2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit21HumanBiology课件北师大版.ppt

1、Unit 21Unit 21Human BiologyHuman Biology基础知识基础知识梳理梳理考点知识考点知识导练导练基础知识基础知识梳理梳理 抓主干抓主干固双基固双基单单词词拓拓展展 1.1. vt. vt.容忍容忍, ,忍受忍受 adj.adj.宽容的宽容的, ,容忍的容忍的 n.n.宽容宽容, ,容忍容忍; ;忍耐忍耐( (力力) ) adj.adj.可容忍的可容忍的2.2. vt.vt.寻找寻找 n.n.寻求者寻求者, ,追求者追求者 3.3. vt.vt.反对反对, ,反抗反抗 adj.adj.强烈反对的强烈反对的 prep.& adv.prep.& adv.在对面在对面

2、adj.adj.对面的对面的 n.n.对立面对立面toleratetoleratetoleranttoleranttolerancetolerancetolerabletolerableseekseekseekerseekeropposeopposeopposedopposedoppositeopposite单单词词拓拓展展 4.4. vt. vt. 使丧失使丧失; ;抢劫抢劫 n.n.抢劫抢劫5.5. vt.vt.禁止禁止, ,不准不准 adj.adj.抑制的抑制的 n.n.禁止禁止; ;禁令禁令6.6. vt.vt.装备装备, ,配备配备, ,使有准备使有准备 n.n.设备设备, ,器械器

3、械, ,装备装备7.7. n.(n.(大量大量) )财产财产; ;运气运气 adj.adj.幸运的幸运的, ,侥幸的侥幸的 adv.adv.幸运地幸运地8.8. vi. (to) vi. (to) 屈服屈服, ,听从听从 vt.vt.提交提交 adj.adj.服从的服从的robrobrobberyrobberyprohibitprohibitprohibitiveprohibitiveprohibitionprohibitionequipequipequipmentequipmentfortunefortunefortunatefortunatefortunatelyfortunatelysu

4、bmitsubmitsubmissivesubmissive单单词词拓拓展展 9.9. n.& vt.n.& vt.滥用滥用; ;虐待虐待; ;辱骂辱骂 adj.adj.虐待的虐待的, ,被滥用的被滥用的 n.n.滥用者滥用者10.10. vt.vt.消化消化; ;吸收吸收, ,领悟领悟 n.n.文摘文摘n.n.消化消化( (力力) ) adj.adj.消化的消化的, ,易消化的易消化的11.11. vt. vt.反驳反驳; ;与与发生矛盾发生矛盾 n.n.矛盾矛盾, ,不一致不一致 adj.adj.相矛盾的相矛盾的12.12. n. n.最低最低; ;最小最小13.13. adj. adj.

5、荣幸的荣幸的 n.n.特权特权, ,优惠优惠abuseabuseabusiveabusiveabuserabuserdigestdigestdigestiondigestiondigestivedigestivecontradictcontradictcontradictioncontradictioncontradictorycontradictoryminimumminimumprivilegedprivilegedprivilegeprivilege单单词词拓拓展展 14.14. vt.vt.推迟推迟, ,延期延期 15.15. n.& vi.n.& vi.下降下降, ,衰退衰退; ;谢

6、绝谢绝16.16. n.& vi.n.& vi.交换交换17.17. adj.adj.有争议的有争议的18.18. adj. adj. 临时的临时的; ;短暂的短暂的19.19. n.n.常规常规; ;惯例惯例20.20. n. n. 信心信心21.21. n.n.情形情形; ;情况情况22.annual 22.annual adj._adj._pulsory pulsory adj._adj._24.symptom 24.symptom n._n._25.enquiry 25.enquiry n._n._postponepostponedeclinedeclineswapswapcontro

7、versialcontroversialtemporarytemporaryroutineroutinefaithfaithcircumstancecircumstance每年的每年的, ,年度的年度的义务的义务的, ,强制性的强制性的症状症状询问询问, ,咨询咨询短短语语记记忆忆1.1. all costs all costs 无论如何无论如何, ,不管多大代价不管多大代价2.2. any rate any rate 无论如何无论如何; ;至少至少3.3. vain vain 徒然徒然, ,白费力气白费力气4.wipe 4.wipe 彻底毁灭彻底毁灭5.stop sth.5.stop sth

8、. its tracks its tracks 终止终止; ;消灭消灭6.straight 6.straight 立刻立刻, ,马上马上7.7. random random 随便地随便地, ,随意地随意地8.8. despair despair 绝望地绝望地9.miss 9.miss 遗漏遗漏, ,遗忘遗忘; ;错过机会错过机会10.focus 10.focus 聚焦聚焦, ,集中集中, ,对准对准 atatatatininoutoutininawayawayatatininoutoutonon句句型型整整理理1.Unfortunately,1.Unfortunately, athletes

9、athletes using illegal drugs. using illegal drugs.不幸的是不幸的是, ,很难抓住使用违禁药物的运动员。很难抓住使用违禁药物的运动员。2.In the future,athletes who 2.In the future,athletes who . . might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than tw

10、o hours. or the marathon in less than two hours. 将来将来, ,改变基因的运动员可能在改变基因的运动员可能在8 8秒内跑完秒内跑完100100米或不到两小时就能跑米或不到两小时就能跑 完马拉松。完马拉松。 ititisisnotnoteasyeasytotocatchcatchhavehavetheirtheirgenesgeneschangedchanged考点知识考点知识导练导练 解疑难解疑难提知能提知能1.tolerate vt.1.tolerate vt.容忍容忍; ;忍受忍受归纳拓展归纳拓展tolerate (sb./ones) doi

11、ng sth.tolerate (sb./ones) doing sth.容忍容忍( (某人某人) )做做 某事某事be tolerant of.be tolerant of.容忍容忍have no tolerance for have no tolerance for 对对毫不宽容毫不宽容 高考运用高考运用: :Such bad behavior is hard Such bad behavior is hard (tolerate) for most of us.(tolerate) for most of us.The school cant tolerate The school ca

12、nt tolerate (cheat) on exams.(cheat) on exams.Meanwhile,the Chinese people are no longer Meanwhile,the Chinese people are no longer (tolerate) of (tolerate) of criticisms. criticisms.答案答案: :to tolerateto toleratecheatingcheatingtoleranttolerant特别提示特别提示: :toleratetolerate后可接动词后可接动词-ing-ing形式作宾语形式作宾语,

13、 ,不接不定式。不接不定式。2.seek vt.(sought;sought)2.seek vt.(sought;sought)搜寻搜寻; ;请求请求; ;尝试尝试; ;企图企图归纳拓展归纳拓展seek to do sth.seek to do sth.试图做某事试图做某事seek (for) sth./sb.seek (for) sth./sb.寻找某物或某人寻找某物或某人seek afterseek after追求追求seek outseek out找到找到, ,寻出寻出seek sth.(from sb.)(seek sth.(from sb.)(向某人向某人) )请求请求;寻求寻求 高

14、考运用高考运用: :Another brand store seeks Another brand store seeks (be) much more than a shop,but (be) much more than a shop,but rather a destination. rather a destination.One group was asked to One group was asked to ( (找出找出) an interaction with ) an interaction with its waiter;the other,to speak only w

15、hen necessary. its waiter;the other,to speak only when necessary.(2018(2018全国全国,阅读理解阅读理解D)D)She managed to calm him down and seek help She managed to calm him down and seek help a neighbour.a neighbour.答案答案: :to beto beseek outseek outfromfrom3.oppose vt.3.oppose vt.反对反对, ,抗争抗争归纳拓展归纳拓展oppose (doing)

16、 sth.oppose (doing) sth.反对反对( (做做) )某事某事be opposed to sth./doing sth.be opposed to sth./doing sth.反对反对( (做做) )某事某事as opposed to (as opposed to (表示对比表示对比) )而非而非, ,相对相对in opposition (to) in opposition (to) 反对反对 高考运用高考运用: :He He (oppose) by two other candidates.(oppose) by two other candidates.The vill

17、agers were opposed to The villagers were opposed to (build) a factory here.(build) a factory here.答案答案: :is/was opposedis/was opposedbuildingbuilding特别提示特别提示: :oppose oppose 是及物动词是及物动词, ,后直接加名词后直接加名词, ,或用或用be opposed to sth.be opposed to sth.。objectobject多用作不及物动词多用作不及物动词, ,后加后加toto再加名词。再加名词。We We op

18、pose/are opposed to/object tooppose/are opposed to/object to any plans to cut back production. any plans to cut back production.我们反对任何削减生产的计划。我们反对任何削减生产的计划。4.rob vt.4.rob vt.抢夺抢夺, ,抢劫抢劫, ,掠夺掠夺, ,使丧失使丧失归纳拓展归纳拓展rob sb.of sth.rob sb.of sth.抢夺某人某物抢夺某人某物/ /使某人丧失使某人丧失steal sth.from sb./sp.steal sth.from s

19、b./sp.从某人从某人/ /某地窃取某物某地窃取某物 高考运用高考运用: :The noise robbed me The noise robbed me a good nights sleep.a good nights sleep.Harry used to steal money Harry used to steal money his fathers drawer.his fathers drawer.答案答案: :ofoffromfrom5.postpone vt.5.postpone vt.延期延期; ;延缓延缓; ;搁置搁置归纳拓展归纳拓展postpone sth.(to/u

20、ntil sth.)postpone sth.(to/until sth.) 推迟推迟(到到)postpone doing sth.postpone doing sth.推迟做某事推迟做某事 高考运用高考运用: :The match was postponed The match was postponed the next day because of the bad the next day because of the bad weather. weather.Urban workers can postpone Urban workers can postpone (receive)

21、their pensions and (receive) their pensions and continue working when they reach retirement age. continue working when they reach retirement age.答案答案: :totoreceivingreceiving6.prohibit vt.6.prohibit vt.禁止禁止; ;妨碍妨碍; ;阻止阻止归纳拓展归纳拓展prohibit sth.prohibit sth.禁止某事禁止某事prohibit.from doing sth.prohibit.from

22、doing sth.禁止禁止做某事做某事( (同义短语同义短语 ban/forbid.from doing sth.) ban/forbid.from doing sth.)prohibit/forbid doing sth.prohibit/forbid doing sth.禁止做某事禁止做某事 高考运用高考运用: :The bags The bags (prohibit) in some 90 cities in California,(prohibit) in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles.( including

23、Los Angeles.(20182018浙江浙江, ,阅读理解阅读理解B B)High costs had prohibited the building work High costs had prohibited the building work being being completed. completed.答案答案: :are prohibitedare prohibitedfromfrom7.decline vi.7.decline vi.下降下降, ,衰退衰退; ;拒绝拒绝 n. n.衰退衰退, ,下降下降归纳拓展归纳拓展decline to do sth.decline t

24、o do sth.拒绝做某事拒绝做某事in declinein decline下降下降fall/go into declinefall/go into decline开始衰落开始衰落, ,陷入衰退陷入衰退 高考运用高考运用: :The speaker declined The speaker declined (comment) on the rumours.(comment) on the rumours.Industry in Britain has been Industry in Britain has been decline since the 1970s.decline sinc

25、e the 1970s.答案答案: :to commentto commentinin8.equip vt.8.equip vt.使有准备使有准备; ;配备配备; ;装备装备归纳拓展归纳拓展equip sb./sth.with sth.equip sb./sth.with sth.用某物装备某人用某物装备某人/ /物物be equipped with sth.be equipped with sth.装备有某物装备有某物equip sb./sth.for (doing) sth.equip sb./sth.for (doing) sth.为为( (做做) )某事使某事使有有 所准备所准备a p

26、iece of equipment a piece of equipment 一件设备一件设备equip sb./sth.to do sth.equip sb./sth.to do sth.使使有能力做某事有能力做某事 高考运用高考运用: :Their classroom is equipped Their classroom is equipped an air conditioner.an air conditioner.This ship was equipped This ship was equipped a voyage.a voyage.The emergency service

27、s are equipped The emergency services are equipped (deal) with disasters (deal) with disasters of this kind. of this kind.答案答案: :withwithforforto dealto deal9.fortune n.9.fortune n.大笔钱财大笔钱财; ;财产财产; ;财富财富; ;命运命运; ;运气运气; ;机会机会归纳拓展归纳拓展make a/ones fortune make a/ones fortune 发财发财try/seek ones fortune tr

28、y/seek ones fortune 碰运气碰运气be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.幸运做某事幸运做某事 高考运用高考运用: :The man The man ( (发财发财) in car sales.) in car sales.The girl was fortunate The girl was fortunate (get) a chance to travel in the (get) a chance to travel in the US. US.答案答案: :m

29、ade a/his fortunemade a/his fortuneto getto get10.submit vi.10.submit vi.顺从顺从, ,服从服从 vt. vt.提交提交, ,建议建议归纳拓展归纳拓展submit (oneself) to.submit (oneself) to.顺从顺从, ,屈从屈从submit sth.to.submit sth.to.把某物提交把某物提交submit+thatsubmit+that从句认为从句认为 高考运用高考运用: :Should you submit yourself Should you submit yourself him?

30、him?If you want to share a story of your pets with the readers,you If you want to share a story of your pets with the readers,you need to submit it need to submit it Smart Animals.Smart Animals.答案答案: :totototo11.at all costs11.at all costs不管多大代价不管多大代价, ,无论如何无论如何归纳拓展归纳拓展increase/reduce/cut costs incr

31、ease/reduce/cut costs 增加增加/ /削减成本削减成本at a cost ofat a cost of以以的费用的费用/ /价格价格at the cost ofat the cost of以以为代价牺牲为代价牺牲at cost at cost 按成本价按成本价at any cost at any cost 在任何情况下在任何情况下, ,无论如何无论如何 高考运用高考运用: :I decided to try I decided to try ( (不惜一切代价不惜一切代价) to rid ) to rid them of their fear of books. them

32、of their fear of books.The new buildings going up The new buildings going up a cost of $82 million.a cost of $82 million.Generally speaking,its wrong to achieve your aim Generally speaking,its wrong to achieve your aim . . ( (以以为代价为代价) your health.) your health.答案答案: :at all costsat all costsatatat

33、the cost ofat the cost of12.at any rate12.at any rate无论如何无论如何; ;至少至少归纳拓展归纳拓展the rate of.the rate of.的速度的速度at the/a rate ofat the/a rate of以以的速度或比率的速度或比率, ,以以的价格的价格at this rateat this rate照这样照这样 高考运用高考运用: :Well,thats a good piece of news Well,thats a good piece of news ( (不管怎么说不管怎么说).).Local business

34、es are closing Local businesses are closing ( (以以的的 速度速度) three a year.) three a year. ( (照这样照这样),she would be almost seven feet ),she would be almost seven feet tall by then. tall by then.答案答案: :at any rateat any rateat a/the rate ofat a/the rate ofAt this rateAt this rate特别提示特别提示: :at any rateat a

35、ny rate表示表示“无论如何无论如何”, ,强调事情的真实性强调事情的真实性; ;作作“至少至少”讲时讲时, ,表示所说的事情根据确切。表示所说的事情根据确切。13.in vain 13.in vain 徒然徒然, ,白费力气白费力气归纳拓展归纳拓展vain attempt/hope/effort vain attempt/hope/effort 徒劳的尝试徒劳的尝试/ /希望希望/ /努力努力It is vain to do sth.It is vain to do sth.做某事是无益的做某事是无益的 高考运用高考运用: :I tried to persuade him to quit

36、 smoking,but I tried to persuade him to quit smoking,but ( (白白 费力气费力气).).It is vain It is vain (take) an exam without careful preparation.(take) an exam without careful preparation.答案答案: :in vainin vainto taketo take14.wipe out 14.wipe out 使疲惫不堪使疲惫不堪; ;勾销勾销; ;去除去除; ;彻底毁灭彻底毁灭归纳拓展归纳拓展wipe sth.from/off

37、 sth.wipe sth.from/off sth.从从上擦去某物上擦去某物wipe away wipe away 擦去擦去; ;擦掉擦掉wipe down wipe down 把把( (表面表面) )彻底擦干净彻底擦干净 高考运用高考运用: :The city The city ( (彻底毁灭彻底毁灭) by the earthquake.) by the earthquake.Wipe your tears Wipe your tears and get down to your work.and get down to your work.答案答案: :was wiped outwas

38、 wiped outawayaway15.Unfortunately,it is not easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs.15.Unfortunately,it is not easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs. 不幸的是不幸的是, ,很难抓住使用违禁药物的运动员。很难抓住使用违禁药物的运动员。 本句为本句为“It is+adj.+to do sth.”It is+adj.+to do sth.”句式句式,it,it作形式主语作形式主语, ,真正的主语是不定式短语。真正的主语是不定式短语。归

39、纳拓展归纳拓展在在“It is+adj.+for sb.to do sth.”It is+adj.+for sb.to do sth.”句式中句式中, ,作表语的形容词作表语的形容词 说明不定式行为的性质和特点说明不定式行为的性质和特点, ,常见的有常见的有:easy,difficult, :easy,difficult, important,necessary,vital,possible important,necessary,vital,possible等。等。在该句式中在该句式中, ,作表语的形容词为说明不定式逻辑主语的品行、性作表语的形容词为说明不定式逻辑主语的品行、性 格时格时, ,则把介词则把介词forfor改为改为of,of,构成句式构成句式:“It is+adj.+of sb.to :“It is+adj.+of sb.to do sth.” do sth.”。常见的形容词有。常见的形容词有:kind,nice,good,clever,wise,:kind,nice,good,clever,wise, careful,stupid,foolish,rude careful,stupid,foolish,rude等。等。