Unit 4 Natural disasters 词汇练习-（2019）新人教版高中英语必修第一册.docx

1、必修一Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS第1课时 知识清单一词汇讲练1. 阅读词汇tornado /t:ned/ n. (pl. -oes or -os) A violent storm with very strong winds which move in a circle. There is often also a long cloud which is narrower at the bottom than the top. 联想记忆：torn转+ado转着的风龙卷分同步导练：Within minutes of the （龙卷风） happening, an emerg

2、ency rescue team left the station to help.drought / drat/ n. A long period of time when there is little or no rain 联想记忆：dry表示干 dry过去分词形式drought干旱, 缺乏同步导练：(2016年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读B) Even this increase could sink some islands, worse (干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.lands

3、lide /lndslad/ n. ( landfall) A mass of earth, rock, etc. that falls down the slope of a mountain or a cliff 联想记忆：land土地 + slide 滑落=滑坡同步导练：The storm caused (塌方) and flooding in Savona. tsunami /tsu:n:mi/ n. An extremely large wave in the sea caused, for example, by an earthquake 联想记忆：来自日语tsunami, 字面

4、意思是吹向港口的大波浪，即海啸。同步导练：(2019年12月六级真题阅读Section C) This could trigger a (海啸)that would create havoc along the coast.magnitude /mgntju:d/ n. The great size or importance of sth; the degree to which sth is large or important The size of an earthquake 联想记忆：magni-, 巨大的，-tude，名词后缀 巨大之物，同时用于地震震级等多种学科术语。 同步导练：

5、The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 had a (震级) of 8.3.evacuate /vkjuet / vt. To move people from a place of danger to a safer place 联想记忆：e出+vac空+uate=ate表动词空出去撤空 同步导练：Since 1951, 18,000 people have been (撤离) from the area.helicopter /helkpt(r)/ n. An aircraft without wings that has large blades on

6、top that go round. It can fly straight up from the ground and can also stay in one position in the air. 联想记忆：helic螺旋+opt选择+er表名词选择螺旋上升 同步导练：A pilot from virginia removed his sons loose tooth using a . (直升飞机)crack /krk/ n.裂缝, 噼啪声 v.使破裂,爆裂 A line on the surface of sth where it has broken but not split

7、 into separate parts联想记忆：crack破,爆裂n.裂缝, 噼啪声 v.使破裂,爆裂 同步导练：(2019年高考英语江苏卷阅读理解阅读B)These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big (裂缝), leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera.brick /brk/ n. 砖;积木;落难时可靠的人 Baked clay used for building walls, houses and other buildings; an individual

8、 block of this 联想记忆：想一想金砖四国(bric=brick), 到后来的金砖五国(brics=bricks)。 同步导练：(2018年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解 阅读C)He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the (砖) into walls, roofs and corridors.metal /metl/ n. A type of solid mineral substance that is usually hard and shiny and that heat and electric

9、ity can travel through, for example tin, iron and gold 联想记忆：来自拉丁语metallum, 金属，矿产；来自希腊语metallon, 金属，矿石，词源同metal。 同步导练：(2016年高考英语全国卷3 语法填空) They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or (金属).volcano /vlken/ n. (pl. -oes or -os) A mountain with a large opening at the top through which gases and lava

10、 are forced out into the air, or have been in the past 联想记忆：volcan来自罗马神话中的火神Vulcan+o人,物或状态n.火山 同步导练：(2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读B) Altogether there are some ten thousand of these (火山) on earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct.typhoon /tafu:n/ n. 复数:typhoons A violent tropical storm with very strong w

11、inds 联想记忆：来自希腊语typhon, 旋风，可能来自typhein, 冒烟，词源同typhus。 深的，地底的，词源同deep。后来用来指热带风暴台风，最早见于16世纪在南亚和东亚附近开拓殖民地的葡萄牙人的描述。 同步导练：(2016年6月听力原文) In just the past few weeks, the world has witnessed the destructive power of earthquakes in Indonesia, (台风) in the Philippines, and the destructive sea waves that struck

12、Samoa and neighboring islands. hurricane /hrkn/ n . A violent storm with very strong winds, especially in the western Altantic Ocean 联想记忆：hurri- (hurry) + cane (棍子) = 急匆匆而来的一根棍子（形容飓风） 同步导练：(2016年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 阅读C) I had one trip last year where I was caught by a (飓风) in America.kit/kt/ n. A set of t

13、ools or equipment that you use for a particular purpose 联想记忆：可能来自中古荷兰语kitte, 水桶，木桶。引申词义一桶装的全套装备，成套原件。 同步导练：I forgot my gym (成套用品).length /le/ n. The size or measurement of sth from one end to the other 联想记忆：来自long的名词形式。 同步导练：(2015年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解 七选五)Training for a marathon requires careful preparatio

14、n and steady, gradual increases in the (长度) of the runs.2. 拼写词汇slide /slad/ vi. & vt. (使)滑行；滑动 slide-slid-slid / slidden 联想记忆：来自古英语slidan, 滑行，滑动，引申比喻义下滑，坍塌。 同步导练：(2015年高考英语四川卷 阅读理解 阅读E 选项) Because (滑行) on smooth roads is more dangerous.flood /fld/ n. 洪水；vt. 淹没；灌满；vi. 泛滥；大量涌入 联想记忆： 同步导练：(2019年高考英语浙江卷

15、 阅读理解 阅读A ) But when he finally reached her, the woman (涌出；提出) him with questions: Who are you? What antique shop?erupt /rpt/ vi.& vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出 联想记忆：e-”out”向外 + rupt- 断裂=爆发 同步导练：rescue /reskju:/ vt. 营救；救援; n营救联想记忆：re- 表强调，-cut,摇，晃动 营救 同步导练：(2017年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 阅读B) I got a (救援) call from a wo

16、man in muttontown.damage /dmd/ vt.&n. to cause physical harm to sth, to have a bad effect on sb/sths life, health, happiness or chances of success损害；损坏联想记忆： 同步导练：(2016年高考英语全国卷3 完形填空) (受伤的；损坏的) but not defeated, he was still ahead of me.destroy /dstr/ vt. (destroyed, destroyed)摧毁；毁灭 联想记忆：de-, 夺去，损毁+

17、-stroy，建造摧毁 同步导练：(2019年高考英语北京卷 阅读B) By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids teeth, instead of (摧毁) them.affect /fekt/ vt.影响；感染；感动 联想记忆：af- 同ad-，去，往 + -fect, 同fact, 做 做出来的样子假装；真心实意的做打动，影响 同步导练：(2018年高考英语天津卷 完形填空)

18、 From the experience, I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can (影响) the members of a team.shelter /elt(r)/ vt.保护；掩蔽 ;vi. 躲避 (风、雨或危险) ;n.避难处；居所；庇护 联想记忆：sheld-, 盾+-er, 表物 保护，遮蔽，庇护 同步导练：(2017年高考英语北京卷 完形填空) Hannahs place is divided into several areas, providing (避难所) for people when it i

19、s so cold that sleeping outdoors can mean death.shock /k/ vt.(使)震惊; n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 联想记忆： 同步导练：(2018年高考英语浙江卷 语法填空) I still remember visiting a friend whod lived here for five years and I was (感到震惊的) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.suffer /sf/ vt.遭受；蒙受; vi. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦 联想记忆：su

20、f-, 在下+-fer, 承担，承载， 受苦，忍受 同步导练：(2016年高考英语天津卷 完形填空) Cathy (遭受) some terrible illness in her early childhood.survive /svav/ vi. 生存；存活; vt. 幸存；艰难度过;比活得时间长 联想记忆：sur-,在上，超过+-viv, 生命生存，存活 同步导练：(2015年高考英语广东卷 完形填空) People are living longer because more people (存活) childhood.breathe /bri:/ vi.&vt. 呼吸 联想记忆： 同

21、步导练：(2019年高考英语全国卷I七选五) If the air youre (呼吸) is cleanwhich it would be if youre away from the smog of citiesthen the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen.aid /ed/ vi.& vt. (formal) 帮助；援助; n.援助；帮助；救援物资 联想记忆：来自古法语aide，辅助，帮助。 同步导练：(2019年高考英语全国卷3七选五) Professors are not trained nurses, finan

22、cial .(援助) experts or your best friends.sweep /swi:p/ vt. & vi. ( swept, swept) 打扫；清扫 联想记忆： 同步导练：I (打扫；拂去) rainwater off the flat top of a gravestone.strike /strak/ vi（struck，struck/stricken）侵袭；突击；击打; n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 联想记忆： 同步导练：(2015年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解) Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might (碰撞；给人

23、印象) while your mind has moved slowly away.3. 搭配词汇slideslide into （使）滑入；溜进floodunder flood 遭受洪灾 flood damage洪涝灾害a flood of complaints 大量投诉flood in/into. 大量涌入flood out of sth. 蜂拥而出flood. with. 把 大量送至flood over/back（感觉或回忆）突然涌现The river is in flood. 河水泛滥。Water flooded in through the back door.水从后门涌进来。er

24、uptvolcanic eruption 火山喷发erupt from 从喷出erupt into突然变为或发展成(更坏的事)rescue rescue sb./sth. from从营救某人/某物come to ones rescue 来援救某人rescue workers救援人员rescue boats救援船只rescue operation救援行动He rescued a child from drowning.他救起了一名落水儿童damage do / cause damage to sb./sth. 对造成损害be badly damaged 遭受严重损害emotionally dam

25、aged children感情上受伤害的孩子affect have an effect on 对有影响side effect 副作用have an affection for 喜爱in effect 事实上，实际上bring/put sth. into effect 实行，使生效come into effect 生效，开始实施shelter shelter. from. 保护免受shelter from. 躲避under the shelter of 在的庇护下take shelter from 躲避a homeless shelter无家可归者的收容所shock in shock 震惊，吃惊

26、It shocks sb. to see/hear. 看到/ 听到使某人震惊。be shocked at /by 对感到震惊be shocked to do sth. 对做某事感到震惊shocked look/expression/voice震惊的表情 / 声音Its shocking that. 是令人憎恶的。shocking news 令人震惊的消息suffer suffer from 因而痛苦；患有（疾病等）suffer a defeat/a loss/damage/punishment 遭受失败/ 损失/ 损害/ 惩罚suffer from a bad cold 患重感冒survive

27、 survive on 靠生存下来survive from. 从时存活下来/ 流传下来survive sb. by. 比某人多活breathe breathe in吸气breathe out呼气have a breathe 深呼吸out of breath 气喘吁吁，上气不接下气hold ones breath 屏住呼吸take a deep breath 深吸一口气lose ones breath 喘不过气来aid aid sb. in（doing）/with sth. 帮助某人（做）某事do/give/offer/carry out first aid（to sb.）（对某人）实施急救co

28、me/go to ones aid 帮某人的忙in aid of 为了帮助with the aid of 在的帮助下（= with the help of）sweep sweep away 消灭；彻底消除sweep sb. away（感情、思想）令某人着迷，使某人深受影响sweep up 打扫，清扫sweep aside 对置之不理；不理会；全然无视sweep out 打扫干净，清扫干净（房间等）sweep through席卷;轻易通过sweep over环视四周;涌上心头sweep off扫清;吹走strike be struck with/by 被打动strike the enemy打击敌

29、人strike. into ones heart 使刻骨铭心Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁It strikes/hits sb. that. （=It occurs to sb. that.）某人突然想起strike a match 划火柴strike twelve（钟）敲 12 点be on strike 在罢工（状态）strike for为而罢工go on strike 举行罢工（动作）end/call off a strike 结束罢工calm calm down冷静landslide landslide victory 以绝对优势取得胜利landsl

30、ide control 滑坡控制；滑坡防治4. 多变词汇Erupt vi.&vt. 爆发；喷出eruption n. 爆发Rescue vt. 营救；救援rescuer n. 救援者；救助者Destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭destruction n. 摧毁；毁灭destroyer n.破坏者；驱逐舰destructive adj.破坏性的Affect vt.影响；感染；感动effect n.效果；影响effective adj.有效的effectively adv. 有效地efficient adj.高效的efficiently adv.高效地affection n.喜爱；感情Shock v

31、t.(使)震惊shocked adj. 惊愕的，震惊的 shocking adj. 令人震惊的Suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 sufferer n. 受苦者suffering n.痛苦；苦难Survive vi. 生存；存活 survivor n. 幸存者；生还者 survival n. 生存；幸存Breathe vi.&vt. 呼吸 breath n. 气息; 呼吸breathless adj.气喘吁吁的breathlessly adv.气喘吁吁地Sweep vt. & vi.打扫；清扫sweeper n.清洁工Calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的calmly adv. 平静地；冷静地calm

32、ness n. 平静；安宁第1课时 综合小测一 单词拼写1._ vi. & vt. 使）滑行 2._ vt. 淹没；灌满3._ vt.&n.损害；损坏4. _ vt.保护；掩蔽5. _ vt.(使)震惊6._ n.援助；帮助二词类转换1. erupt vi.&vt. 爆发；喷出 n. 爆发2. rescue vt. 营救；救援 _ n. 救援者；救助者3. destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭._ n. 摧毁；毁灭_ adj. 破坏性的4. affect vt.影响；感染；感动_ n.效果；影响_ n.喜爱；感情5. shock vt.(使)震惊_ adj. 惊愕的，震惊的_ adj. 令人震惊的

33、6. suffer vt.遭受；蒙受_ n. 幸存者；生还者_ n. 生存；幸存三英汉连线landsliden. 罢工；罢课calmvt. & vi. 打扫；清扫striken. (山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡destroyer adj.有效的sweepn.破坏者；驱逐舰effective adj. 镇静的；沉着的；vt. 使平静；使镇静 第1课时 课中检测一 单词拼写1. _ into （使）滑入；溜进2. _ complaints 大量投诉3. _ operation救援行动4. _ from a bad cold 患重感冒5. _ up 打扫，清扫6. _ down冷静二语法填空 1. La

34、rge quantities of food are needed in the_（flood）areas now. 2. They are trying to rescue the company_ ruin.3. Eating too much meat one time will do damage _ your stomach.4. With the governments aid，those _（affect）by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.5. The great elm trees gave them she

35、lter _the wind.6. I looked at my husband _ shock，waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.7. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _（breathe）.8. After _（suffer） serious damage caused by the terrible earthquake，Japan realized the importance of living

36、 in harmony with nature.9. They aided me _ getting used to the new environment.三完成句子landslide；shocked; effect; shrike; survival;1 A number of small companies have to fight for _.2 The railroad was blocked by a .3 His teaching methods still have a strong on young people. 4 People were _to see that th

37、e little girl was often beaten by her stepmother. 5 Half the workforce are now on . 第1课时 举一反三一 单词拼写1. 遭受洪灾 under _2. 被打动 be with/by3. 在的帮助下with the of 4. 气喘吁吁 out of 5. 令人震惊的消息 news 6. 生效，开始实施come into 二 . 补全单词1. _slide n. 滑坡2. volcanic ion 火山喷发三语法填空1. A large number of soldiers were sent there _（re

38、scue） those trapped in the building.2. We sat in the shade， (shelter) from the sun. 3. People were _（shock）to see that the little girl was often beaten by her stepmother. The _（shock） news _（shock）all the people around，which was also _ shock to her father who was working abroad.4. How long have you

39、been (suffer) from a headache?5. Dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to search for _（survive）in an earthquake.四 . 完成句子1. 那孩子泪流满面。_.2. 抽烟会损害我们的健康。 _.3. 学生们被那个故事深深地打动了。_.4. 炸弹彻底炸毁了那栋建筑。_.5. 听说他出国的消息，他们惊讶不已。_.5、 课文语篇填空Strange things were happening in Tangshan. For a few days, the wa

40、ter in the village wells rose and 1. (fall). Deep cracks appeared in the well walls. Chickens, pigs，dogs, andeven mice became nervous. Bright lights were seen in the sky and loud noises were heard. But people paid no attention to them.At 3:42 a. m. ,everything began to shake. It seemed as if the wor

41、ld were coming to 2. end ! One of the most 3. ( dead) earthquakes of the 20th century had begun. 4. less than one minute, the city lay in 5. ( ruin ). Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or badly injured 6. (be) more than 400 ,000. Then later that i afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. People began to wonder how long the disaster would