（同义词替换）

33、backlash/resistance 抵制moribund/dying/stagnant 垂死的justifications/reasons 理由skidding/sliding 降低imposed a ban/shut out imports 关闭进口slash/remarkable drop 显著的下降traverses/goes through 渡过anticipate/expect 预料rough/difficult 困难的excess/surplus 过量的blueprint/detailed plan 计划soured/worsened 恶化breach/violation 违反

34、languishing/weak 无力的debut/first appearance 首次露面wind up/end up 完成，停止单词短语翻译单词短语翻译反倾销 anti-dumping市场份额 market share自由市场 （无壁垒市场） barrier-free market兼并 merger撤销管制规定 deregulation自由贸易区 free trade zone进口配额制 import quota system金融自由化 financial deregulation欧洲一体化 European integration乘飞机外出度假的人 holiday fliers段落翻译

35、段落翻译Monetary Union, warns Malcolm Rifkind, the British foreign secretary, will be a radical anddivisive departure from 40 years of common Policies. Europe will be divided betweenthose countries that are part of economic and monetary union, and those countries that arenot, he said. This is not what t

36、he founding fathers had in mind.Hints of a potential rupture are already apparent in the strained relations between Germanyand southern EU members. While many Germans fear the inclusion of the lira and the pesetawill produce a weak euro, leaders of Italy, Spain and Portugal have stepped up theircamp

37、aign to join monetary union at the outset.英国外交大臣 Malcolm Rifkind 警告说，货币联盟将是一种激进的、分裂的政策，偏离40 年的共同政策。 “欧洲将被划分为属于经济和货币联盟的国家和不属于这一联盟的国家两部分。”他说，“这可不是创立者们的想法。”在德国和欧盟成员国之间的紧张关系中，潜在的破裂迹象已经显而易见。尽管许多德国人担心里拉和比塞塔的加入会导致欧元疲软，但意大利、西班牙和葡萄牙的领导人在一开始就加紧了加入货币联盟的行动。December 11, 2011 marks the tenth anniversary of an eve

38、nt, which profoundly changed theglobal economy: Chinas accession to the World Trade Organization. It is difficult not tooverstate the effects of this accession, certainly on China, but also on Chinas tradingpartners and on the global trading system itself. By integrating fully into the globaleconomy

39、, China has become the largest exporter of manufactured goods and the second7/15largest economy in the world. This remarkable trade expansion has contributed significantlyto Chinas growth and development and has helped lift some 500 million people out ofpoverty.2011 年 12 月 11 日标志着中国入世十周年，这一事件深刻地改变了全

40、球经济。中国入世对于中国及其贸易伙伴，以至于全球贸易体系都产生了不容低估的影响。中国全面融入了全球经济，成为最大的制成品出口国，世界第二大经济体。这种显著的贸易扩张极大地促进了中国的发展，帮助近五亿人民摆脱了贫困。第七章第七章On Japans Position on Trade知识点名称知识点名称知识点内容知识点内容单选题单选题（同义词替换）（同义词替换）reckon/estimate 估计bilateral/two-sided 双边的opposed/objected 反对patently/obviously 显然geared to/suitable for 适合of its own acc

41、ord/willingly 自愿thrust/point 要点strengthening/growing 增长capitulate/succumb/yield 屈服ingenuous/innocent 天真的adamant/unyielding 坚定的languish/be neglected 忽视amplified/exaggerated 使.扩大withstood/resisted 承受reckon/calculate 估算move/influence 影响，改变dispute/quarrel 争论tariff/tax 税金单词短语翻译单词短语翻译贸易差额 trade balance贸易赤

42、字/贸易逆差 trade deficit贸易盈余/贸易顺差 trade surplus管理贸易 managed trade财政一揽子计划 fiscal packages宏观经济因素 macroeconomic factors制成品 manufactured goods操纵价格的/垄断价格的 price-rigging批发商 wholesaler白皮书 White Paper出口驱动的 export-driven既得利益 vested interests失常/失调 out of kilter贸易报复 trade reprisal行政部门 civil service段落翻译段落翻译Once, wh

43、en Japan faced pressure from abroad, it would either give in reluctantly or keepquiet and hope that the fuss would die down. No longer, it seems. The Clintonadministration strongly believes in exerting such pressure. Its policy is to open someJapanese markets by setting import targetan approach to t

44、rade policy that supporters call“results-oriented”.Thisuglytermforeshadowsuncertainconsequences.Farfromcapitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that couldlead to a trans-Pacific confrontation.从前，当日本面对来自国外的压力时，它或者会勉强屈服，或者会保持安静，并且希望那些骚扰会逐渐消失。但看起来日本现在已经不再采取这种态度。

45、克林顿政府热衷于施加这样的压力。其政策旨在用设定进口指标的方法打开一些日本市场拥护者将这一处理贸易政策的方法称之为“结果导向法” 。这一令人生厌的术语预示了许多不8/15确定的结果。日本非但没有向美国新推行的贸易政策屈服，反而采取了一种可能导致跨太平洋冲突的立场。Analysis explains the recent rise in Japans trade surplus as follows: because of the recessionat home, Japan has seen a decline in expensive imports of luxuries, which

46、were enormouslyfashionable during the second half of the 1980s. This effect has been compounded, thanks toslow growth elsewhere, by low prices for the international commodities that Japaneseindustry depends upon. Exports of Japanese machinery, on the other hand, withstood thedownturn quite well beca

47、use the Asian economies that buy them continued to boom.分析解释了近期日本贸易顺差增长的原因：由于日本国内的经济衰退，昂贵奢侈品的进口有所下降，而这些产品在 19 世纪 80 年代后期是相当时髦的。因为其他地区的经济增长缓慢，同时日本工业所依赖的国际商品价格低廉，使得这种效果很明显。另一方面，由于亚洲国家的经济持续高速增长，日本的机械产品出口成功地承受了这次经济衰退的考验。第八章第八章 South Korea & Other Fast developing AsianCountriesTheir Progress and Problems

48、知识点名称知识点名称知识点内容知识点内容单选题单选题（同义词替换）（同义词替换）come up with/bring forth 提出auto/automobile 汽车edge/advantage 优势insolvent/bankrupt 破产的fledgling/inexperienced 缺乏经验的poised/prepared 准备好的churning out/producing 生产sweat/effort 艰苦的劳动on the move/in progress 在进行中boost/promote 促进emergence/appearance 出现passed/filtered 透

49、过rivals/competitors 竞争者intrude/trespass 侵入revamping/reconstructing 翻新clout/influence 影响surging/rising 上升，激增bolstered/strengthened 加强vulnerable/susceptible/easily attacked by 易受影响的rein in/control 控制单词短语翻译单词短语翻译智囊团 brain trust倾销 dumping市场力量 market forces时髦词语 buzzword新兴工业 fledgling industries高技术经济 high

50、-tech economy股权式合资企业 equity joint venture普遍优惠制 generalized system ofpreferences财源/繁荣 bonanza暴发户 nouveau riche转让人 licenser一个闭关自守的国家 a hermit nation无偿还能力 insolvency总部 headquarters资金短缺的 cash-strappedThe primary message for people who are interested to invest in the stock market is that they9/15段落翻译段落翻译