O形圈技术-ppt课件.ppt

1、O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O ppt课件O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O 密封件分类密封件分类O形圈尺寸形圈尺寸O形圈材料形圈材料O形圈沟槽设计形圈沟槽设计O形圈失效形圈失效2O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O 唇形密封件（唇形密封件（U / V/ Y） 成形密封件成形密封件 油封油封 挤压密封件（组合密封，挤压密封件（组合密封，O形圈形圈，D形圈等）形圈等） 接触式密封接触式密封 机械密封机械密封 基础密封件基础密封件 磁流体密封磁流体密封 动密封动密封 非接触式密封非接触式密封 迷宫式密封迷宫式密封 膜片密封膜

2、片密封 绝缘密封绝缘密封 密封密封 波纹管波纹管 涂胶金属垫片涂胶金属垫片 金属密封垫金属密封垫 金属金属O形圈形圈 金属平垫片金属平垫片 静密封静密封 O形圈形圈，星形圈，星形圈 纸质密封垫纸质密封垫 非金属密封垫非金属密封垫 橡胶密封垫橡胶密封垫 液体密封胶液体密封胶 3O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O Orings: An elastomeric seal of homogenous composition molded in one piece to the configuration of a torus with a circular cross-sect

3、ion.O形圈：靠模具成形，由同质物合成的断面为圆形的圆环形弹性体密封件。The O-Ring is used as a dynamic or static seal, usually installed in a machined groove.O形圈常用于静密封或动密封，一般是安装在一个机械加工的沟槽内。4O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O OD- 外径外径 ID- 内径内径 W （C/S）- 线径线径 标准：标准：AS568A 美国标准美国标准BS 1806英国标准ISO 3601国际标准BS 4518英国标准ISO 6149-2国际标准NF T47-501法国标

4、准JIS 2401日本工业标准日本工业标准GB 3452中国国家标准5O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O 线径线径 mm公差公差mm- 1.800.081.80 2.650.092.65 3.550.103.55 5.300.135.30 7.000.157.00 8.000.188.00 10.000.2110.00 12.000.2512.00 - 根据要求根据要求6O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O 7O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O Static Seal: A seal formed between matin

5、g parts that do not move relative to each other.静密封：密封件安装在无相对运动的组件之间。* Axial squeeze: side to side compression 轴向挤压* Radial Squeeze: I.D./O.D. compression 径向挤压Dynamic Seal: A seal in each one or more of the mating components moves relative to each other.动密封：密封件安装在有相对运动的组件之间。* Reciprocating: axial mo

6、vement 往复运动* Rotatory: curvalinear movement 旋转运动8O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O Parting Line: A ridge on the part were the mold plates meet. 分模线：模板结合处在产品上留下的痕迹。Flash: hin cross section of residual rubber formed at the mold parting line. 飞边：在分模线处残留在断面上的多余材料。Shrink: the dimensional change that occurs i

7、n a rubber part as it cures during molding. 2% - 4% during molding, additional 1% if post cured. 收缩率：橡胶在模腔内成型时产生的相对于模具尺寸的差异。在模腔内的收缩为2%-4%，若采用快速硫化，收缩率增加产1%。Hardness: Durometer points shore “A” is most widely used 硬度：邵氏硬度（肖氏硬度）是最普遍采用的描述方法。9O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O Compression Set: A measurement o

8、f the loss of recovery when tested at a specified deflection, temperature and time. 压缩变形：描述在规定的压缩量，温度和时间下，材料弹性的损失。Tensile Strength: The force required to rupture a specimen. 扯断强度：将标准试样拉断时所需的力。Modulus: The force required to reach a predetermined deformation. 模量：达到规定变形量所需的力。10O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - -

9、 O O The best O-Rings in the world wont work if the gland theyre in isnt designed right. 没有正确的沟槽，再好的O形圈也不能发挥作用大约25-50%的泄漏都与沟槽设计有关。其余的影响因素为：密封材料选择错误，密封件损坏，磨损等 完整的沟槽设计/分析包含非常多的数字分析Stretch, Squeeze, & Fill 拉伸，压缩，填充率Tolerance Stack-ups 尺寸公差与过盈量设计11O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O 1. Material Selection 材料的选

10、择材料的选择2. Proper Squeeze 适当的压缩适当的压缩3. Gland Fill 沟槽填充率沟槽填充率4. Stretch 拉伸拉伸5. Pressure vs Clearance 施压与释压施压与释压6. Eccentricity & Side Loading 偏心与侧向载荷偏心与侧向载荷7. Tolerances 尺寸公差尺寸公差8. Surface Finish 表面粗糙度表面粗糙度9. Sharp Corners 尖角尖角12O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O Affects resiliency property of material 影响材料

11、的弹性影响材料的弹性Too little shortens seal life 缩短密封件的使用寿命缩短密封件的使用寿命Too much overstresses material 材料内部应力过大材料内部应力过大25% optimum nominal design squeeze 较适当的名义尺寸压缩量为较适当的名义尺寸压缩量为25%recommended squeeze different for different gland configurations and different sizes 推荐的压缩量因尺寸和沟槽结构的不同有所区别推荐的压缩量因尺寸和沟槽结构的不同有所区别13O形

12、圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O Compression expressed as a percentage of the free-state cross-sectional thickness.(O-Ring C/S) O形圈截面直径形圈截面直径- Gland Depth沟槽深度沟槽深度(O-Ring C/S)O形圈截面直径形圈截面直径Face Seal 端面密封端面密封: 20-30%Static Male/Female 静密封静密封: 18-25%Reciprocating 往复密封往复密封: 10-20%Rotary 旋转密封旋转密封: 0-10%14O形圈技术

13、交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O Gland volume vs. O-Ring volume(O-Ring Volume)O形圈体积形圈体积(Gland Volume)沟槽容积沟槽容积About 25% void space or 75% nominal fill 大约大约25%的空隙或的空隙或75%的名义填充率的名义填充率Need space in groove to allow for volume swell, thermal expansion, and increasing width due to squeeze 沟槽内需要预留空间给沟槽内需要预留空间给O形圈膨胀

14、形圈膨胀,散热散热,和由压缩引起的宽度增加和由压缩引起的宽度增加Narrower groove for sealing vacuum or gas 在真空密封或是密封气体时在真空密封或是密封气体时,要将沟槽变窄要将沟槽变窄O-Ring can get squeezed out into clearance gap or get squeezed in two directions O形圈有可能被挤入沟槽间隙或受到双向的挤压形圈有可能被挤入沟槽间隙或受到双向的挤压15O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O % inside diameter stretch installed

15、 in groove内径拉伸装入沟槽内径拉伸装入沟槽(Groove Diameter) 沟槽底径沟槽底径- (O-Ring ID)O形圈内径形圈内径(O-Ring ID)O形圈内径形圈内径General rule is 0-5% 常规要求常规要求0-5%Excessive stretch can overstress material 过度拉伸会使材料产生过大的内部应力过度拉伸会使材料产生过大的内部应力Thins cross section and reduces % squeeze 拉伸会减小拉伸会减小O形圈断面的和降低压缩变形形圈断面的和降低压缩变形% cross section redu

16、ction due to stretch about half of the % ID stretch O形圈断面减小的百分比约为内径拉伸百分比的一半形圈断面减小的百分比约为内径拉伸百分比的一半16O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O FACE 端面密封端面密封RADIAL (Male and Female) 活塞与活塞杆密封活塞与活塞杆密封DOVETAIL / HALF DOVETAIL 燕尾燕尾 / 半燕尾半燕尾BOSS 螺丝密封螺丝密封CRUSH 压垮密封压垮密封17O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O FACE SEAL 端面密封端面密封 N

17、O STRETCH 无拉伸无拉伸 INTERNAL PRESSURE: 压力来自内部压力来自内部DESIGN TO GROOVE OD设计基准为外径一侧设计基准为外径一侧EXTERNAL PRESSURE: 压力来自外部压力来自外部DESIGN TO GROOVE ID设计基准为内径一侧设计基准为内径一侧 0 CLEARANCE: HIGH PRESSURE0间隙间隙:高压高压20-30% SQUEEZE 20-30%压缩量压缩量18O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O RADIAL SEAL 活塞与活塞杆密封活塞与活塞杆密封 0-5% STRETCH 0-5%拉伸拉伸

18、20-30% SQUEEZE 20-30%压缩变形压缩变形 CLEARANCE GAP 有间隙存在有间隙存在19O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O DOVETAIL / 燕尾槽燕尾槽 INTERFERENCE FIT 过盈配合过盈配合 LID APPLICATIONS运用于盖子式的密封运用于盖子式的密封 EXPENSIVE MACHINING沟槽加工复杂沟槽加工复杂20O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O HALF DOVETAIL / 半燕尾槽半燕尾槽 INTERFERENCE FIT 过盈配合过盈配合 LID APPLICATIONS 运用于盖

19、子式的密封运用于盖子式的密封 EASIER TO MACHINE (Relative to Dovetail) 相对于燕尾槽较容易加工相对于燕尾槽较容易加工21O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O BOSS SEALS 螺丝密封螺丝密封 Stretch, Squeeze, Fill 拉伸拉伸,压缩压缩,填充率填充率 High Pressure (3,000 psi) 高压高压(3,000 psi) Industrial 工业用工业用 Military 军用军用MS33656 fits MS16142 & MS33649 bosses22O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZ

20、HEN - - O O CRUSH SEAL 压垮密封压垮密封YX 45 DEGREE ANGLE 45度导角度导角 X = Y = 1.321 x CS23O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O RECIPROCATING 往复往复FLOATING PNEUMATIC 气浮动气浮动ROTARY 旋转旋转24O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O RECIPROCATING往复运动往复运动0-5% STRETCH 0-5%拉伸拉伸10-20% SQUEEZE 10-20%压缩压缩CLEARANCE GAP 有配合间隙有配合间隙25O形圈技术交流形圈技术交

21、流ZHENZHEN - - O O FLOATING PNEUMATIC 气浮动密封气浮动密封NO SQUEEZE 无压缩无压缩LOW PRESSURE 低压低压(200 PSI)GASES AND NO PRESSURE LIQUIDS 介质气体不含有压流体介质气体不含有压流体26O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O ROTARY 旋转密封旋转密封NO STRETCH 无拉伸无拉伸0-11% SQUEEZE 0-11%压缩压缩LOW SPEEDS 低速低速(1500 fpm) (1500 英尺英尺/分钟分钟)27O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O

22、 ppt课件O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O Installation Damage / 安安 装装 损损 伤伤Description / 描描 述述: The seal or parts of the seal may exhibit small cuts,nicks or gashes. / 密封件部分或全部呈现整齐伤口。Contributing Factors / 造造 成成 原原 因因: Sharp edges on glands or components/沟槽等部件边角锋利.Improper sizing of elastomer/密封件尺寸不适. Low

23、-modulus/hardness elastomer/密封件硬度或弹性过低.Elastomer surface contamination/密封件表面有污物.Suggested Solutions / 解解 决决 方方 法法: Remove all sharp edges/清除锋利边角. Proper gland design/沟槽设计更加合理.Proper elastomer sizing/选择尺寸合适的密封件. Higher-modulus/hardness elastomer/选择弹性更大硬度更高的密封件.ppt课件O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O Spira

24、l Failure / 密密 封封 件件 卷卷 曲曲Description / 描描 述述: The seal exhibits cuts or marks which spiral around its circumference/密封件明显呈现卷曲情况.Contributing Factors: Difficult or tight installation (static). Slow reciprocating speed. Low-modulus/hardness elastomer. Irregular O-ring surface finish (including excess

25、ive parting line).Excessive gland width. Irregular or rough gland surface finish.Inadequate lubrication./安装造成，运动速度太低，材料太硬或弹性太小，O型圈表面处理不好，沟槽尺寸过宽，沟槽表面粗糙，润滑不足。Suggested Solutions: Correct installation procedures. Higher-modulus elastomer. Internally-lubed elastomers. Proper gland design. Gland surface

26、finish. Possible use of polymer backup rings./正确安装，选用高弹型材料， 选择可自润滑的材料，沟槽设计更合理，提高沟槽表面光洁度，尽量使用支撑环。ppt课件O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O Over-Compression / 过过 度度 压压 缩缩 Description / 描描 述述: The seal exhibits parallel flat surfaces (correspondingto the contact areas) and may develop circumferential splits w

27、ithin the flattened surfaces/密封件接触表面呈平面变形，并可能伴随裂纹.Contributing Factors / 造造 成成 原原 因因: Improper designfailure to account for thermal or chemical volume changes, or excessive compression./设计不合理：没有考虑到材料由于热量及化学介质引起的变形，或由于压力过大引起。Suggested Solutions / 解解 决决 方方 法法: Gland design should take into account mat

28、erial responses to chemical and thermal environments./沟槽的设计应考虑到材料由于温度及化学介质引起的变形。ppt课件O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O Extrusion / 挤挤 出出 Description / 描描 述述: The seal develops ragged edges (generally on the low-pressure side) which appear tattered. / 密封件有粗糙破烂的边缘，一般通常在压力低的一侧。Contributing Factors / 造造 成成

29、原原 因因: Excessive clearances. Excessive pressure.Low-modulus/hardness elastomer. Excessive gland fill. Irregular clearance gaps. Sharp gland edges. Improper sizing.间隙过大；压力过大；材料硬度或弹性太低；沟槽空间太小；间隙尺寸不规则；沟槽边角过于锋利；密封件尺寸不合适。Suggested Solutions / 解解 决决 方方 法法: Decrease clearances. Higher-modulus/hardness elas

30、tomer. Proper gland design. Use of polymer backup rings. / 降低间隙尺寸，选用更高硬度或弹性的材料，沟槽设计更合理ppt课件O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O Compression Set / 永永 久久 压压 缩缩 变变 形形Description / 描描 述述: The seal exhibits a flat-sided cross-section, the flatsides corresponding to the mating seal surfaces. / 密封件接触表面呈现平面永久变形。Co

31、ntributing Factors / 造造 成成 原原 因因: Excessive compression. Excessive temperature. Incompletely cured elastomer. Elastomer with high compression set. Excessive volume swell in chemical.压力过大；温度过高；材料没有经过适当的硫化处理；材料本身永久变形率过高；材料在化学介质中过度膨胀。Suggested Solutions / 解解 决决 方方 法法: Low compression set elastomer. Pro

32、per gland design for the specific elastomer. Confirm material compatibility.选择低变形率的材料；合适的沟槽设计；确认材料与介质相容。ppt课件O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O Chemical Degradation / 化化 学学 腐腐 蚀蚀Description / 描描 述述: The seal may exhibit many signs of degradation including blisters, cracks, voids or discoloration. In some

33、 cases, thedegradation is observable only by measurement of physical properties. / 化学腐蚀可引起密封件的各种缺陷，如发泡，破裂，小洞，或褪色等，有时化学腐蚀仅可通过仪器测量其物理性能而得知。Contributing Factors / 造造 成成 原原 因因: Incompatibility with the chemical and/or thermal environment./材料与介质不符或温度过高。Suggested Solutions / 解解 决决 方方 法法: Selection of more

34、 chemically resistant elastomer.选择更加符合介质的材料。ppt课件O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O Thermal Degradation / 热热 腐腐 蚀蚀Description / 描描 述述: The seal may exhibit radial cracks located on thehighest temperature surfaces. In addition, certain elastomers may exhibit signs of softeninga shiny surface as a result o

35、f excessive temperatures./ 密封件的高温接触表面呈现径向裂纹，另外有的材料可能会变软，或因温度过高而使材料变得有光泽。Contributing Factors / 造造 成成 原原 因因: Elastomer thermal properties. Excessive temperature excursions or cycling. / 材料不能承受高温，或温度超出预计温度，或温度变化过快过频繁。Suggested Solutions / 解解 决决 方方 法法: Selection of an elastomer with improved thermal st

36、ability. Evaluation of the possibility of cooling sealing surfaces./ 选择具有抗高温性能的材料，如可能加入冷却系统。ppt课件O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O Abrasion / 磨磨 损损Description / 描描 述述: The seal or parts of the seal exhibit a flat surface parallel to the direction or motion. Loose particles and scrapes may be found on th

37、e seal surface. / 密封件全部或部分密封区域产生磨损，可在密封表面找到材料磨损的颗粒。Contributing Factors / 造造 成成 原原 因因: Rough sealing surfaces. Excessive temperature. Process environment containing abrasive particles.Dynamic motion. Poor elastomer surface finish. / 密封表面光洁度不够，温度过高，密封环境渗入污物，密封件产生相对运动，密封件表面处理不彻底。Suggested Solutions /

38、解解 决决 方方 法法 : Use recommended gland surface finishes. Consider internally lubed elastomers. Eliminate abrasive components. / 使用推荐的沟槽光洁度，使用可自我润滑的材料，清除造成磨损的部件和环境。ppt课件O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O Explosive Decompression / 压压 力力 突突 降降Description / 描描 述述: The seal exhibits blisters, pits or pocks on it

39、s surface. Absorption of gas at high pressure and the subsequent rapid decrease in pressure. The absorbed gas blisters and ruptures the elastomer surface as the pressure is rapidly removed. / 密封件表面呈现气泡，凹坑，疤痕；压力很大时材料吸收介质内的气体，当压力突然减小时，材料所吸收的气体快速逃出。Contributing Factors/ 造造 成成 原原 因因: Rapid pressure chan

40、ges. Low-modulus/ hardness elastomer./ 压力变化太快，材料的硬度和弹性过低。Suggested Solutions / 解解 决决 方方 法法: Higher-modulus/hardness elastomer. Slower decompression (release of pressure).选择高硬度高弹性的材料，降低减压的速度。ppt课件O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O Plasma Degradation / 电电 腐腐 蚀蚀Description / 描描 述述: The seal often exhibits d

41、iscoloration, as well as powdered residue on the surface and possible erosion of elastomer in the exposed areas. / 密封件褪色，同时有粉末状物质残留在表面，与介质无接触一侧有腐蚀痕迹。Contributing Factors / 造造 成成 原原 因因: Chemical reactivity of the plasma. Ion bombardment (sputtering). Electron bombardment (heating). Improper gland des

42、ign. Incompatible seal material. / 化学反应产生电解，溅蚀（离子对结构表面冲击引起材料损耗），灼热，沟槽设计不合理。Suggested Solutions / 解解 决决 方方 法法: Plasma-compatible elastomer and compound. Minimize exposed area. Examine gland design. / 选择与介质相适合的材料，降低暴露区域，检查沟槽设计。ppt课件O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O Outgassing，Extraction / 材材 料料 损损 失失Descr

43、iption / 描描 述述: This failure is often very difficult to detect from examination of the seal. The seal may exhibit a decrease in cross-sectional size./ 此缺陷通常较难检测，密封件通常表现为截面尺寸减小。Contributing Factors / 造造 成成 原原 因因: Improper or improperly cured elastomer. High vacuum levels. Low hardness/plasticized ela

44、stomer. / 材料硫化处理不当，真空密封，材料硬度过低，或使用了带有增塑剂的材料。Suggested Solutions / 解解 决决 方方 法法: Avoid plasticized elastomers. Ensure all seals are properly post-cured to minimize outgassing. / 避免使用带有增塑剂的材料，确认密封件经过正确的硫化处理以减低泄露。ppt课件O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O Contamination / 污污 染染Description / 描描 述述: The seal exhib

45、its foreign material on the surfacewithin the cross section. / 密封件表面有异物。Contributing Factors / 造造 成成 原原 因因: Process environment deposition. Reactions or degradation of the elastomer. Non-semiconductor-grade elastomer./ 使用环境有污染，材料遭到腐蚀或产生反应，材料为非半导体行业等级的材料。Suggested Solutions / 解解 决决 方方 法法: Specify contamination level including manufacturing and packaging of the seals. / 加强密封件生产运输使用过程的环境控制。ppt课件O形圈技术交流形圈技术交流ZHENZHEN - - O O ppt课件