2017年云南昆明理工大学考博英语真题.pdf

1、2017 年云南昆明理工大学考博英语真题考生答题须知1 所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。2 评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。3 答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔） ，用其它笔答题不给分。4 答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。Part IIStructure and Vocabulary( 15 points )Directions: In this part, there are fifteen incomplete s

2、entences. For each sentence fouralternatives A, B, C or D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completesthe sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.1.It is rather _ that we still do not know how many species there are in the worldtoday.A. misleadingB. boringC. emb

3、arrassingD. demanding2.Although not an economist himself, Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of thegovernments _ policies.A. economicalB. economicC. economyD. economics3.At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment whensome distant mountain is not _.A. on vie

4、wB. at a glanceC. on the sceneD. in sight4.Being impatient is _ with being a good teacher.A. intrinsicB. ingeniousC. incompatibleD. inherent5.She was so _ in her job that she didnt hear anybody knocking at the door.A. attractedB. absorbedC. drawnD. concentrated6.Jack was about to announce our plan b

5、ut I _.A. cut him shortB. gave him upC. turned him outD. put him through7.When Jack was eighteen he _ going around with a strange set of people and stayingout very late.A. took toB. took upC. took forD. took on8.You see the lightning _ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.A. the instantB. for

6、an instantC. on the instantD. in an instant9.It is said that the math teacher seems _ towards bright students.A. preferableB. partialC. beneficialD. liable10. It is hard to tell whether we are going to have a boom in the economy or a _.A. concessionB. submissionC. transmissionD. recession11. People

7、who like to wear red clothes are more likely to be talkative and _.A. vivaciousB. perilousC. introvertedD. lucrative12. Benjamin Franklin, tactless in his youth, became so diplomatic, so _ at handlingpeople that he was made American Ambassador to France.A. shrewdB. foxyC. considerateD. adroit13. Con

8、sumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply _every cheat in the marketplace.A. in lieu ofB. for the price ofC. by courtesy ofD. at the mercy of14. Reporters and photographers alike took great _ at the rude way the actor behavedduring the interview.A. annoyanceB. resen

9、tmentC. offenceD. irritation15. If you work under a car when repairing it, you often get very _.A. waxyB. stickyC. slipperyD. greasyPart III.Reading Comprehension ( 40 points )Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished statements. For ea

10、ch of them there are four choices marked A,B, C and D. You should decide on the BEST choices and then mark the corresponding letteron the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1The prefix Mach is used to describe supersonic speed. It was named for Ernst Mach(1838-1916), a Czech-born Austrian physicist, who contribut

11、ed to the study of sound.When twice the speed of sound, it is Mach 2. When it is near but below the speed of sound,its speed can be designated at less than Mach 1, for example, Mach 0.9. Mach is definedas the ratio of the velocity of a rocket or a jet to the velocity of sound in the mediumbeing cons

12、idered.When a plane passes the sound barrierflying faster than sound travelslistenersin the area hear thunderclaps, but the pilot of the plane does not hear them.Sound is produced by vibrations of an object and is transmitted by alternate increaseand decrease in pressure that radiate outward through

13、 a material media of molecules somewhat like waves spreading out on a pond after a rock has been tossed into it.The frequency of sound is determined by the number of times the vibrating wavesundulate 波动 per second and is measured in cycles per second. The slower the cycle ofwaves, the lower the freq

14、uency. As frequencies increase, the sound is higher in pitch.Sound is audible to human beings only if the frequency falls within a certain range.The human ear is usually not sensitive to frequencies of fewer than 20 vibrations persecond, or more than about 20,000 vibrations per secondalthough this r

15、ange varies amongindividuals. Anything at a pitch higher than the human ear can hear is termed ultrasonic.Intensity, or loudness, is the strength of the pressure of these radiating wavesand is measured in decibels. The human ear responds to intensity in a range from zeroto 120 decibels. Any sound wi

16、th pressure over 120 decibels is painful to the human ear.The speed of sound is generally placed at 1,088 feet per second at sea level at32 degrees Fahrenheit. It varies in other temperatures and in different media. Soundtravels faster in water than in air, and even faster in iron and steel. It trav

17、els amile in 5 seconds in air, it does a mile under water in 1 second, and it travels throughiron in 1/3 second. It travels through ice cold vapor at approximately 4,708 feet persecond; ice-cold water, 4,938; granite, 12,960; hardwood, 12,620; brick, 11,960; glass,16,410 to 19,690; silver, 8,658; go

18、ld, 5,717.各类考试资料 vx：344647 公众号：顺通考试资料16. According to this passage, “Mach” refers to _.A. the ratio of the air speed of an aircraft to the speed of soundB. a machineC. a Czech-born Australian physicistD. the pilot of the plane17. Sound is produced by _.A. vibrations of an object passing through the

19、airB. spreading of waves after a rock being tossed into a pondC. thundersD. a flying plane18. Decibel is _.A. the frequency of radiating wavesB. the pressure of radiating wavesC. the unit for measuring the intensity of soundD. the speed of sound19. Which of the following is a TRUE statement?A. Sound

20、 travels fastest through the hardest thing.B. Sound travels at different speed in different temperatures and in different media.C. Sound travels fastest in hottest temperature.D. Sound travels fastest in coldest temperature.20. Which of the following can serve as the best title of this passage?A. Th

21、e Prefix Mach.B. The Speed of Sound.C. The Frequency of Sound.D. The Intensity of Sound.Passage 2Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every aspect of ourlife, educated people need at least some idea of its structure and operation. They shouldalso have an understanding

22、of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of peoplethey are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientificconcepts is easier to obtain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustratethe scientist.This book is written for the in

23、telligent student or lay person whose knowledge of scienceis superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse ofdried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production ofgadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some so

24、rt of magician. The book canbe used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to givean understanding of the modern world, or independently of any course, simply to provide abetter understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspecti

25、veon scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are,and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship betweenscience and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture.In addition, readers may l

26、earn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views andsome of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of thescientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent year

27、scome to consist of more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientificsubculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all partsof society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significantcontributions.In discussing these chan

28、ges and contribution, however, we are faced with a languagethat is somewhat sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecifiedindividuals. To balance this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using pluralnouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessar

29、y, alternating himand her. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgement ofthe inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approachis usually informal. We feel, as many

30、 other scientists do, that we shouldnt takeourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastimerather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.21. According to the passage, scientific subculture means _.A. cultural groups that are formed by scientists.B. p

31、eople whose knowledge of science is very limitedC. the scientific communityD. people who make good contribution to science22. We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because_.A. it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists.B. science aff

32、ects almost every aspect of our life.C. scientists live in a specific subculture.D. it is easier to understand general characteristics of science.23. The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who _.A. are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about scienceB

33、. are good at producing various gadgetsC. work in a storehouse of dried facts.D. want to have a superficial understanding of science.24. According to this passage, which of the following is true?A. English is a sexist language.B. Only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.C

34、. Women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of ourlanguage.D. Male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.25. The text most probably is _.A. a book reviewB. the preface of a bookC. the postscript of a bookD. the concluding part of a bookPassage 3Do

35、es using a word processor affect a writer s style？The medium usually does dosomething to the message after all, even if Marshall McLuhans claim that the medium simplyis the message has been heard and largely forgotten now. The question matters. Ray Hammond,in his excellent guideThe Writer and the Wo

36、rd Processor, predicts that over half theprofessional writers in Britain and the USA will be using word processors by the end of 1985.The best-known recruit is Len Deighton, from as long ago as 1968, though most users have onlystarted since the microcomputer boom began in 1980.Ironically word proces

37、sing is in some ways psychologically more like writing in roughthan typing, since it restores fluidity and provisionality to the text. The typists dreadof having to get out the Tippex, the scissors and paste, or of redoing the whole thing ifhe has any substantial second thoughts, can make him consis

38、tently choose the safer optionin his sentences, or let something stand which he knows to be unsatisfactory or incomplete,out of weariness. In word processing the text is loosened up whilst still retaining theadvantage of looking formally finished.This has, I think, two apparently contradictory effec

39、ts. The initial writing can becomeexcessively sloppy and careless, in the expectation that it will be corrected later. Thatcrucial first inspiration is never easy to recapture, though, and therefore, on the otherhand, the writing can become over-deliberated, lacking in flow and spontaneity, since re

40、visionbecomes a larger part of composition. However, these are faults easier to detect in othersthan in oneself. My own experience of the sheer difficulty of committing any words at allto the page means Im grateful for all the help I can get.For most writers, word processing quite rapidly comes to f

41、eel like the ideal method (andcan always be a second step after drafting on paper if you prefer). Most of the writersinterviewed by Hammond say it has improved their style. (“immensely”, says Deighton). Seeingyour own word on a screen helps you to feel cool and detached about them.Thus it is not jus

42、t by freeing you from the labor of mechanical retyping that a wordprocessor can help you to write. One author (Terence Feely) claims it has increased his outputby 400%. Possibly the feeling of having a reactive machine, which appears to do things, ratherthan just have things done with it, accounts f

43、or thisyour slave works hard and so do you.Are there no drawbacks? It costs a lot and takes time to learn“expect to lose weeksof work”, says Hammond, though days might be nearer the mark. Notoriously it is possibleto lose work altogether on a word processor, and this happens to everybody at least on

44、ce.The awareness that what you have written no longer exists anywhere at all, is unbelievablyenraging and baffling.Will word processing generally raise the level of professional writing then? Does it makewriters better as well as more productive? Though all users insist it has done so for themindivi

45、dually, this is hard to believe. But reliance happens fast.26. What appears to be changing rapidly in Britain and the USA？A. The style writers are employing.B. The way new writers are being recruited.C. The medium authors are using.D. The message authors are putting forward.27. Typing a manuscript i

46、n the conventional manner may make a writer _.A. have a lot of second thoughtsB. become overcritical of his or her workC. make more mistakesD. take few risks28. One effect of using a word processor may be that the ongoing revision of a text _.A. is done with too little attentionB. produces a sloppy

47、effectC. fails to produce a fluent styleD. does not encourage one to pick up mistakes29. It is claimed here that word processors create _.A. a feeling of distance between a writer and his or her workB. the illusion that you are the servant of the machineC. a sensation of powerD. a reluctance in the

48、author to express himself or herself30. As far as learning to use a word processor is concerned, the author of the passage feelsthat Hammond _.A. is understating the problemB. exaggerates one drawbackC. is too skeptical about the advantageD. overestimates the danger of losing textPassage 4It is said

49、 that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in Californiaoptional. Small wonder. Americans life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century.Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minutesurgical procedure. Such advances offer t

50、he aging population a quality of life that wasunimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care systemcan cure deathand our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and peris