2015年4月托福真题回忆及解析.doc

1、2015年4月托福真题回忆及解析【导语】天高任鸟飞，海阔凭鱼跃；考试的舞台，秀出你的精彩；一宿好睡眠，精神百倍；一颗平常心，沉着应对；一口长舒气，放松压力；祝你金榜题名！以下是无忧考网小编为你搜集整理的2015年4月托福部分真题，希望你喜欢!2015年4月托福举行了两场考试，分别是4月12日及4月18日4 月 12 曰托福独立写作范文赏析：Do you agree or disagree with the statement: Internet is asimportant as other service such as building roads that government shou

2、ld make Internet access to all the citizens at no cost.The rapid growth of Internet access makes it convenient to meet people* s demand. Although Internet has brought lots of benefits to our daily life, it is not a necessity. It is too extreme for the government to provide free Internet for all the

3、citizens.Granted, in today s society, internet access is important. E-mail has become a standard communication medium, and entertainment is often streamed or downloaded instead of being delivered through more traditional means. However, the internet is more of a luxury than a necessity. People in ci

4、ties managed fine before the advent of the internet, but they still needed public transportation to get from place to place. If the internet failed tomorrow, we could still call each other via phone or radio. We could still watch movies on DVDs. But Internet access is not as important as building ro

5、ads. If the transportation failed, people could not live as usual like going to school or visiting some important places the streets would be filled with so many cars and people that school would probably be over before I could get there. Thus, no matter how big influence the Internet has on our lif

6、e, it cannot complete with some basic service like building roads.However, it will be a huge expenditure to make sure the Internet available for everyone. More money goes to the Internet means less budget on other fields. Especially in big cities, there are so many issues more important than Interne

7、t waiting to be solved. Take public transportation as an example, people in big cities average spend over 2 hours to get to work. The benefits brought from improving roads are greater than improving the Internet. After a survey pooling by the National Development and Reform Commission, ten million o

8、nbuilding roads may lead to 0.05% on economic growth, while ten million on Internet access does less good. The same story goes to other aspects like medical care, public education and so on.Furthermore, providing free Internet access does harm to economy. Internet access, operated by many private co

9、mpanies, is hard to administrate all by government. For one thing, the customers will suffer. As one of the new industry, Internet has attracted much private capita! which complete equally. Once made free for charge, the competitive factors like price, speed and after-sale services made before are p

10、ointless. A vicious spiral comes as no competition result in worse quality and then less working efficiency. For another, native Internet firm will suffer. It is useless for them to go on. As such business takes up big percentage in emerging market, economy will be influenced.In conclusion, although

11、 Internet is increasingly gaining its popularity, it is not a good idea for the government to invest on free Internet.4 月 12 日托福独立写作难度分析及范文题目:Internet is as important as other service such as building roads that government should make Internet access to all the citizens at no cost.这一题是 2014 年北美机经的重复

12、，只改动了不多的内容，在大陆考区是第一次出现。因此对于备考托福的学子而言，北美真题与大陆托福机经同样重要。本题属于不太典型的利弊类题既提到了提供免费网络的优势劣势，又设计了互联网本 身的重要性，因此对考生有一些误导的作用。我的建议是化繁为简，既然互联网本身的确很重 要， 互联网连接和修建公路孰轻孰重不宜作为讨论的重点，重点放在互联网是否应免费就好。题目中已经明确提到了 citizen,对他们的影响当然是要首先考虑的。此外，题目设计政府，自然可考虑对于国家政泊、经济等各方面起到的作用，所以不难想到免费的互联网对于互联网提供商的影响也是很直接的。网络既然免费，供应商的利润自然下滑。对于普通用户而言

13、，免费的网络意味着用户的激增，自然造成服务质量的下降。从这两方面考虑，无论网络本身有多强大的功能，都抵不过这两大弊端带来的影响，所以选择否定是比较容易的立场。4 月 12 日托福写作参考范文business would go bankruptcy, all the staff would thus become unemployed, which could be a huge economic and social disaster for government.In conclusion, both considering the privileges for Internet users

14、 and the destiny of Internet Despite the huge impact of the Internet, as a convenient tool for educational, vocational and recreational purposes, offering free Internet access should be viewed as a short-sighted, ill- considered proposal. For both personal and commercial concerns, Internet with no c

15、harges will inevitably bring about unexpected fallout. Therefore, I hold my point that under no circumstances should the government provide free Internet access for the public.First, for the users of Internet, free of charge means declination of quality. So limited is the total bandwidth of Internet

16、 access, that more computers and phones connected to the Internet means slower speed for each individual user. Now, as Internet could be available only after payment, those unwilling to spend money on the Internet leaves fairly enough bandwidth for the registered users. However, were Internet free o

17、f charge for citizens, almost everyone, whether with urgent or irrelevant aims, would have connected to the Internet for 24 hours 7 days. Then, without doubt, so many citizens watching online videos, downloading large-scale softwares or chatting via video cam with more than 10 friends, the Internet

18、must be slower than those using a primitive 14.4k modem. So, for the rights to access fast enough Internet, government should never make it free.Second, for the businesses providing Internet access, free Internet services will ruin their future. As Internet become an essential part for people s life

19、, many companies working on offering fast, stable Internet access become strong business tycoons. For instance, Vodafone, one of the largest Internet service provider, has established 14 branches in different countries and recruited over 1.4 million employees. However, were free Internet service eme

20、rged, what would probably happen to these fast-growing business? Internet users, finding ways to download music or send voice mails without any charge, will soonabandon these Internet business sending bills to them every month. Then, not only suchservice providers, I strongly believe that government

21、 should never try to make Internet access free.4 月 12 日托福阅读真题回忆：第一篇：Japan 建筑的 change第一篇讲的日本建筑风格的改变，第一段概述，大概就是讲日本建筑风格改变和政体及农业改变是相关的。第二段，介绍日本的旧建筑风格是使用很多容易腐蚀的材料，日本人喜欢拆了盖，盖了 拆，move and replace,但是也算不上浪费，因为房子需要修葺，坏了的组件拿去扔掉，烧掉， 好的组件继续用。第三段，就是说日本政治结合比较多，所以一大家子人住在 palace 里，这里有题，是缩写题。第四段，随着日本发展，他们需要稳定居所，然后发现

22、china 什么的有个首都， 有房子可以随便住，这个好，他们也要这么干.后来继承中国的方式，就有了主要宫殿和平常休闲的 summer palace。4 月 12 曰托福阅读词汇题汇下：account for = explainv.解释cite = mentionV.引用detect = observeV.观察extensive = largeadj.广泛的feasible = practicaladj.可行的foster = encouragev.促进frigid = coldadj.极冷的in essence = basicallyadv.基本上、本质上remnant =remaindern

23、.残余部分remote = isolatedadj.偏僻的scale = sizen.规模、范围第篇：商Japan 建筑的 change第一篇讲的日本建筑風格的改变，第一段概述，大概就是讲日本建筑风格改变和政体及农业改变是相关的。第二段，介绍曰本的旧建筑风格是使用很多容易腐蚀的材料，曰本人喜欢拆了盖， 盖了拆， move and replace,但是也算不上浪费，因为房子需要修葺，坏了的组 件拿去扔掉，烧掉，好的组件继续用。第三段，就是说日本政治结合比较多，所以一大家子人住在 palace 里，这里有题，是缩写题。第四段，随着日本发展，他们需要稳定居所，然后发现 china 什么的有个首都，

24、有房子可以随便住，这个好，他们也要这么干.后来继承中国的方式，就有了主要宫殿和平常休闲的 summer palace。解析：本文为建筑与历史的跨学科主题，关注的是日本建筑的变化，重复 2012 年大陆题。有关曰本的文章在机经中还是比较常见的，比如考核曰本绘画风格、 陶瓷、土地私有化、教育、历史、日本气候、农业等，所以背景知识方面不属于太冷门的.参考阅读：Japanese architecture has traditionally been typified by wooden structures, elevated slightly off the ground, with tiled o

25、r thatched roofs. Sliding doors (fusuma) were used in place of walls, allowing the internal configuration of a space to be customized for different occasions. People usually sat on cushions or otherwise on the floor, traditionally; chairs and high tables were not widely used until the 20th century.

26、Since the 19th century, however, Japan has incorporated much of Western, modern, and post-modern architecture into construction and design, and is today a leader in cutting-edge architectural design and technology.The earliest Japanese architecture was seen in prehistoric times in simple pit-houses

27、and stores that were adapted to a hunter-gatherer population.Influence from Han Dynasty China via Korea saw the introduction of more complex grain stores and ceremonial burial chambers.The introduction into Japan of Buddhism in the sixth century was a catalyst for large-scale temple building using c

28、omplicated techniques in wood. Influence from the Chinese Tang and Sui Dynasties led to the foundation of the first permanent capital in Nara. Its checkerboard street layout used the Chinese capita! of Changan as a template for its design. A gradual increase in the size of buildings led to standard

29、units of measurement as well as refinements in layout and garden design. The introduction of the tea ceremony emphasised simplicity and modest design as a counterpoint to the excesses of the aristocracy.During the Meiji Restoration of 1868 the history of Japanese architecture was radically changed b

30、y two important events. The first was the Kami and Buddhas Separation Act of 1868, which formally separated Buddhism from Shinto and Buddhist temples from Shinto shrines, breaking an association between the two which had lasted well over a thousand years and causing, directly and indirectly, immense

31、 damage to the nations architecture.Second, it was then that Japan underwent a period of intense Westernization in order to compete with other developed countries. Initially architects and styles from abroad were imported to Japan but gradually the country taught its own architects and began to expr

32、ess its own style. Architects returning from study with western architects introduced the International Style of modernism into Japan. However, it was not until after the Second World War that Japanese architects made an impression on the international scene, firstly with the work of architects like

33、 Kenzo Tange and then with theoretical movements like Metabolism.第二篇：太阳系的起源大部分科学家认为太阳系是由 large nebulous 开多成的，nebulous 大部分是由 氢氦组成， 还有一些较重元素。可能由于 5 亿年钱的 supernova 产生 shock wave , nebulius 形成了温度极高的 pre-sun ,之后其他星球渐渐形成。inner planets 讨论了一段（不记得具体的了）outer planets 由于离太阳比较远，温 度比较低，有较多 ice 解析：本文属于天文类文章，关注的是太阳

34、系的起源。不管是起源类文章还是太 阳系有关文章在 TPO 中都并不少见，所以结构和内容学员都不陌生。需要注意 的是，天文类文章部分同学容易出现偏科现象，在考前准备的时候一定要确保覆 盖到天文类文章的练习，避免临场发挥失常。参考阅读：The formation of the Solar System began 4.6 billion years ago with the gravitational collapse of a small part of a giant molecular cloud. Most of the collapsing mass collected in the c

35、enter, forming the Sun, while the rest flattened into a protoplanetary disk out of which the planets, moons, asteroids, and other small Solar System bodies formed.This widely accepted model, known as the nebular hypothesis, was first developed in the 18th century by Emanuel Swedenborg, Immanuel Kant

36、, and Pierre-Simon Laplace. Its subsequent development has interwoven a variety of scientific disciplines including astronomy, physics, geology, and planetary science. Since the dawn of the space age in the 1950s and the discovery of extrasolar planets in the 1990s, the model has been both challenge

37、d and refined to account for new observations.formed from circling discs of gas and dust around their parent planets, while other moonsare thought to have formed independently and later been captured by their planets. StillThe Solar System has evolved considerably since its initial formation. Many m

38、oons haveothers, such as the Moon, may be the result of giant collisions. Collisions between bodieshave occurred continually up to the present day and have been central to the evolution of the Solar System. The positions of the planets often shifted due to gravitational interactions.This planetary m

39、igration is now thought to have been responsible for much of the Solar Systems early evolution.In roughly 5 billion years, the Sun will cool and expand outward many times its current diameter (becoming a red giant), before casting off its outer layers as a planetary nebula and leaving behind a stell

40、ar remnant known as a white dwarf. In the far distant future, the gravity of passing stars will gradually reduce the Suns retinue of planets. Some planets will be destroyed, others ejected into interstellar space. Ultimately, over the course of tens of billions of years, it is likely that the Sun wi

41、ll be left with none of the original bodies in orbit around it.第三篇：由于 geological process 形成的岛 ill 与例如 volcanic island 上的物种是由于風、鸟等传播带来的，跟板块形成的岛屿上的物种多样性不一样。由于 4 facts 导致的。前三个在一段讲的， 重点讲了第四个，是因为 wind 影响了 rain 从而导致 不同。最后一段说了两个特点，考了一个鸟等动物数量说是因为没有 predator, 还有晡乳动物考了一个细节题。分析：本文是生物类文章，关注生物多样性这一很经典的主题。这篇文章相当于

42、一篇较多主题综合的文章，涵盖地质板块、物种传播及捕食者与被捕食者间的关 系等，信息教混杂，但是因为单个板块内容在 TP0 中都十分常见，所以整体不 是太难。参考阅读：Most animals are capable of locomotion and the basic mechanism of dispersal is movement from one place to another. Locomotion allows the organism to test new environments fortheir suitability, provided they are within

43、 the animals range. Movements are usually guidedby inherited behaviors.The formation of barriers to dispersal or gene flow between adjacent areas can isolatepopulations on either side of the emerging divide. The geographic separation and subsequent genetic isolation of portions of an ancestral popul

44、ation can result in speciation.Plant dispersal mechanismSeed dispersal is the movement or transport of seeds away from the parent plant. Plants have limited mobility and consequently rely upon a variety of dispersal vectors to transport their propagules, including both abiotic and biotic vectors. Se

45、eds can be dispersed away from the parent plant individually or collectively, as well as dispersed in both space and time. The patterns of seed dispersal are determined in large part by the dispersal mechanism and this has important implications for the demographic and genetic structure of plant pop

46、ulations, as well as migration patterns and species interactions. There are five main modes of seed dispersal: gravity, wind, ballistic, water and by animals.Animal dispersal mechanismsThere are numerous animal forms that are nonmotile, such as sponges, bryozoans, tunicates, sea anemones, corals, an

47、d oysters. In common, they are all either marine or aquatic. It may seem curious that plants have been so successful at stationary life on land, while animals have not, but the answer lies in the food supply. Plants produce their own food from sunlight and carbon dioxideboth generally more abundant

48、on land than in water. Animals fixed in place must rely on the surrounding medium to bring food at least close enough to grab, and this occurs in the three-dimensional water environment, but with much less abundance in the atmosphere.All of the marine and aquatic invertebrates whose lives are spent

49、fixed to the bottom (more or less; anemones are capable of getting up and reproduction products, or even a sort of alteration of generations as in certain cnidaria.moving to a new location if conditions warrant) produce dispersal units. These may be specialized buds, or motile sexualCorals provide a good example of how sedentary