Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures （定语从句） ppt课件-（2019）新人教版高中英语必修第一册 (1).pptx

1、The Attributive ClauseThe Attributive Clausea beautiful girla lovely boya ball penToms pentwo boys his name定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质或特征the girl in redthe pen bought by herthe boy standing therethe boy to write this letter当定语是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在修饰词的后面而当定语不再是一个单词而是一个句子时我们需要使用定语从句何时使用定从？何时使用定从？He is the man w

2、ho you are looking for.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词定语从句定语从句1. 1. 功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。2. 2. 位置：置于被修饰词之后。位置：置于被修饰词之后。3. 3. 先行词：被定从修饰的词（一般是名词、代词、数词）先行词：被定从修饰的词（一般是名词、代词、数词）This is the place This is the place whichwhich is worth visiting. is worth visiting.先行词在从句中作主

3、语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。There are many places we can visit them in China.There are many places we can visit them in China.先行词在从句中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，先行词在从句中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。所以在从句中不能重复其意。定定语语从从句句的的引引导导词词关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词指人指人指物指物who(who(主、宾、表主、宾、表) )，whom(whom(宾宾) )，tha

4、t(that(主、宾、表主、宾、表), whose(), whose(定定) )that(that(主、宾、表主、宾、表),which(),which(主、宾主、宾) )whose(whose(定定) )where (where (地点状语地点状语) )when (when (时间状语时间状语) )why (why (原因状语原因状语) )1. 1. 先行词一般紧靠连接词先行词一般紧靠连接词2. 2. 当关系词在从句中作宾语当关系词在从句中作宾语时可省略时可省略定定语语从从句句限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主是先行词在意义

5、上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。往往逗号分开。cc秒杀是一个被中国网民使用的术语。秒杀是一个被中国网民使用的术语。1. Miaosha is a term.2. The term is used by Chinese netizens.cMiaosha is

6、a term which / that is used by Chinese netizens.写、找、换、连写、找、换、连写写主干主干 写写定语定语c找找相同相同（先行词）（先行词）换换连词连词（看人（看人/物）物）连连主从主从主，指物孙杨是一名获得里约奥运会孙杨是一名获得里约奥运会200米自由泳米自由泳金牌的运动员。金牌的运动员。孙杨是一名运动员。孙杨是一名运动员。这名运动员获得里约奥运会这名运动员获得里约奥运会200米自由泳金牌。米自由泳金牌。1. Sun Yang is a player / swimmer.2. The swimmer won the gold medal of 20

7、0m freestyle in the Rio Olympic Games. Sun Yang is a swimmer who won the gold medal of 200m freestyle in the Rio Olympic Games.主，指人主，指人傅园慧是一个具有洪荒之力的运动员。傅园慧是一个具有洪荒之力的运动员。傅园慧是一个运动员。傅园慧是一个运动员。这个运动员具有洪荒之力。这个运动员具有洪荒之力。1. Fu Yuanhui is a player.2. The player has the prehistorical power.Fu Yuanhui is a pla

8、yer who has the prehistorical power.主，指人主，指人这是一支为这是一支为22班争光的队伍。班争光的队伍。This is a team _.that wins glory for Class 22刚才和静香讲话的那个男生是大雄。刚才和静香讲话的那个男生是大雄。The boy _ is DX.whom /that / who JX spoke toto whom JX spoke 宾，指人宾，指人whom只作定从的宾语，当先行词为人且只作定从的宾语，当先行词为人且连词前有介词，只能用连词前有介词，只能用whom。注意：注意：whom, which作介词宾语时，介

9、词作介词宾语时，介词一般可放其之前也可放在从句原来的位置一般可放其之前也可放在从句原来的位置上，但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介上，但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。词只能放在原来的位置上。这就是他一直在照顾着的人。这就是他一直在照顾着的人。This is the person whom he is looking after.宾，指人宾，指人哆啦哆啦A梦很怕老鼠，它最喜欢的食物是豆沙包。梦很怕老鼠，它最喜欢的食物是豆沙包。Doraemon _ is afraid of mice.whose favourite food is smashed bean bun在定从中作定

10、语，表所属关系，在定从中作定语，表所属关系，“的的”，既可指人也可指物。，既可指人也可指物。He lives in the room whose window faces south.1. the window of which2. of which the window语法讲解语法讲解 定语从句定语从句（The Attributive Clause） 被定语从句限定的词是被定语从句限定的词是_ ，引导定语，引导定语从句的词叫做从句的词叫做 _ 或或 _。 关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即连接连接（连接定语从句和主句）、（连接定语从句和主句）、替代替代（替代前面

11、的（替代前面的 先行词）、先行词）、成分成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的（在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分）。句子成分）。在复合句中，充当在复合句中，充当_ 用的从句是定语从句用的从句是定语从句先行词先行词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词形容词形容词1. who指指_,作作_（成分）（成分）2. whom指指_,作作_（成分）（成分）3. which 指指_，作，作_（成分）（成分）4. that 指指_，作，作_（成分）（成分）5. whose作作_（成分），表（成分），表_关系，译为关系，译为_，用来代替，用来代替 _ .whose指人也指物，指物时指人也指物，指物时 = _ 指人时指人时

12、= _人人主、宾、表主、宾、表人人宾宾主、宾主、宾主、宾、表主、宾、表物物人、物人、物定语定语所属所属“他的他的/她的她的/它的它的”his/her/their/itsof whichof whom如何选用定语从句的关系词如何选用定语从句的关系词1.1.首先分清主句和定语从句首先分清主句和定语从句2.2.确定定语从句的先行词确定定语从句的先行词3.3.把先行词代回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成把先行词代回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）4.4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从若先行词在从句

13、中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。句中做状语，则选择关系副词。口诀口诀: : 前看前看先行词先行词, , 辩清人或物辩清人或物 后看后看从句里从句里, , 有无主宾语有无主宾语Attention只用只用that不用不用which的情况的情况只用只用who不用不用that的情况的情况只用只用which不用不用that的情况的情况Attention只用只用that不用不用which的情况的情况Ive never heard of the people and things_ you talked about just now.that当先行词同时指人和物时，关系

14、代词只能用当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that。That white flower is the only one _ I like.This is the very book _ I want to find.先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时，修饰时，关系代词只用关系代词只用that。(that)(that)Say all _ you know.Is there anything _ I can do for you?Ive read all the books _ you gave me.thatthat当先行词为当先行词为all,

15、much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词或先行词被等不定代词或先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时，关系词只能修饰时，关系词只能用用that。thatThis is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat当先行词被序数词、最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用当先行词被序数词、最高级等词修饰时，关系代词

16、只能用that。Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.当主句是当主句是who或或which引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用或物时，关系代词只能用that。thatthatHe isnt the boy _ he was.that当关系代词本身在定语从句中作表语时，只用当关系代词本身在定语从句中作表语时，只用that。There is an office in the building _ is still fr

17、ee. 主句主句为为there be句型句型，先行词为物时常用，先行词为物时常用that引导引导定语从句。定语从句。thatAttention只用只用who不用不用that的情况的情况There is a pretty girl _ wants to see you.who主句主句为为there be句型句型，先行词为，先行词为人人时常用时常用who引导引导定语从句。定语从句。Anyone _ leaves the classroom last should turn off the lights.who先行词是先行词是指人的不定代词时，如指人的不定代词时，如one, anyone, nobo

18、dy, anybody, none等等God help those _ help themselves.who先行词为先行词为those或被或被those修饰时修饰时或当先行词是或当先行词是I, you, he, they等代词时（多用于谚语中），等代词时（多用于谚语中），常用常用who引导定语从句引导定语从句。The boy that you met last night is the group leader _ studies very hard.一个句子中带有两个定语从句且先行词都为人时，一个句子中带有两个定语从句且先行词都为人时，其中一个定从的关系代词是其中一个定从的关系代词是tha

19、t，另一个一般，另一个一般用用who引导引导。whoAttention只用只用which不用不用that的情况的情况Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from that library which was newly open.一个句子中带有两个定语从句且先行词为物时，其一个句子中带有两个定语从句且先行词为物时，其中一个定从的关系代词是中一个定从的关系代词是that，那么后一句的关系，那么后一句的关系代词就要用代词就要用which引导引导。This is the room in which he lives.在定从中作介词的宾语且介词位于关系代

20、词前，这在定从中作介词的宾语且介词位于关系代词前，这时只能用时只能用which而不用而不用that。Tom came back, which made us very happy.引导非限制性定语从句时，不用引导非限制性定语从句时，不用that。区别区别限制性定从限制性定从非限制性定从非限制性定从形式形式无逗号无逗号有逗号分开有逗号分开作用作用修饰限制修饰限制补充说明补充说明意思意思不能省不能省去掉后影响不大去掉后影响不大非限制性定语从句中的关系词非限制性定语从句中的关系词 n 禁用禁用thatn 关系代词在任何情况下都不能省略关系代词在任何情况下都不能省略He was late for cl

21、ass again, _ made the teacher very angry. A. what B. which C. as D. one先行词是整个句子先行词是整个句子 含有插入语的定语从句含有插入语的定语从句 We went to Gezao Mountain yesterday, _, not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world.A. where B. which C. that D. whenDo you know Tom, _ we talked about?A. which B. tha

22、t C. whom D. who引导限制性定语从句时并作从句宾语的关系代词引导限制性定语从句时并作从句宾语的关系代词whom可以用可以用who来代替；但在非限制性定语从句来代替；但在非限制性定语从句中，中，whom一般不用一般不用who替换。替换。Taiwan, which we know, belongs to China.asasas的用法的用法 as as引导限制性定语从句引导限制性定语从句 asas引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句He is such a lazy man _ nobody wants to work with.He is such a lazy man _ n

23、obody wants to work with him. A. as B. that C. who D. whomABI have the same magazine _ you bought just now. A. which B. like C. what D. asThey had such a fierce dog _ no one dare to go near their house. A. as B. that C. / D. which asas引导限制性定语从句引导限制性定语从句时，先行词前常有时，先行词前常有so, so, such, the samesuch, the

24、 same等词。等词。_ is known to everybody, China is developing into a powerful country in the world.A. It B. As C. That D. whatas,whichas,which引导的非限制性定引导的非限制性定语从句的区别：语从句的区别：1. 1.位置：位置：as as句首，句中，句尾；句首，句中，句尾；whichwhich主句之后。主句之后。2. 2. 含义：含义：as as 正如，像；正如，像；which which 那个那个/ /件件1) a. I saw some trees, and the

25、 leaves of _ were black with disease. b. I saw some trees, the leaves of _ were black with disease.2) a. The professor is a little man, on the nose of _ there is a pair of glasses. b. The professor is a little man, and on the nose of _ there is a pair of glasses解题点拨解题点拨 : :是否有是否有连词连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。是

26、区分定语从句和并列句的关键。themwhomwhichhim 高考考点高考考点 易混句型易混句型1.1.定语从句与并列句定语从句与并列句1) a. It is in this room _ I lived last year. b. It is the room _ I lived last year.2) a. It was at seven oclock _ he went to school this morning. b. It was seven oclock _ he went to school this morning.解题点拨：解题点拨：强调句型：强调句型：It is/was

27、 + 被强调的成份被强调的成份 + that/who + 其它部分其它部分； 去掉去掉It is /was.that/who., ,句子照样成立句子照样成立；而定语从句的而定语从句的引引导词在句中要作成份导词在句中要作成份。thatwherethatwhen2.2.定语从句与强调句定语从句与强调句1. Do you think such a place _ you speak of is worth visiting?2. He promised to come to see me on purpose on Sunday, _ I doubt very much. 3. There is a

28、 lake near our schoolyard, _ depth is out of your expectation. 4. -Do you have anything in mind _ youd like for supper? - Well, anything is ok for me. 5. The house in _ he used to live has turned into a library. as which whose that = the lakes which 6. Students in our school, most of _ are from the

29、south of China, enjoy rice very much.7. _ is often the case, teachers in our school usually return to school on Sunday evenings. 8. Which is the road _ leads to the village?9. The newcomer is from Jiangxi, _ I can tell from his accent. whom As that which Correct the following sentences:1. Im using t

30、he pen which he bought it yesterday.2. Is that factory that your father once worked in?3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.the oneto4. I like the people and places which I visited in Zs._that5. Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.6. Who is the worker who took some pictures

31、of the factory?_asthat_7. This train is the last which will go to Bj.8. All things can be done have been done.thatthat_ 9. Which you can see, the Chinese people are hard-working.10. Ill never forget the day when I spent with you.11. We visit a village where has a long history.thatAsthat12. Under the

32、 big tree are 22 students, many of them come from Class 22.13. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.14. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick. whomwhowhose15. The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that are seen from the moon.16. Zootopia is one of the most wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.ishave