2020届高考英语完形填空精细讲解-(共70张PPT)课件.pptx

1、2020高考英语完形填空解题思路及精细讲解考纲要求与说明 完形填空题型考查考生语篇中灵活运用语言知识的能力。这种题型既可以测试词汇、句法等语言方面的知识，又可以考查学生的理解、联想、判断、推理等方面的思维能力具有较强的区分度，对考生的能力要求较高。 完形填空试题特点1） 材料特点：长度大约250-300个词之间。体裁以记叙文为主，近几年出现了新闻报道、应用文，议论文等文体，时代气息越来越浓，更贴近现实生活，传播知识的同时，传递正能量，可读性较强。2）考点：要求考生根据上下文信息选出意义符合语境的词，即只考语篇意义之间的衔接或语篇意义的完整，确保上下文语义贯通。3）不考点：一般不考单纯的语法，不

2、考固定搭配，不考同义词辨析。完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅读理解能力和总体语言水平。解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证的过程，需要我们立足语篇环境，树立全局观念，瞻前顾后，连贯思维，从语境角度来选择答案。完形填空的解题方法总的原则: 先完意，后完形。十六字方针：上下通气 ，瞻前顾后， 左顾右盼，前后照应。三步曲： 读填读完形填空具体解题步骤1.通览-选填-复核 跳格快速阅读一下全文，通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容等等。2.选填-紧扣文意，瞻前顾后，先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻找线索，注意词汇的意义

3、、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考，选项入格。3.复核-全面检查，确保语意连贯，用词准确。 复读全文验证答案。带着答案把全文再通读一遍 ，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。完形填空分类 记叙文型完形填空可分为记事和记人两种形式。 在记事型记叙文的完形填空中,作者在文章的第一句就已经把事件及其发生的时间、地点、人物交代清楚了,然后对这件事情的发生、发展进行陈述。通过对事件的叙述,反映出作者的某种思想,最后得出事件产生的结果。 记叙文在高考中占了很大的比例: 人物故事、历史故事、励志故事。 作者入手的角度也是各有千秋：社会、家庭、历

4、史、文化、健康、社会科学的最新发展,作为每年高考的一个主打体裁,命题人在选材上是绞尽了脑汁,但总体来讲它一般有以下两个特点:1. 情节曲折,信息量大,结尾出人意料的话题。 近几年高考完形填空往往在情节上有较大的曲折变化,并且结果出人意料,在文章的写作风格上作者不再是单纯地去叙述某个人、某件事,而是在叙述过程中把对人物的语言、行为、心理活动的描写也都融入了文章的叙述中,这样无疑就增加了考生理解的难度。因此,对于考生来说应理清故事发展的脉络,根据人物的语言、行为及心理活动等去了解作者的写作意图,对故事的发展和结局作出合理的想象和预测。2. 有亲切感,能引起共鸣,学生关注和熟悉的话题。 近几年高考完

5、形填空中有很多是反映人际关系、当今科学发展对人际关系的影响等的文章,这些是学生平时在生活中接触比较多的话题,因此对于学生来说容易接受,没有陌生感。 此类文章往往是高考中较难的题目,也是最容易失分的一种文章体裁。所选的有关文章蕴涵深刻的人生哲理,因此耐人寻味。从近年的高考完形填空来看,很多的完形填空往往在平淡的叙述中蕴涵着深刻的人生哲理。鉴于这一点,考生不但要理解文章的字面意思,更重要的是挖掘文章的内涵,只有做到了这一点,考生才能透彻理解文章,做好完形填空。 夹叙夹议型的完形填空一般有以下三个特点:1. 先叙述作者自己的某一个生活经历或见闻,然后针对这一事件发表自己对生活的看法,或揭示生活的真理

6、。2. 作者先提出一种观点或看法,然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明,有时也可能是用几个事例从不同的侧面来说明。3. 提出一种观点或见解,然后用某一事例来阐述这一观点,最后再进一步总结和升华。 对于夹叙夹议型的完形填空,抓住作者要说明的观点或要阐述的生活哲理是做好这一类型题目的关键,而作者叙述所发生的事件或生活经历只是为表达其思想服务的。 在说明文型完形填空题中,作者一般是首先提出一个要说明的对象,如某种理论、某种方法、某种技巧、某项活动,然后按照时间、空间、事情发展的顺序,运用举例、对比、演绎、归纳等方式进行介绍或说明。说明文型完形填空常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明。文章可以是

7、用来说明某一个存在的社会现象、一个产品的制作过程、一种产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。对于这一类型的完形填空,对考生而言最重要的还是要抓住作者说明的中心。说明文所呈现的方式往往较为单一,作者往往一开始就交代说明的对象,然后再从不同的角度进行说明。由于以上特点,这类文章的每一段往往就是其中的一个角度或侧面。因此,考生要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意。在文章每一段的开头或结尾,作者往往会对说明的话题进行概括说明。 议论文型完形填空一般是直接提出论点,通过论据论证,最后作者提出自己的看法或提出另一个话题供大家讨论。解答这类题要遵循下列原则:1. 对于纯议论型的完形填空,

8、在把握全文主旨的情况下,抓住每段的首句是非常重要的。有一项调查结果表明:英语中有60%90%的议论文的主旨是文章的首句,抓住了文章的主旨也就“牵住了牛鼻子”,再理解文章也就不难了。2. 理清文章的论点、论据和结论。与记叙文型完形填空相比,议论文型完形填空更难做一些。一般的记叙文是按时间顺序进行描述的,我们只要把握事件的发生、发展过程就能将情景把握好。然而,议论文型完形填空就没有这么简单了。如果我们对论点、论据、结论都把握不清,只能是莽撞地选择答案。 一般说来,能说明论点的主要内容的答案可以在论据里得到印证,且论点里某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来,使论点论据形成相辅相成的关系,从而使整篇文章

9、内容上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾,论点与论据相悖,最后的结论与论点相矛盾,那就说明我们对文章的把握还欠条理性和系统性,这时我们需要重新理顺文章中的各部分,直到条理清晰为止,然后再依据自己对文章的把握及各部分的逻辑关系选出答案。完形填空所选短文的第一句通常为主题句,一般不设空。把握主题句对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。 2017课标全国卷中完形填空题的首句While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that

10、exploration.为本文的主旨句,说明本文的主旨是大学生探索生活新的方面,即学习美式手语。解题技巧 完形填空主要考查考生对语境的理解,所以考生在做题时要有全局观念,进行连贯性思维,要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解,进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处前后通常会有提示,这种提示多为后面提示前面。一般来说,完形填空的四个选项形式完全相同,如都是动词原形、都是副词、都是名词复数形式等,所以要注意它们在意义上和搭配上的细微差异,形义兼顾。 同时,一定要把这些选项放到特定语境里进行区分、判断,从而选出正确答案。 I learned that Freddy did several jobs

11、 after his graduation from high school and remained the same 53 person I met forty years before.Once, while working overnight at a store, he let a homeless man 54 (sleep)in his truck. Another time, he 55(lent) a friend money to buy a house.(2017课标全国) 53.A.daringB.modest C.caring D.smart本题四个选项均为形容词,下

12、文“他在店里上夜班时,他让一个无家可归的人睡在他的卡车里。还有一次他借钱给一个朋友去买房子”暗示53空:乐于助人的,关心他人的。语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位,如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语,这些词语被称为“语篇标志”。答案 C 表示结构层次的语篇标志语有firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等;表示逻辑关系的语篇标志语有thus, therefore, so等;表示改变话题的语篇标志语有by the way等;表示递进关系的语篇标志语有besides, whats more, furthermore等;表示时间关系的语篇标志语有b

13、efore, so far, yet, mean-while, later等;表转折或让步关系的语篇标志语有but, while, although等。在做完形填空时,如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语,就可以迅速理清文章的脉络,弄清上下文的关系。A Toronto man is offering a free round-the-world air ticket to the right woman. But 41 apply. You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian 42(passport). (2017课标全国)41.

14、A.benefitsB.deposits C.restrictionsD.examinations根据转折连词But可知:虽然一位多伦多男士愿意给某位女士免费提供环球旅行的机票,但是有一些限制(restrictions)。下句介绍了限制的具体内容。答案 C 完形填空试题中,有些词语常常重复出现在语篇之中。 词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯,从而构成一个完整而有机的意义整体。 在阅读文章的过程中,有时也会发现一些与选项意义紧密相连的同义词或近义词。 因此要学会充分利用这些词提供的有效信息进行合理的推测判断,选出正确答案。While high school does not gen

15、erally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this41 process and found.(2017课标全国)41.A.searchingB.planning C. naturalD.formal本文首句(尽管高中不鼓励学生探索生活的新的方面,但是大学却使那种探索成为可能)为主题句。 根据首句中的exploration(探索)可知本空答案为searching(探索)。search和exp

16、lore为同义词,下文的“found”也和search对应。答案 A 完形填空命题的基本形式是独立的语篇,它以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息,但其中有时渗透着如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。 考生在做题时,若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识,巧妙地加以运用,特别是注意中西文化的差异,将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程,节省宝贵的时间,顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。Just last year, I was 56(conducting)a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman 57(excused)

17、the interruption and handed me an envelope. I stopped teaching and 58 it up.(2017课标全国)58.A.openedB.packed C.gaveD.held根据西方人的风俗,当收到别人给的礼物、包裹等时,要当面打开包裹、包装。答案A 答题时通过分析习惯用法、词语搭配、固定搭配等搭配关系和句子结构,进行有效的推理判断,从而选出正确选项。 因此,同学们平时要有意识地记忆一些常用的词语搭配、习惯用法、固定搭配,学会分析句子结构。 这类题目要求我们不仅能够记忆这些词和词组,还要学会灵活使用,准确判断。 对常见句型的掌握也很

18、重要。 有些句型在经过反复使用后,会让我们形成一定的语感,这对确定题目答案很有帮助。 Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on.43 he got closer, he found 44(another)vehicle upside down on the road.(2016课标全国) 43.A.SinceB.Although C.AsD.If分析句子结构及所给选项,可判断设空处引导状语从句,表示“当”当他逐渐接近,他发现另外一辆车车胎朝上翻在路上。答案 C 对于高三学生而言,要多做记叙文型的完形填空,因为考查的重点是语篇的通读能力,记

19、叙文最能突出这个特点。 要想在完形填空中取得好成绩,建议同学们第一学期每周至少做两篇,第二学期每周不低于三篇。 完形填空不是靠老师讲会的,关键在于练,熟能生巧。Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was 41 along 165 north after delivering to one of his 42 . Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. 43 he got closer, he found 44 vehicle upsid

20、e down on the road. One more look and he noticed 45 shooting out from under the 46 vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and 47 the fire extinguisher(灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.41. A. walkingB. touringC. traveling D. rushing42. A. passengers B. colleague

21、s C. employers D. customers43. A. Since B. AlthoughC. As D. If44. A. each B. anotherC. that D. his45. A. flames B. smokeC. water D. steam46. A. used B. disabledC. removed D. abandoned47. A. got hold of B. preparedC. took charge of D. controlled依据上下文暗示解题的方法Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One

22、 morning in 2009, Larry was 41 along 165 north after delivering to one of his 42 . Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. 43 he got closer, he found 44 vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed 45 shooting out from under the 46 vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake

23、 and 47 the fire extinguisher(灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.41. A. walkingB. touringC. traveling D. rushing42. A. passengers B. colleagues C. employers D. customers43. A. Since B. AlthoughC. As D. If44. A. each B. anotherC. that D. his45. A. flames B. smokeC. w

24、ater D. steam46. A. used B. disabledC. removed D. abandoned47. A. got hold of B. preparedC. took charge of D. controlled练习：It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.How could the medicine get to Nome? The towns _39_ was already f

25、ull of ice, so it couldnt come by ship. Cars and horses couldnt travel on the _40_ roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didnt exist yet.39. A. airportB. stationC. harbor D. border40. A. narrow B. snowyC. busy D. dirty来源:学科网练习：It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska. The town was cut off from th

26、e rest of the world due to heavy snow.How could the medicine get to Nome? The towns _39_ was already full of ice, so it couldnt come by ship. Cars and horses couldnt travel on the _40_ roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didnt exist yet.39. A. airportB. stationC. harbor D. border40. A. narrow B. sno

27、wyC. busy D. dirty来源:学科网They told her to stay _52_ until the emergency personnel arrived, _53_ she thought the car was going to _54_. Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move _55_ she injured her neck.52. A. quiet B. still C. away D. calm53. A. forB. soC. and D. bu

28、t54. A. explodeB. slip awayC. fall apart D. crash55. A. as if B. unlessC. in case D. after语义逻辑关系解题的方法They told her to stay _52_ until the emergency personnel arrived, _53_ she thought the car was going to _54_. Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move _55_ she inju

29、red her neck.52. A. quiet B. still C. away D. calm53. A. forB. soC. and D. but54. A. explodeB. slip awayC. fall apart D. crash55. A. as if B. unlessC. in case D. afterOnce fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man _56_ and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the _57_ if he was ne

30、eded or _58_ to go. They let him and the other man go.One thing is _59_ Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His _60_ most likely saved the womans life.56. A. stepped forward B. backed off C. moved on D. set out57. A. woman B. police C. man D. driv

31、er58. A. forbidden B. ready C. asked D. free59. A. for certain B. for consideration C. reported D. checked60. A. patience B. skills C. efforts D. promiseOnce fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man _56_ and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the _57_ if he was needed or _58_ t

32、o go. They let him and the other man go.One thing is _59_ Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His _60_ most likely saved the womans life.56. A. stepped forward B. backed off C. moved on D. set out57. A. woman B. police C. man D. driver58. A. forbi

33、dden B. ready C. asked D. free59. A. for certain B. for consideration C. reported D. checked60. A. patience B. skills C. efforts D. promise练习：What brought about this _36_ change in me? The desert hadnt changed, _37_ I had. I had changed my _38_. And by doing so, I changed an unhappy experience into

34、the most amazing _39_ of my life. I was excited by this new world that I had discovered. I had looked out of my self-created prison and _40_ the stars.36. A. shockingB. challengingC. puzzling D. astonishing37. A. as B. butC. for D. or38. A. attitude B. principleC. identity D. standard39. A. vacation

35、 B operationC. affair D. adventure40. A. sought B. countedC. found D. reached练习：What brought about this _36_ change in me? The desert hadnt changed, _37_ I had. I had changed my _38_. And by doing so, I changed an unhappy experience into the most amazing _39_ of my life. I was excited by this new wo

36、rld that I had discovered. I had looked out of my self-created prison and _40_ the stars.36. A. shockingB. challengingC. puzzling D. astonishing37. A. as B. butC. for D. or38. A. attitude B. principleC. identity D. standard39. A. vacation B operationC. affair D. adventure40. A. sought B. countedC. f

37、ound D. reachedThe man who had his bright lights on _48_ and told Larry he had _49_ an emergency call. They _50_ heard a womans voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. _51_ the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.48. A. came downB. came through C. came in D

38、. came over49. A. returned B. receivedC. made D. confirmed50. A. then B. againC. finally D. even51. A. Starting B. ParkingC. Passing D. Approaching词语搭配习惯的方法The man who had his bright lights on _48_ and told Larry he had _49_ an emergency call. They _50_ heard a womans voice coming from the wrecked (

39、毁坏的) vehicle. _51_ the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.48. A. came downB. came through C. came in D. came over49. A. returned B. receivedC. made D. confirmed50. A. then B. againC. finally D. even51. A. Starting B. ParkingC. Passing D. Approaching练习：Two years

40、 ago, while Cathy was watching the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little headto be a swimmer. Last summer, she wanted to _18_ our local swim team. She practiced hard and finally _19_ it. The team practice, _20_, was a rough start. She coughed and choked and could hardly _21_ her first few wee

41、ks. Hearing her coughing bitterly one night, I decided to _22_ her from it all. But Cathy woke me up early next morning, wearing her swimsuit _23_ to go! I told her she shouldnt swim after a whole nights coughing, but she refused to _24_ and insisted she go.18. A. improveB. trainC. joinD. contact19.

42、 A. increasedB. foundC. createdD. made20. A. howeverB. thereforeC. otherwiseD. instead21. A. useB. surviveC. saveD. waste22. A. pullB. tellC. hideD. fire23. A. afraidB. nervousC. readyD. free24. A .take offB. set offC. give upD. show up练习：Two years ago, while Cathy was watching the Olympics, a dream

43、 came into her sweet little headto be a swimmer. Last summer, she wanted to _18_ our local swim team. She practiced hard and finally _19_ it. The team practice, _20_, was a rough start. She coughed and choked and could hardly _21_ her first few weeks. Hearing her coughing bitterly one night, I decid

44、ed to _22_ her from it all. But Cathy woke me up early next morning, wearing her swimsuit _23_ to go! I told her she shouldnt swim after a whole nights coughing, but she refused to _24_ and insisted she go.18. A. improveB. trainC. joinD. contact19. A. increasedB. foundC. createdD. made20. A. however

45、B. thereforeC. otherwiseD. instead21. A. useB. surviveC. saveD. waste22. A. pullB. tellC. hideD. fire23. A. afraidB. nervousC. readyD. free24. A .take offB. set offC. give upD. show up One more look and he noticed _45_ shooting out from under the _46_ vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and _4

46、7_ the fire extinguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.45. A. flames B. smoke C. water D. steam46. A. used B. disabled C. removed D. abandoned47. A. got hold of B. prepared C. took charge of D. controlled词汇复现解题的方法 One more look and he noticed _45_ shooting out

47、 from under the _46_ vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and _47_ the fire extinguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.45. A. flames B. smoke C. water D. steam46. A. used B. disabled C. removed D. abandoned47. A. got hold of B. prepared C. took charge of

48、D. controlled练习：No, its too long and it doesnt have any _49_” complained Lainey.Oh, thats where you are _50_; there are lots of pictures. Every page is full of pictures; you just have to read the words to _51_ them. Its like magic.”Nice try, Aunt Dede,” Lainey replied _52_ from the back seat.Another

49、 _53_ was in order. “Well, if you dont want to read it, give it _54_. Maybe your mom would _55_ hearing the story.” The book sailed through the air to Aunt Dede and she began to read it aloud. By the end of the first chapter, _56_ were coming from the back seat: “Please read a little _57_.”49.A. pic

50、turesB. storiesC. adventuresD. conversations50. A. crazyB. foolishC. wrongD. different51. A. seeB. matchC. showD. recognize52. A. sourlyB. patientlyC. eagerlyD. shyly53. A. ideaB. tryC. beliefD. behavior54. A. awayB. outC. in D. back55. A. enjoyB. admitC. mindD. finish56. A. decisionsB. requestsC. c