北京大学2014年考博英语真题.doc

1、北京大学2014年考博英语真题1. _ before we leave the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful time together.A Had they arrived B Would they arrive C Were they arriving D Were they to arrive2._ last year and is now earning his living as an advertising agent.A He would leave school B He left school C He had

2、left school D He has left school 3.Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remained _.A to be shown B to have been shown C to have shown D being shown4._ that should be given priority to.A It is the committee has de

3、cided C It is what the committee has decidedB It is only the committee has decided D It is what has the committee decided5. The most interesting new cars may owe _ the simple wisdom of hiring a few talented people and allowing them to work.A less local free-spiritedness than C to less local free-spi

4、ritedness than toB less local free-spiritedness than to D less to local free-spiritedness than to6. Over the years, Jimmy Connors _ phenomenal displays of tennis and temperand at the U.S. Open last week, he exhibited both again.A has treated spectators with C has treated spectatorsB has treated spec

5、tator for D has treated spectators to7. Summer holidays spent on the hot ghetto streets are _ the time middle-class students devote to camps, exotic vacations and highly organized sports.A as hardly culturally enriching as C hardly as culturally enriching asB as hardly enriching culture as D hardly

6、as cultural enriching as8. The major obstacle to the reform in New Orleans, _, is money.A as is it across the country C as it were across the country B as it is across the country D as were it across the country9.Nearly all trees have seeds that fall to the earth, take root, and eventually _.A gener

7、ate new seeds C generates new seedsB new seeds generated D new seeds are generated10. The well-maintained facility in San Francisco _ leagues in virtually every sport.A were home to B was the home of C was home to D was home of11. Students at these schools test far below the state average in reading

8、, and their scores have improved only _.A marginally B marvelously C martially D markably12. I was in some doubt as to whether the Corporal had _ us accidentally on his way out of the town or if hed been deliberately tasked.Acrashed on Bbumped into Cfallen against Dpuzzled about13. In previous time,

9、 when fresh meat was in short _, pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food.A storage B reserve C supply D provision14. The hospital denies there is any connection between the disciplinary action and Dr. Reids _ about health problems.A allegiance B alliance C allegations D alliteration

10、15. The organization issued a cry of alarm last week, citing “_ evidence” that those children are not receiving the same quality of education as their richer peers.A comparing B completing C compelling D composing16. Since no one could _ his scribbling, the chief editor decided to replace him with a

11、nother columnist.A encode B decipher C clear D identify17.Many Fine Art graduates take _ professional practice as artists, and this course encourages them to consider their role as artists in the community by providing opportunities for short-term placements outside the Faculty.A down B up C out D i

12、n18. The statement said the people of Srebrenica _ to the presidents of the United States and France to help halt the offensive.A aroused B ascribed C acclaimed D appealed19. The professor stopped for a drink and then _ with his lecture on the Indian culture.A proceeded B processed C preferred D pre

13、sented20. Although the false banknotes fooled many people, they did not _ close examination.A put up with B keep up with C stand up to D look up toPart III: Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: Each of the following three passages is followed by some questions. For each question four answers a

14、re given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Passage OneIn science the meaning of the word “explain” suffers with civilizations every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and

15、 gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first speculated on the electrification of amber. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces“really”

16、are. Electricity, Bertrand Russell says, “is not a thing, like St. Pauls Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell.” Until recently scientists woul

17、d have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that

18、everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because thats where they belong, and smoke goes up because thats where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modern science was born when Galileo began tryin

19、g to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.21. Bertrand Russells notion about electricity is _.A disapproved of by most modern scientistsB in agreement with Aristotles theory of self-evident principlesC

20、 in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “how” things happenD in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “why” things happen 42. The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea that _.A there are self-evident principles B there are mysteriou

21、s forces in the universe C man cannot discover what forces “really” are D we can discover why things behave as they do22. The expression “speculated on” (line 4) means _ .A considered B suspected C expected D engaged in buying and sellingPassage TwoThe concept of personal choice in relation to healt

22、h behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral bou

23、ndaries of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life-style without any e

24、xercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health

25、 but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do. A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given

26、individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choice. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Crapo draw a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself ov

27、er to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical p

28、robability of increased vitality and longevity.23. The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because _.A it is essential to personal freedom in American societyB it helps raise the level of our medical knowledgeC personal health choices help cure most illnessesD wrong decisions c

29、ould lead to poor health24. Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because _.A current medical knowledge is still insufficientB there are many factors influencing our decisionsC people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friendsD few people are willing to trade the quali

30、ty of life for the quantity of life25. According to Fries and Crapo, sound health choice should be based on _.A personal decisions B societys laws Cfriends opinions D statistical evidencePassage ThreeFor gathering data about individuals or groups at different developmental levels, researchers can us

31、e two related research designs: longitudinal and cross-sectional.A longitudinal study is one that measures a behavior or a characteristic of an individual over a period of time, perhaps decades. An example of such a study is the Berkeley Growth Study begun in 1928 by Nancy Bayley. The study focused

32、on a group of 74 white, middle-class newborns. As they grew older, extensive measures of their intellectual, personality, and motor development were recorded. The subjects were studied for more than thirty years.The longitudinal research design is a powerful technique for seeking understandings of t

33、he effects of early experiences on later development. Also, differences in or stability of behaviors or characteristics at different ages can be determined. Longitudinal studies, however, are expensive to conduct, time-consuming, and heavily contingent on the patience and persistence of the research

34、ers. The findings of a longitudinal study may be jeopardized by relocation of subjects to another part of the country and by boredom or irritation at repeated testing. Another disadvantage is that society changes from one time to another and the subjects participating in the study reflect to some de

35、gree such changes. The methods of study or the questions guiding the researchers may also change from one time to another. If properly conducted, however, longitudinal studies can produce useful, direct information about development.A cross-sectional study is one in which subjects of differing ages

36、are selected and compared on a specific behavior or characteristic. They are alike with respect to socioeconomic status, sex, or educational level. For example, a researcher may be interested in looking at changes in intelligence over a thirty-year period. Three groups of subjects, ages ten, twenty,

37、 and thirty, may be selected and tested. Conclusions are drawn from the test data.The cross-sectional research design has the clear advantage of being less expensive to conduct and certainly less time-consuming. The major disadvantage is that different individuals who make up the study sample have n

38、ot been observed over time. No information about past influences on development or about age-related changes is secured. Like longitudinal studies, the cross-sectional methods cannot erase the generational influence that exists when subjects studied are born at different time. Psychologists are now

39、beginning to use an approach that combines longitudinal and cross-sectional research methods.26. Which of the following is NOT one of the disadvantages of a longitudinal research? A The subjects may become irritated at repeated testing.B The participants in the study may not stay in one place for ma

40、ny years.C The behavior of a subject in the study may be measured continuously for many years.D Social changes may be reflected in the behaviors of the subjects participating in the study.27. The word “contingent” in the third paragraph probably means _.A dependent B consecutive C determined D conti

41、nual28. Which of the following statements is true?A The subjects in a cross-sectional research are not of the same age group.B The methods of study in longitudinal research will not change over time.C Longitudinal research is reliable only in seeking understandings of the effects of early experience

42、s on later development.D Cross-sectional methods are not usually adopted in studying, for example, the changes in intelligence over a thirty-year period.29.One of the differences between cross-sectional research and longitudinal research is that _.A the latter usually focuses on only one subject, while the former involves groups of subjectsB the former can be free from the influence of social changesC the latter can be free from the influence of social changesD the former costs less money and takes less time