2021届通用版高考英语二轮总复习课件：模块三语法填空.pptx

1、模块三语法填空 英英 语语2021内 容 索 引考情透析 谋对策题型指导 寻技法真题演练 明趋势考情透析考情透析 谋对策谋对策明晰三年考情,备考不走弯路 考点202020192018命题特点全国全国全国新高考全国全国全国全国全国全国全国有提示词名词 1 11.一般为一篇200词左右的说明文或记叙文,难度适中,符合高中生的阅读水平。2.考查形式分给出提示词和不给出提示词两种。不给出提示词的题目一般为2-3个,给出提示词填空一般为7-8个。3.给出提示词的题目包括词性转换、名词的单复数、动词的时态、语态和非谓语动词等;不给出提示词的有冠词、连接词、代词、介词等,不给出提示词时只能填一个单词。代词1

2、 11词性转换 2 3 2 22232 3时态、语态和主谓一致3 1 2 32221 21非谓语动词1 3 2 12322 23比较等级 1 11 1考点202020192018命题特点全国全国全国新高考全国全国全国全国全国全国全国无提示词连接词2122121221冠词11111代词11介词111111其他1体裁说明文说明文记叙文说明文说明文记叙文记叙文说明文说明文记叙文词数220192215195170202177193207205高考评价体系下的备考启示掌握备考策略,复习事半功倍在语篇中学习、训练语法考点词汇、语法知识的学习和应用必须在具体的语境和语篇中进行。夯实基础动词的不规则变化、非谓

3、语动词的形式、词性间的相互转换、单词的正确拼写等基础必须记牢记准。强化语言知识学习的精准性语法和词汇知识应记准、记熟,熟才能生巧。加强专项训练专项练习有助于总结规律,提高解题技能,增强应对此题型的能力。题型指导题型指导 寻技法寻技法解题步骤解题步骤1.通读全文,理解大意通读全文的目的是把握其大意,为下一步“填空”做好“语意”上的准备,因为“语意”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语以及应该采用什么样的语法形式。2.边读边填,先易后难填空过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语意”(已给出词语的除外)和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。遇到一时无法确定的题目可以先忽略,有可能后面的内容会给出提示,或者在核查

4、时通过进一步联系上下文进行推理。3.验证复查,清除难点复查的方法是:将所有答案“填进”短文中并进行通读,以最后确定答案。通读时要注意上下文之间的逻辑关系,避免出现前后矛盾或句子不通顺的问题。技巧点拨技巧点拨一、有提示词这种形式主要考查动词的时态和语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词、词性转换、名词的数、形容词和副词的比较级与最高级。解答这类题目时,首先需要判断设空处在句子中的功能,其次再决定该用什么形式。(一)提示词为动词解题模板Step 1 分析句子结构,确定空格处是否作谓语。Step 2思考1如果作谓语,要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等思考2如果不作谓语,考虑是否是非谓语;如果是非谓语,考虑用哪种形式,

5、是动词-ing形式,还是过去分词,还是不定式思考3如果既不作谓语,也不是非谓语,就要考虑词性转换。那就需要根据上下文以及空格处在句子中所作的成分考虑词性转换的类型【典例印证1】You dont have to run fast or for long 2 (see) the benefit.You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying early by running.解题思路to see所给提示词是动词,分析句子成分可知,空格处所填的词应作目的状语,故填动词不定式形式to see。【典例印证2】Ch

6、inas approach to protecting its environment while 10 (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the banks Juergen Voegele.解题思路feeding空格处所给提示词为动词。句中使用的是while doing sth(当做某事的时候)这一结构,可以看作“while sb is/was doing sth”的省略形式,故此处应填feeding。【典例印证3】This swi

7、tch has decreased 6 (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.解题思路pollution此题所给提示词是动词。分析句子成分可知,has decreased是谓语成分,由此可知空格处应缺少名词作宾语,表示“减少污染”,故填pollution。(二)提示词为形容词或者副词解题模板Step 1分析句子结构,确定空格处是否是形容词或者副词的比较级Step 2思考1如果不是比较级,那就要考虑词性转换思考2如果是词性转换,首先考虑是否是形容词

8、转换为副词思考3如果不是形容词转换为副词,就要考虑是否转换为名词思考4如果转换为名词,就要考虑用名词的单数还是复数【典例印证1】According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners live three years 1 (long) than non-runners.解题思路longer此题所给提示词为副词long。根据后面的解题信息than可知,空格处所填的词应使用比较级形式,故填longer。【典例印证2】A taste for meat is 3 (actual) behind the change:An impor

9、tant part of its corn is used to feed chickens,pigs,and cattle.解题思路actually此题所给提示词是形容词。由句意及后文的介词短语“behind the change”可知,此处应使用actual的副词形式作状语,故填actually。(三)提示词为名词解题模板Step 1分析句子结构,确定空格处在句子中所作的成分Step 2思考1如果空格处填名词,首先要考虑是否用复数思考2如果不填名词,那就要考虑是否填形容词思考3如果是名词转换为形容词,需要考虑名词怎样转换为形容词【典例印证1】Two of the authors of th

10、e review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7 (cause).解题思路causes此题所给提示词是名词。cause是可数名词,意为“原因,理由”,根据前面的修饰语all可知,该名词要用复数形式,故答案为causes。【典例印证2】Running is cheap,easy and its always 9 (

11、energy).解题思路energetic此题所给提示词为名词。由句意并结合空格前面的is可知,所填的词应使用形容词形式energetic(精力充沛的)作表语。(四)提示词为代词解题模板Step 1 分析句子结构,确定空格处在句子中所作成分Step 2思考1考虑是否是人称代词转换为物主代词思考2如果不是转换为物主代词,考虑是否是由主格变为宾格或者填其反身代词【典例印证1】When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find 8 (they) alive.解题思路them此题所给提示词为人称代词。空格前动词fi

12、nd后面应需要宾语,故填they的宾格形式them。二、无提示词这种形式主要考查考生对语篇的理解和逻辑关系的把握以及对固定搭配和常见句式的掌握程度。考查内容主要是介词、冠词、代词、连接词等。因为没有提示词,考生应根据文章大意和上下文语境以及对长难句结构的分析来判断设空处在句子中的功能,以确定其词性和意义,最后确定内容。解题模板Step 1分析句子结构,根据句子所缺成分确定是哪类词Step 2思考1根据句子本身的含义,填写介词、冠词或者代词思考2分析句子结构,看看是否需要填写连接词思考3根据逻辑关系、固定搭配、固定句型等填写适当的词1.填介词如果名词或者代词在句子中不作主语、表语或者动词宾语,其

13、前一般填介词。高考常考查介词与动词、形容词或者名词的搭配。做题时应先根据上下文和句意推断出设空处的具体意思,然后根据熟记的短语来确定要填的词。【典例印证1】I was searching 7 these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.解题思路for此题空格处无提示词。根据句意和空格前的动词searching可知,此处表示“寻找”,而search for是固定短语,表示“搜索,寻找”,故填介词for。【典例印证2】Up till now,about 40 high schools across the country have

14、undertaken the task of being the first group of AI high education pilot program 8 introducing the textbook in the curriculum.解题思路by此题空格处无提示词。由句子结构和意义可知,此处应填介词by后接动词-ing形式表示方式,作状语。2.填冠词如果空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或者特指含义,或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式,此时该空格处要填写冠词。【典例印证1】“Usually red lanterns are hung outside the d

15、oors to ward off(避开) bad luck,” suggests Karen Katz,author of 21 picture book My First Chinese New Year.解题思路the此题空格处无提示词。由句意可知,此处特指My First Chinese New Year这本书,故填定冠词the。【典例印证2】“.The publication of the book is 5 breakthrough as it takes AI technology out of the ivory tower and makes it part of high s

16、chool learning,” said Lin Dahua,a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.解题思路a此题空格处无提示词。本句表示“出版首本AI教材是一个突破”,breakthrough(突破)是可数名词,根据语境可知,此处表示泛指,故其前应用不定冠词a。【典例印证3】Farming is 8 biggest threat:1,091 of the threatened bird species are in trouble because of the growth of agriculture.解题思路the此题空格

17、处无提示词。空格后biggest为形容词最高级,其前应使用定冠词the。3.填代词it的用法是考查重点,特别是it作形式主语和形式宾语的句型中,有时也可能考查人称代词。【典例印证1】1 is quite likely that people began using name chops because Chinese characters are so complex and few people in ancient times were able to read and write.解题思路It此题空格处无提示词。由句子结构可知,句中that引导的从句是真正的主语,故句首用It作形式主语。

18、【典例印证2】One winter break in primary school,my brothers schoolwork was writing thank-you notes while 8 (I) was making a hut(小屋) out of toothpicks!解题思路mine句中while连接两个表示对比的分句,对比的是作者哥哥的功课和作者的功课,此处用名词性物主代词mine指代my schoolwork。4.填各种连接词分析句子结构,如果空格前后是两个并列成分,如两个并列单词、短语或者句子等,而且相互并列的成分之间为并列、转折、选择、因果关系,此时应填并列连词。如

19、果连接词引导状语从句、定语从句或名词性从句,首先应分析句子成分,看看它引导哪一种从句,然后根据连接词的种类和意义来确定填哪一个连接词。【典例印证1】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government started a soil-testing program 9 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.解题思路that/w

20、hich此题空格处无提示词,考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,修饰先行词a soil-testing program,故填关系词that或which。【典例印证2】Im not sure 1 is more frightened,me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.解题思路who此题空格处无提示词,考查主语从句的连接词。由句子结构可知,Im not sure后面接宾语从句,根据句意应填who作从句的主语,表示“我不确定我和母猩猩两者中谁更害怕一点”。【典例

21、印证3】The test vehicles must be equipped with monitoring devices that can monitor driving behavior,collect vehicle location information and monitor 5 a vehicle is in self-driving mode.解题思路whether/if此题空格处无提示词,考查宾语从句的连接词。根据句子结构可知,空格处应填连词,空格前monitor为动词,根据句意应填 whether或if连接从句。解题示例解题示例(2020新高考山东)Many people

22、 have the hobby of collecting things,e.g.stamps,postcards or antiques.In the 18th and 19th centuries,36(wealth) people travelled and collected plants,historical objects and works of art.They kept their collection at home until it got too big 37 until they died,and then it was given to a museum.The 8

23、0,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,38(form) the core collection of the British Museum 39 opened in 1759.The parts of a museum open to the public 40(call) galleries or rooms.Often,only a small part of a museums collection 41(be) on display.Most of it is stored away or used for res

24、earch.Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors.As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine 42(they) living at a different time in history or 43(walk) through a rainforest.At the Jorvik Centre in York,the citys Viking settlement

25、is recreated,and people experience the sights,sounds and smells of the old town.Historical 44(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.Museums must compete 45 peoples spare time and money with other amusements.Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.

26、解题流程Step 1速读文章,把握大意。Step 2理解句意,弄清结构。Step 3先易后难,逐一闯关。Step 4回读全文,核实答案。答案详解【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍博物馆藏品的来源、用途以及博物馆当今的新功能。文章旨在鼓励学生去博物馆探求历史文化知识,感受艺术魅力,培养艺术品格。36.wealthy考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。思路分析:此处是形容词作定语,修饰后面的名词people。wealthy 意为“富裕的”。37.or考查并列连词。思路分析:由句意“收藏家等到家中藏品足够丰富或者他们死后,会将藏品捐赠给博物馆”可知,前后陈述两种可能性until it got to

27、o big或until they died,故用or连接。38.formed考查动词时态。思路分析:根据上文内容以及时间状语“in 1759”可知,应使用一般过去时,故填formed。39.which/that考查定语从句的关系词。思路分析:分析句子结构可知,空格处为定语从句,修饰前面的名词the British Museum(指物),且从句中缺少主语,故应填关系代词which或that。40.are called考查动词的时态和语态。思路分析:分析句子结构可知,句中缺少谓语,主语核心名词The parts与后面动词call之间构成被动关系,且此处说明事实,故使用一般现在时的被动语态。41.i

28、s考查时态和主谓一致。思路分析:主语是a small part,谓语动词应使用单数;此处说明事实,故用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式is。42.themselves考查代词。思路分析:句中使用的是imagine sb doing sth这一结构,句子主语是 visitors,故使用反身代词 themselves表示“他们自己”。43.walking考查非谓语动词。思路分析:由并列连词or可知,后面部分与living at a different time in history形式一致,故使用walking。44.accuracy考查词性转换(形容词变名词)。思路分析:空格前面的Historica

29、l为形容词,故后面应使用名词作主语。45.for考查介词。思路分析:由句意“博物馆必须与其他娱乐方式为人们的业余时间和金钱而竞争”可知,此处使用固定短语compete for.,表示“为而竞争”,故填介词for。真题演练真题演练 明趋势明趋势Unit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4Unit 1 A(2020全国)China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Change-4 probe(探测器)the name was inspired b

30、y an ancient Chinese moon goddess1(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.Landing on the moons far side is 2(extreme) challenging.Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3 it could send s

31、ignals to the spacecraft and toUnit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4Earth.The far side of the moon is of particular 4(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山),more so 5 the familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 6(find) and study areas of t

32、he South Pole-Aitken basin.“This really excites scientists,”Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,“because it 7(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 8(construct).”Data about the moons composition,such as how 9 ice and other treasures it contains,could help C

33、hina decide whether 10(it) plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical. Unit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了嫦娥四号无人探测器在月球背面成功着陆,彰显了中国成为第一个使探测器在月球背面着陆的国家的民族自豪感。1.touched考查动词的时态。分析句子成分可知,主语为The unmanned Change-4 probe,设空处为谓语动词,根据空后的last week可知,此处应用一般过去时。2.extremely考查副词。此处修饰形容词challenging,应

34、用副词形式。3.where考查定语从句。先行词是一个表示地点的名词spot,并且引导词在从句中充当地点状语,故用关系副词where。4.interest考查名词。“be+of+抽象名词”为固定搭配。Unit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 45.than考查介词。前面的more是提示,构成比较结构。6.to find考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,这里用不定式短语做目的状语。7.means考查动词的时态。根据上文的时态可知此处应用一般现在时,这里用it做主语,故用mean的第三人称单数形式。8.is constructed考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,moon与动词constr

35、uct之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态。9.much考查形容词。设空处后面的ice是不可数名词,故用much修饰。10.its考查代词。由后面的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词。故用its。Unit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4B(2020全国)Decorating with Plants,Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New YearChinese New Year is a 1(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.T

36、his is why decorating with plants,fruits and flowers 2(carry) special significance.They represent the earth 3(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:Unit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4Oranges:Orange trees are more 4 decoration;they

37、are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.They make great gifts and you see them many times 5(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.Bamboo:Chinese love their“Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.6(certain) during the holiday period,this plant

38、is a must.Bamboo plants are associated 7 health,abundance and a happy home.They are easy 8(care) for and make great presents.Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花):The 9(beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.The plum trees are 10 first to flower even as the snow

39、 is melting (融化).They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.Unit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国人过新年使用的一些装饰品以及各自的含义和寓意。1.celebration考查名词。根据前面的不定冠词a可知,此处应用名词形式。2.carries考查动词时态。该句含有why引导的表语从句,从句的主语是decorating,所以此处谓语应用第三人称单数形式。ing考查非谓语动词。设空处做动词represent的宾语,所以用动词-ing形式。4.than

40、考查固定搭配。根据前面的more以及后面的a symbol of good fortune and wealth可知,此处用than。more than在此处意为“不仅仅是”。Unit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 45.decorated考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,them与decorate之间是动宾关系,所以用动词-ed形式。6.Certainly考查副词。设空处位于句首,修饰整个句子,应该用副词形式。7.with考查介词。be associated with是固定搭配,意为“与有关”。8.to care考查非谓语动词。此处为“be+ad

41、j.+to do”结构,其中不定式做状语。9.beautiful考查形容词。由后面的long branches可知,此处应用形容词修饰名词。10.the考查冠词。设空处修饰后面的序数词first,所以用定冠词,特指“第一个”。Unit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4Unit 2 A(2020全国)In ancient China lived an artist 1 paintings were almost lifelike.The artists reputation had made him proud.One day the emperor wanted to get his p

42、ortrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 2(fine) work,so that he could choose the best.The artist was sure he would 3(choose),but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister,the old man laughed.The wise old man told him to travel to the Li Riverp

43、erhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.Unit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4Filled with 4(curious),the artist packed his bags and left.5 he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist,they smiled and 6(point) down the river.The next mo

44、rning he hired a boat and set out 7(find) the well-known painter.As the small boat moved 8(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue.And when he saw the mists rising from

45、 the river and the soft clouds 9(surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist 10 earth,Mother Nature.Unit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4【语篇导读】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生,有一天他将画送给宰相时,这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。1.

46、whose考查定语从句引导词。此处为限制性定语从句修饰先行词artist,且定语从句中缺少定语,故用whose引导。2.finest考查最高级。结合空前出现的all great artists可知,这里表示“呈现出他们最好的作品”,故用形容词的最高级。3.be chosen考查被动语态。would后需跟动词原形,主语he与谓语动词choose之间是被动关系,故用be chosen。Unit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 44.curiosity考查名词。with为介词,后面需要跟名词做宾语,filled with curiosity表示“充满好奇”。5.When/As考查状语从句。当他问

47、漓江岸上的村民在哪里能找到这位传奇的艺术家时,他们微笑着指着河的下游。此处表示“当的时候”,故用When/As。6.pointed考查时态。根据空前的动词smiled可知,此处也应用一般过去时,表示当时的动作。7.to find考查动词不定式。第二天早晨,他租了一条船,出发去寻找那位著名的画家。这里用to find表示目的。Unit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 48.gently考查副词。分析句子结构可知,这里需要用副词gently来修饰动词moved。9.surrounding考查动词-ing形式。当他看到雾从漓江上升起,而山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。see sb/sth do

48、ing sth表示“看到某人/某物正在做某事”。10.on考查介词。on earth为固定搭配,意为“在世界上”。Unit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4B(2020浙江)Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 1,through agriculture.Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on 2 could be hunted or gathered from the wil

49、d,and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.Farming produced more food per person 3 hunting and gathering,so people were able to raise more children.And,as more children were born,more food 4(need).Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 5(change)

50、lives.Unit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4By about 6,000 BC,people 6(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.Later,they learned to work with the 7(season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas,8(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.This style of farming lasted for quite a lo