2020届高考英语一轮复习专题四介词和介词短语课件.pptx

1、专题四介词和介词短语高考英语高考英语 (天津市专用)考点一介词辨析考点一介词辨析五年高考1.(2018北京,14)Good morning, Mr.Lees office.Good morning.Id like to make an appointment next Wednesday afternoon.A.forB.onC.inD.at答案答案 A句意:早上好,这里是Lee先生的办公室。早上好,我想预约下周三下午的见面。本题考查介词辨析。题干中的时间状语next Wednesday afternoon前面通常不接表时间的介词,因此on, in, at都不符合,appointment fo

2、r.在此处表示“的预约”。2.(2017北京,35)Many people who live along the coast make a living fishing industry.A.atB.inC.onD.by答案答案 B句意:很多居住在沿海的人都以从事渔业谋生。本题考查介词辨析。根据句意,in在此处表示“从事或影响某种工作”,符合语义,故选择B项。3.(2016浙江,7)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up influence the basic process-es by which we see the world ar

3、ound us.A.onB.inC.atD.about答案答案 B句意:这项研究表明我们成长之中的文化影响我们看待周围世界的基本过程。本题考查介词辨析。句中that引导的是宾语从句,we grow up 为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句,根据其先行词the cultures可知此处应用in。考点二介词短语辨析考点二介词短语辨析1.(2019天津夏,5) all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.A.According toB.Instead ofC.In addition to

4、D.In spite of答案答案 D考查介词短语。句意:尽管有那么多问题,但有几个球员表现得很出色。A:根据;B:代替,而不是;C:除之外(还有)。2.(2019天津春,4)The captain of the ship was advised to turn back a sudden heavy storm.A.due to B.by means ofC.in addition toD.instead of答案答案 A句意:由于突然来了一场狂风暴雨,船长被建议返航。本题考查介词短语辨析。due to由于;by means of依靠方法;in addition to除之外(还);inste

5、ad of代替,而不是。故A项正确。3.(2019江苏,27)Favorable policies are to encourage employees professional development.A.in effectB.in commandC.in turnD.in shape答案答案 A句意:为了鼓励员工的职业发展,一些有利的政策开始生效。考查介词短语辨析。A:生效,实际上;B:指挥;C:轮流,依次;D:在外形上。根据句意可知A项正确。4.(2018天津夏,11)Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to wri

6、te a report, but he went .A.at first B.after allC.above allD.at random答案答案 B句意:由于得写一份报告,鲍勃原以为自己参加不了那场聚会了,但是他最后还是去参加了。本题考查介词短语辨析。根据句意可知选B。after all= in spite of what you thought was true or expected to happen还是,终究。at first起初,当初;above all首先;at random随便地,任意地。5.(2018江苏,33)Chinas soft power grows the inc

7、reasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.A.in line withB.in reply toC.in return forD.in honour of答案答案 A句意:中国软实力的增长是与全球对中国不断增长的欣赏和理解紧密相连的。本题考查介词短语辨析。in line with与相似;与紧密相连,符合语境。in reply to答复;in return for作为对的回报;in honour of 为向表示敬意。6.(2017天津夏,13)We offer an excellent education to our st

8、udents. , we expect students to work hard.A.On averageB.At bestC.In return D.After all答案答案 C句意:我们向我们的学生提供优质的教育,作为回报,我们希望学生努力学习。本题考查介词短语辨析。根据句意可知,设空处的意思为“作为回报”,应选择C项。on average平均来看,at best至多,充其量,after all毕竟。7.(2017天津春,6)I still have a few sweet memories of my childhood; , I remember times when I expl

9、ored caves in the mountains with my friends.A.in turnB.by chanceC.in particularD.by contrast答案答案 C句意:我对童年依然拥有一些甜蜜的回忆。我尤其记得和朋友们一起在山洞中探险的时光。本题考查介词短语辨析。in turn依次,轮流,相应地;by chance偶然;by contrast相比之下;in particular特别,尤其。8.(2017江苏,32)Determining where we are our surroundings remains an essential skill for o

10、ur survival.A.in contrast toB.in defense ofC.in face of D.in relation to答案答案 D句意:通过对比我们周围的环境来确定我们的位置仍然是我们生存的极其重要的一项技能。本题考查介词短语辨析。根据句意可知应用in relation to“相对而言”。in contrast to和相比;in defense of为辩护;in(the) face of面临。9.(2016天津,2)The dictionary is :many words have been added to the language since it was pu

11、blished.A.out of controlB.out of dateC.out of sight D.out of reach答案答案 B 句意:这本词典过时了:自从它出版以来,这种语言已经添加了许多单词。本题考查介词短语辨析。out of date过时,符合句意。out of control失控;out of sight看不见;out of reach够不着。10.(2016浙江,6)That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. , hes reliable.A.Or else B

12、.In shortC.By the wayD.For one thing答案答案 B句意:那个年轻人诚实且有合作精神,当你需要他帮忙的时候,他总是随叫随到。简言之,他是可以信赖的。本题考查介词短语辨析。in short 简言之;or else否则,不然;by the way顺便提一下,顺便问一下;for one thing一则。11.(2015浙江,10)Most people work because its unavoidable. ,there are some people who actually enjoy work.A.As a resultB.In additionC.By c

13、ontrastD.In conclusion答案答案 C句意:大多数人工作是因为那是不可避免的,相比之下,还有一些人是确实喜欢工作。本题考查介词短语辨析。as a result:结果;in addition:另外;by contrast:相比之下;in conclu-sion:总之。根据句意可知选C。12.(2015江苏,34)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around Thomas Edison.A.thanks to B.regardless ofC.aside fromD.but for答案答案 D句意:要不是托马

14、斯爱迪生,许多现在让我们获益的东西都不会存在。本题考查介词短语辨析。thanks to多亏;regardless of不管,不顾;aside from除以外;but for要不是。根据句意和该句中的虚拟语气可知选D。13.(2015湖北,30)This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you that if you smoked here you would be fined.A.in advanceB.in detailC.in total D.in general答案答案 A句意:这间会议室是无烟区。我想事先提

15、醒你如果在这儿吸烟的话你会被罚款的。本考查介词短语辨析。in advance提前,事先;in detail详细地;in total总共;in general总体上。根据语境可知答案为A项。14.(2015安徽,33)They believe that there are transport developments that will bring a lot of changes for the better.A.out of date B.out of orderC.around the clockD.around the corner答案答案 D句意:他们相信交通的发展就要到来了,这将会带

16、来很多更好的变化。本题考查介词短语辨析。out of date过时;out of order杂乱无章;around the clock夜以继日;around the corner就要到来。故选D项。15.(2015福建,32)Human life is regarded as part of nature and,as such,the only way for us to sur-vive is to live nature.A.in view of B.in need ofC.in touch withD.in harmony with答案答案 D句意:人类生活被认为是大自然的一部分,严格

17、说来,我们生存的唯一方式是与大自然和睦相处。本题考查介词短语辨析。in view of 鉴于,考虑到;in need of需要;in touch with和取得联系;in harmony with与协调。考点一介词辨析考点一介词辨析三年模拟A组 20172019年高考模拟考点基础题组1.(2018天津压轴卷,8)Star skater Wu Dajing won Chinas first gold medal at the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games breaking the world record in short track mens 50

18、0m.A.toB.byC.withD.in答案答案 B句意:明星溜冰选手武大靖在2018年平昌冬季奥运会上赢得了中国第一枚金牌,打破了男子500米短道速滑的世界纪录。考查介词。by doing sth.“凭借/通过做某事”,为固定搭配。故选B。2.(2018天津红桥3月模拟,3)I agree to his suggestion condition that he drops all charges.A.onB.inC.byD.to答案答案 A句意:我同意他的建议,条件是他撤销所有的指控。考查介词。on condition that条件是,为固定表达。3.(2018北京西城一模,14)Pare

19、nts need to encourage kids to develop their potential putting too much pressure on them.A.withoutB.besidesC.byD.for答案答案 A句意:父母需要鼓励孩子们去开发他们的潜能,不要在他们身上施加太多的压力。考查介词。由前面的“鼓励孩子们”可知,后面应该否定“施加压力”,without意为“没有”,符合语境。without doing sth.没有做某事,故答案为A。4.(2018北京东城一模,13)Electric cars produce about 80 percent less p

20、ollution than cars gas-powered motors.A.fromB.byC.forD.with 答案答案 D句意:与燃油汽车相比,电动汽车可减少大约80%的污染。考查介词。此处表示“装有”,需用介词with。5.(2017北京海淀二模,31)With the development of economy, our income has increased 10% in less than a year. A.forB.byC.onD.at答案答案 B 句意:随着经济的发展,我们的收入在不到一年的时间里增长了10%。考查介词辨析。by表示数量的增减程度。for为了;on有

21、关;at(用于速度、比率等)以,达。考点二介词短语辨析考点二介词短语辨析1.(2019天津十二校一模,6)They did everything in their power to save the building dating back to the Qing Dynasty, but their efforts were .A.in turnB.in timeC.in vainD.in need答案答案 C句意:他们尽全力拯救那栋追溯到清朝的建筑物,但他们的努力是徒劳的。考查介词短语辨析。in turn 依次,轮流;in time 及时;in vain 徒劳;in need 在危难中。2

22、.(2019天津红桥一模,11)This is not an economical way to get more water; , it is very ex-pensive.A.worse stillB.on the contraryC.in short D.in addition答案答案 B句意:这不是一个获得更多水的省钱的方法,正相反,它很昂贵。考查介词短语。worse still 更糟糕的是;on the contrary 正相反;in short 简言之;in addition 此外。3.(2019天津河西质调一,12)The new product is beyond all p

23、raise and has quickly taken over the market its superior quality.A.in terms of B.on account of C.on behalf of D.on top of答案答案 B句意:这种新产品受到了广泛的好评并因它的优质很快地占领了市场。考查介词短语辨析。on account of 由于;in terms of 就而言;on behalf of 代表;on top of 在上方。故选B。4.(2018天津河东一模,6)It was nice and warm that evening.I stayed awake u

24、ntil eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.A.on averageB.on purposeC.on businessD.on time答案答案 B句意:那天晚上暖烘烘的,我熬到11点故意不睡觉,为的是独自好好看一看月亮。考查介词短语辨析。on purpose故意地;on average 平均来看;on business出差;on time按时,准时。5.(2018天津十二校一联,4)A grand banquet was held by Elizabeth President Xis cur-rent stat

25、e visit to the UK.A.in terms ofB.in honor ofC.in favor ofD.in memory of答案答案 B句意:伊丽莎白二世为习近平主席此次对英国的国事访问举行了盛大的宴会。考查介词短语辨析。in honor of为了纪念;in terms of就而言;in favor of赞成/支持(某人或某事物);in memory of sb.作为对某人的纪念。6.(2018天津滨海新区七校联考,18) he was 12, Einstein had learned advanced mathemat-ics by himself. A.The first

26、 timeB.At the timeC.By the time D.During the time答案答案 C句意:到他12岁时,爱因斯坦已经自学了高等数学。考查介词短语。由主句使用的时态是过去完成时可知,此处应使用by the time(到时为止,常和完成时连用)。the first time第一次;at the time在那时,当时;during the time期间。7.(2018天津南开中学4月月考,9)Why does he always look unhappy?Hes very successful in every aspect.It is wrong to try to ju

27、dge happiness worldly success.A.in terms ofB.in honor ofC.in case of D.in spite of答案答案 A句意:为什么他总是看起来不高兴?他在各个方面都很成功。试图用世俗的成就来判断幸福是错误的。考查介词短语。in terms of“根据来解释(描述)”符合语境。in honor of为向表示敬意;in case of假使,如果;in spite of虽然,尽管,不顾。8.(2018江苏扬州、南通、徐州等市三模,33)The new system introduced last month is not work-ing v

28、ery effectively professional training.A.in place ofB.in case ofC.in terms ofD.in defense of答案答案 C句意:上个月引进的新体系,在职业培训方面并不太有效。考查介词短语。in terms of“就而言”符合语境。in place of代替;in case of假使,如果;in defense of为辩护,为保卫。9.(2017天津红桥二模,6)It seems a little ugly to me. , I think its rather beautiful.A.In other wordsB.On

29、the other hand C.On the contrary D.In a nutshell答案答案 C句意:这对于我来说似乎有点难看。恰恰相反,我认为它相当漂亮。考查介词短语辨析。on the contrary(与此)相反,正相反;in other words换句话说;on the other hand另一方面;in a nutshell简而言之。10.(2017天津十二校二模,13)Simply raise your hand, and a taxi appears .A.at no timeB.at one timeC.in no timeD.for the time being答案

30、答案 C 句意:只要举起你的手,一辆出租车会立即出现。考查介词短语辨析。in no time(=soon)马上,立即;at no time从不;at one time曾经,一度;for the time being暂时。11.(2017天津和平一模,4)The debate here will be limited in two main respects, the time available.A.in view of B.in return forC.in addition toD.in comparison with答案答案 A句意:鉴于可用的时间,这里的辩论将限定在两个主要方面。考查介

31、词短语辨析。in view of鉴于,由于;in return for作为对的回报;in addition to除之外(还有);in compari-son with与相比较。B B组组2017201920172019年高考模拟年高考模拟专题综合题组专题综合题组1.(2019天津红桥二模,6)How did she lose so much weight as expected? eating less, she jogged for several miles every day.A.In addition toB.In spite of C.Instead of D.Thanks to答案

32、答案 A句意:她是怎么像预期的那样瘦了那么多的?除了少吃,她每天还要慢跑几英里。考查介词短语。in addition to 除以外还;in spite of 不管,不顾;instead of 代替;thanks to 多亏。2.(2018天津部分区质调二,12)Harvard University takes in any outstanding student reli-gion, color or background.A.in honor of B.on account ofC.regardless ofD.in spite of答案答案 C句意:哈佛大学招收任何优秀的学生,无论宗教、肤

33、色或背景是什么。考查介词短语。regardless of“不管,不顾”符合语境。in honor of为向表示敬意;on account of由于;in spite of虽然,尽管。3.(2018天津河北二模,13)It is known that theory is based on practice and serves practice.A.in needB.in returnC.in turnD.in place答案答案 C句意:众所周知,理论以实践为基础,反过来又为实践服务。考查介词短语。in turn“反过来,转而”符合语境。in need在危难中;in return作为回报;in

34、 place在正确位置,准备就绪。4.(2018天津一中第四次月考,9)A passer-by who happened to see the traffic accident was taken to the police station to describe it .A.at least B.in reliefC.at lengthD.on purpose答案答案 C句意:一位碰巧看到交通事故的路人被带到警察局详细地描述这起事故。考查介词短语。at length“充分地,详尽地”符合语意,故选C。at least至少;in relief如释重负,松了口气;on purpose故意地。5.

35、(2018天津耀华中学二模,10)Body Mass Index, or BMI, is a measure of a persons weight height.A person with a BMI of twenty-five to twenty-nine is considered overweight.A.in view of B.in relation to C.in terms of D.in response to答案答案 B句意:身体质量指数(BMI)是一个评判一个人体重与身高关系的标准。一个人的BMI在25到29时被视为超重。考查介词短语。in view of考虑到,由于,

36、鉴于;in relation to关于,和相比; in terms of 就而言,在方面;in response to对做出反应,回应。6.(2018北京丰台二模,15)What is your main reason for choosing one restaurant another?A.overB.ofC.fromD.for答案答案 A句意:你选择一家餐馆而不是另一家的主要原因是什么?over比更好,强调比较的概念,故选A。7.(2018北京通州4月模拟,14)The children have promised to give us a hand the packing.A.onB.

37、forC.withD.in答案答案 C句意:孩子们答应帮我们收拾行李。考查介词。give sb.a hand意为“给予帮助,助某人一臂之力”;give sb.a hand with sth.意为“帮某人做某事”,with后跟名词,故选C。8.(2018北京丰台一模,15)Its important for a girl to know what colors look good her skin.A.atB.onC.aboveD.against答案答案 D句意:对于一个女孩来说,知道什么颜色衬托自己的皮肤看起来好看很重要。考查介词。against“以为背景,衬托”符合语境,故选D。at(表示位

38、置)在,在旁;on在上面;above在上方。9.(2018北京海淀一模,13)Michael was happy that he had a roof his head when it rained.A.onB.overC.upD.around答案答案 B句意:迈克尔很高兴下雨的时候能有栖身之所。have a roof over ones head有容身之地(栖身之所),故选B。10.(2018江苏苏锡常镇四市二模,33)Does Jack still hang about every day?No, he has mended his ways.After his father died,

39、he took over his business and has already put it .A.in orderB.in chaosC.in effectD.in store答案答案 A句意:杰克每天还在闲荡吗?不,他已改过自新了。在他父亲去世后,他接手了他父亲的公司,现在已经把它打理得井井有条。考查介词短语。in order有条理,符合句意,故选A。in chaos混乱;in effect实际上,事实上;in store即将发生。11.(2018江苏南京一模,32)Men who stay fit can lower their risk of dying from a heart

40、condition by 30% as compared with those who are .A.out of orderB.out of placeC.out of shapeD.out of control答案答案 C句意:身体健康的人患心脏病的风险与那些身体不好的人相比可以降低30%。考查介词短语。out of shape身体不好;out of order出故障;out of place不得体,不适当;out of control失去控制。12.(2018江苏压轴冲刺卷,23)For weeks after the crash, divers searched accessible

41、areas for the body of the Indian man who was a Concordia waiter.Yes, they did their best and were not to blame for the unfortunate result.A.in returnB.in troubleC.in vainD.in despair答案答案 C句意:在触礁事故发生后的几个星期,潜水员搜索了可能到达的区域,但没有找到Concordia上那个印度籍服务员的尸体,无功而返。是的,他们尽了最大努力,我们不应该因为这个不幸的结局而责备他们。考查介词短语。in vain徒劳;

42、in return作为回报;in trouble处于困境;in despair绝望地。13.(2017天津河西二模,13)Some traditional exercise like jogging, swimming and climbing may help people stay .A.in place B.in order C.in fashion D.in shape答案答案 D句意:一些传统的运动,如慢跑、游泳和登山,可能帮助人们保持健康。考查介词短语辨析。in shape处于良好状态,健康,stay in shape 保持健康;in place在适当的位置,准备就绪;in ord

43、er有条理;in fashion流行。14.(2017江苏南京二模,28)Hopefully, the new method will be effective, helping students to get their career plans .A.at handB.at willC.on trialD.on track答案答案 D句意:这种新方法有望产生预期的效果,帮助学生实现他们的职业生涯规划。考查介词短语辨析。on track步入正轨,做法对头;at will任意,随意;at hand在手头,可供使用;on trial受审,在试验/测试中。15.(2017天津南开三模,14)Why

44、 not talk with your parents about your willingness to attend the 2017 Peking University Summer Camp?I tried to get them to listen to me.A.in timeB.in vain C.in needD.in case答案答案 B句意:为什么不就你参加2017北京大学夏令营的意愿和你的父母谈一谈呢?我试图让他们听我的,但是徒劳无益。考查介词短语。in time迟早,终有一天,及时;in vain徒劳地;in need在危难中;in case以防万一。16.(2017江

45、苏南京三模,21)Many of us see reading as an investment in ourselves, so its only natu-ral that we want to learn something useful our efforts.A.in view of B.in response toC.in parallel withD.in return for答案答案 D句意:我们许多人认为阅读是对自己的一种投资,所以我们想学一些有用的东西来回报我们的努力是很自然的。考查介词短语辨析。in return for作为对的回报;in view of鉴于;in res

46、ponse to作为对的回应;in parallel with与平行。考点一介词辨析考点一介词辨析历年高考试题汇编1.(2011北京,35)With new technology,pictures of underwater valleys can be taken color.A.by B.for C.withD.in2.(2011安徽,25)Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek food safety problems.A.inB.toC.onD.after3.(2012浙江,6) all the animals Ive ever had

47、,these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.A.FromB.OfC.ForD.With4.(2012全国,16)100 is the temperature which water will boil.A.for B.atC.onD.of5.(2013课标,34)It was a real race time to get the project done.Luckily,we made it.A.overB.byC.forD.against6.(2013课标,11)A serious study of physics i

48、s impossible some knowledge of mathemat-ics.A.againstB.beforeC.beyondD.without7.(2014江西,33)It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life his great wealth.A.withoutB.despiteC.inD.to8.(2014重庆,7)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went the road.A.onB.alongC.fromD.off9.(2014北京,23)Ja

49、ne is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves half an hour.A.byB.inC.forD.until10.(2014大纲全国,29)September 30 is the day which you must pay your bill.A.byB.forC.withD.in11.(2014陕西,14)The Scottish girl blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.A.byB.ofC.inD.with答案答案15

50、DBBBD611DBDBAD考点二介词短语辨析考点二介词短语辨析1.(2010湖北,30)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money favors to them.A.in preference to B.in place ofC.in agreement withD.in exchange for2.(2012江苏,29)Thank God youre safe!I stepped back,just to avoid the racing car.A.in timeB.in caseC.in ne