1、 I have been colecting shells for five years.I started to collect shells five years ago.He began to collect coins two years ago.He has been collecting coins for two years. 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时含义:表示从过去某时开始,一直延续到现在的一个动作;该动作有可能继续延续下去。 进行时进行时 I am reading the book. 完成时完成时 I have read the book. 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时
2、I have been reading the book.现在正在读现在正在读已经读过已经读过过去到截过去到截至说话为至说话为止,一直止,一直在读在读现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并且还有可能持续下去续到现在,并且还有可能持续下去, 也可能刚刚停也可能刚刚停止。肯定句肯定句 主语主语 + have (has) been + 现在分词现在分词(doing) 现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态 主语主语 + have (has) been + 过去分词过去分词(done)疑问句疑问句 Have (Has) + 主
3、语主语 + been + 现在分词现在分词(doing)?一一. 现在完成进行时的定义和结构现在完成进行时的定义和结构eg. 1.It has been raining for three days. 雨下了三天了。雨下了三天了。 2.We have been waiting for him for two hours. 我们等他等了两个小时。我们等他等了两个小时。 3.你一整天都在写吗?你一整天都在写吗? Have you been writing all the day? 4. 雨下了多久了?雨下了多久了? How long has it been raining?现在完成进行时现在完成进
4、行时1. 表示表示“持续持续”即表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,这动作可能即表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,这动作可能刚刚停止,也可能还在进行。刚刚停止,也可能还在进行。eg. 1)The children have been having a lot of fun. 孩子们一直玩得很开心。孩子们一直玩得很开心。 2)她很累。她干了一早晨了。她很累。她干了一早晨了。 She is very tired. She has been working all morning. 3)The tobacco industry has been trying to improve
5、its image. 烟草行业一直在试图改善其形象。烟草行业一直在试图改善其形象。二二.现在完成进行时的用法现在完成进行时的用法2. 重复的动作表示感情色彩重复的动作表示感情色彩现在完成时表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动现在完成时表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作,常带有感情色彩。作,常带有感情色彩。eg. 1)We have all along been making mistakes like this. 我们一直犯这样的错误我们一直犯这样的错误。 2)Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the past week.
6、 一星期以来吉姆每天晚上给詹妮打电话一星期以来吉姆每天晚上给詹妮打电话。二二.现在完成进行时的用法现在完成进行时的用法现在完成进行时所用的时间状语:现在完成进行时所用的时间状语:all day / month; this month / week / year; all the time, all ones life , these days; recently / lately; in the past few + 时间段时间段; since +时间点时间点; for + 时间段时间段,等。等。eg. 1.He has been working all day. 他整天都在工作。他整天都在工
7、作。 2 .Car sales have been shrinking recently. 汽车销量近来一直在下降。汽车销量近来一直在下降。 三三.与现在完成进行连用的主要时间状语与现在完成进行连用的主要时间状语They have been working for two hours.1) for和表示一段时间的词组连用和表示一段时间的词组连用从从6点起他们一直在跑。点起他们一直在跑。They have been running since six oclock.自从我出生以来就一直住在这里。自从我出生以来就一直住在这里。2) since 和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用和表示过去某一时刻的词
8、或词组连用I have been living here since I was born.3) since后可跟句子,句子时态多用一般过去时后可跟句子,句子时态多用一般过去时他们已经工作了他们已经工作了2个小时。个小时。I. 用用for或或since填空。填空。1.They have been learning Chinese _ they came to China.2. I havent seen her _ a long time.3. He has been living here _ 2001.4. She has been doing her homework _ two hou
9、rs.5. Its 5 years _ we left school.6. - How long has Mary been a teacher? - _ two years ago. sinceforsinceforsinceSince Im tired because Ive been running.我很累因为我一直跑到现在。我很累因为我一直跑到现在。(强调动作一直进行并持续到现在)(强调动作一直进行并持续到现在)对比:对比:Im tired because Ive run.我累了因为我跑了。(强调动作已完成)我累了因为我跑了。(强调动作已完成) 3. 现在完成进行时可以表示现在完成进行
10、时可以表示一个从过去某时一个从过去某时开始开始一直在进行并持续一直在进行并持续到现在的动作。到现在的动作。这个这个动作动作刚刚结束,对现在有影响。刚刚结束,对现在有影响。You have been cleaning the classroom, I think.我想你刚才一直在打扫教室。我想你刚才一直在打扫教室。(言外之意:(言外之意:Your clothes are covered with dust.)1.现在完成时强调动作的已完成,着重结果,而现在完成进行现在完成时强调动作的已完成,着重结果,而现在完成进行时强调动作仍在进行,强调动作的持续性。因此,表示动时强调动作仍在进行,强调动作的持
11、续性。因此,表示动作的完成,只能用现在完成时,而不能用现在完成进行时。作的完成,只能用现在完成时,而不能用现在完成进行时。 eg. He has changed his idea. 他改变了想法。他改变了想法。四四.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别He has read the book.他读过那本书了。他读过那本书了。He has been reading the book.他一直在读那本书。他一直在读那本书。The students have been preparing for the exam.(还在进行)(还在进行)学生们一直在准备考试学生们一直在准备
12、考试。The students have prepared for the exam.(已经结束)(已经结束)学生们为考试作了准备学生们为考试作了准备。2.在表示动作的延续时,虽然既可用现在完成时,也可用现在在表示动作的延续时,虽然既可用现在完成时,也可用现在 完成进行时,但现在完成进行时强调动作的进行。因此在需完成进行时,但现在完成进行时强调动作的进行。因此在需 要明确表示动作还要持续下去时,应用现在完成进行时。要明确表示动作还要持续下去时,应用现在完成进行时。eg. We have been studying here for two years. 我们在这儿已经学习了两年了。我们在这儿已
13、经学习了两年了。 四四.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性,现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性,它是现在完成时的强调形式。它是现在完成时的强调形式。Weve been living here for ten years.Weve lived here for ten years.我们在这儿已经住了十年了。我们在这儿已经住了十年了。 3.在许多情况下,现在完成时表示动作已经完成,而现在在许多情况下,现在完成时表示动作已经完成,而现在 完成进行时却并非如此。完成进行时却并非如此。eg. 1)He has cleaned the windo
14、w. 他把窗户擦干净了。他把窗户擦干净了。(动作已完成动作已完成) 2)He has been cleaning the window. 他一直在擦窗户。他一直在擦窗户。(动作不一定完成动作不一定完成)四四.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别4.有些表示状态、感情、感觉的动词如:have, exist, love, like, hate, hear, see, sound, know, be, 等动词不能用于现在完成进行时,但可用于现在完成时。 eg. 1)I have known him for many years. 我认识他有许多年了。我认识他有许多年了。
15、2)The war has lasted for a long time. 这场战争持续了很长时间。这场战争持续了很长时间。四四.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别5.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的相通性:在表达一个从过现在完成时与现在完成进行时的相通性:在表达一个从过 去开始而现在仍在继续或刚刚结束的动作时,某些动词既去开始而现在仍在继续或刚刚结束的动作时,某些动词既 可以用现在完成时,也可以用现在完成进行时,意思差别可以用现在完成时,也可以用现在完成进行时,意思差别 不大。不大。eg. 1)Ive lived / been living here for 30
16、years. 我在这儿住了我在这儿住了30年了。年了。 2)How long have you worked / been working here? 你在这里工作多久了你在这里工作多久了? 四四.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别巩固练习巩固练习 单项填空单项填空1.Tom _ in the library every night over the last three months. A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been working C。over the last three months 的
17、意思是的意思是“在过去的三个在过去的三个月月 期间期间”,这类时间状语通常通常与现在完成时或现在完成进行,这类时间状语通常通常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时时 连用,四个选项中只有连用,四个选项中只有C符合此要求。符合此要求。has been working巩固练习巩固练习 单项填空单项填空2.Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going
18、 to consider B。根据。根据but she hasnt decided yet (尚未决定尚未决定) 可知,从可知,从开始失业时起一直在考虑再去上学,现在还在考虑。表示从过去开始失业时起一直在考虑再去上学,现在还在考虑。表示从过去某一时刻开始一直到现在,并且现在依然在发生的动作,用现在某一时刻开始一直到现在,并且现在依然在发生的动作,用现在完成进行时,现在完成进行时由完成进行时,现在完成进行时由“have/has been doing”构成,所构成,所以选以选B。has been considering Tom _ in the library every night over t
19、he last three months. (2011北京卷北京卷) A. worksB. worked C. has been working D. had been working答案:答案:C解析:根据时间状语解析:根据时间状语over the last three months可知,句子应该用现在完成进行时。可知,句子应该用现在完成进行时。句意为:在过去三个月中,汤姆每个夜晚都句意为:在过去三个月中,汤姆每个夜晚都在图书馆中工作。在图书馆中工作。高考真题高考真题I have to see the doctor because I a lot lately . (2010陕西陕西) A.
20、 have been coughing B. had coughed C. coughed D. cough答案:答案:A 解析:由时间状语解析:由时间状语lately可知此处表示现阶可知此处表示现阶段一直在进行的动作或存在的状态,且强段一直在进行的动作或存在的状态,且强调其持续性,用现在完成进行时,选调其持续性,用现在完成进行时,选A。巩固练习巩固练习 单项填空单项填空3.I have got a headache. No wonder. You _ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been
21、 working D. worked C。由于在电脑前工作太久,所以导致了现在头痛的结。由于在电脑前工作太久,所以导致了现在头痛的结果,故空格处应填现在完成时或现在完成进行时,即答案选果,故空格处应填现在完成时或现在完成进行时,即答案选C。has been working 巩固练习巩固练习 单项填空单项填空4.Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ for it for months. A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing
22、 D. has been preparing D。根据句中的。根据句中的will win the first prize in the final可可知,决赛还没有举行,所以下文谈到的知,决赛还没有举行,所以下文谈到的“准备准备”指的肯定是从过指的肯定是从过去一直持续到现在的情况,故用现在完成进行时。去一直持续到现在的情况,故用现在完成进行时。has been preparing 1) Ann is very tired, because she _ (work) hard for a week.2) I _ (talk) to Tom about your problem.3) How lo
23、ng _ you _ (smoke)?4) George _(not feel) very well recently.5) Kevin _ (study) for three hours.1. Complete each of the sentences with the proper form of the verb in the brackets.has been workinghave talkedhave been smokinghasnt been feelinghas been studying1) You see a little boy. His eyes are red a
24、nd watery. (cry)2) You have just arrived to meet your friend who is waiting for you. (wait long)3) Your friend comes in. His face and hands are very dirty. (do)2. Ask a question for each situation. The first one has been done as an example.Why have you been crying?How long have you been waiting for
25、me?What have you been doing?4) You see Bob and Bill wearing sweatshirts and carrying tennis rackets. (play tennis)5) Your friend has just come back from the beach. He is suntanned. (lie in the sun)6) You see two girls carrying bags and packages from a well-known department store. (shop)Have you been playing tennis?Have you been lying in the sun?Have you been shopping in the department store ?THANKS
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