Unit1 Language points ppt课件-（2019）新人教版高中英语必修第二册 .pptx

1、1. former adj. happening or existing before; the first of two people/ things that you have just mentioned 以前的；两者中前者的以前的；两者中前者的 【拓展拓展】latter adj. 两者中后者的，（系列中）最后的，末尾的，后半期的两者中后者的，（系列中）最后的，末尾的，后半期的 n.后者后者the former 前者前者 the latter 后者后者eg Every time he comes back to his hometown, he will call on his form

2、er teachers. The latter point is the most important.2. promote vt. to help something to develop or increase; to give someone a better position; to help sell a new product; to go up to a higher level促促进；提升；推销；升级进；提升；推销；升级 promote development / growth / understanding 促进发展促进发展/增长增长/加深了解加深了解promote sb.

3、to 提升某人为提升某人为be promoted to. . . 被提升为被提升为【拓展拓展】 promotion n. 提升提升, 晋级晋级; 促销活动促销活动 gain / get promotion of sth. (对某事业的对某事业的)促进促进, 提倡提倡, 赞助赞助 win promotion 获得晋级获得晋级, 争取晋升争取晋升eg Our club promotes the friendship between Chinese and foreigners. She worked hard and was soon promoted. The band has gone on

4、tour to promote their new album.【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1) The organization works _ (促进友促进友谊谊) between nations. 2) Linda hopes to _ _ (被提拔到一个更高的职位被提拔到一个更高的职位) through her hard work. 3) There was a _ (promote) in the supermarket and they were giving away free glasses of milk.be promoted to a higherto pro

5、mote friendshipposition / postpromotion3. app n. 应用程序；应用软件应用程序；应用软件(application的缩略形式的缩略形式) application n. a formal request for something; practical purpose for which a machine, idea etc. can be used; a piece of software申申请请(表表)；用；用途途，运运用；应用用；应用(程序程序) 【拓展拓展】 apply vt. 应应用；涂，敷用；涂，敷 vi. 申请申请, 适用适用; 专心专

6、心 applicant n. 申请人申请人applyapply oneself to 致力于致力于; 集中精力做某事集中精力做某事apply to 牵涉到牵涉到; 运用于运用于; 向向询问询问apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人向某人)申请某物申请某物apply sth. to 把把运用于运用于be applied to 适用于适用于; 应用于应用于; 施加于施加于 【语境应用语境应用】翻译下列句子。翻译下列句子。1) The new technology has been applied to farming. 这项新技术已应用于农业。这项新技术已应用于农业。2) The

7、 rules of safe driving apply to everyone. 安全驾驶的条例适用于每一个人。安全驾驶的条例适用于每一个人。3) He applied to the police for a passport. 他向公安部门申请了护照他向公安部门申请了护照。4)We receive hundreds of job applications each year. 我我们每年收到数百封求职信们每年收到数百封求职信。【语境应用语境应用】翻译下列句子。翻译下列句子。1) 这项新技术已应用于农业。这项新技术已应用于农业。2) 安全驾驶的条例适用于每一个人。安全驾驶的条例适用于每一个人

8、。3) 他向公安部门申请了护照他向公安部门申请了护照。4) 我我们每年收到数百封求职信们每年收到数百封求职信。The new technology has been applied to farming.The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.He applied to the police for a passport.We receive hundreds of job applications each year.4. take part in 参与参与(某事某事)；参加；参加(某活动某活动)eg Women who took part i

9、n any creative activity themselves seemed to be healthier than those who didnt. (翻译翻译) 参加创造性活动的女性似乎比不参加的女性更健康。参加创造性活动的女性似乎比不参加的女性更健康。take part in/ attend/ join/ join in take part in 侧重参加某项群众性侧重参加某项群众性/集体性的事业集体性的事业/工作或活动工作或活动, 突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。attend 侧重参加侧重参加/出席会议或学术活动等。出席会议或学术活动等。join

10、加入某团体或组织，成为其中的医院，也可指加入某团体或组织，成为其中的医院，也可指加入某人的行列加入某人的行列join in 参加正在进行的活动，可与参加正在进行的活动，可与take part in互换互换【语境应用语境应用】用用 attend/take part in/join (in) 的适当形式填空。的适当形式填空。1) Last Sunday, our school held a cross-country running race. All students in Senior 3 _ it. (2020新高考新高考)took part in/joined in2) May I joi

11、n _ the game?3) Would you _ me in a walk?4) Our teacher _ the meeting yesterday. injoin attended5. give way to: to stop resisting sb./sth.; to agree to do sth. that you do not want to do 让步；屈服让步；屈服eg The company finally gave way to the customers complaints. (翻译翻译) 面对顾客的投诉，公司最终还是让步了。面对顾客的投诉，公司最终还是让步了

12、。【拓展拓展】 give相相关短关短语语give up 放弃放弃give away 分发，捐赠；泄露分发，捐赠；泄露give back 还给，恢复（健康等）还给，恢复（健康等）give in 交上，让步交上，让步give in to 屈服于；向屈服于；向让让步步give off 发出（光、热、气味等）发出（光、热、气味等）give out 用完；耗尽；发出用完；耗尽；发出【语境应用语境应用】用用give短语完成句子。短语完成句子。1) When they saw that they were surrounded by the enemy, they _.2) That weekend, we

13、 went to a nearby neighborhood and _ a lot of money to the people there.3) The bad apples _ a bad smell.4) The argument went on for hours because neither side would _.5) Toms legs _ and he couldnt go any farther.gave upgave awayare giving offgive ingave out6. balance n. it is a situation in which al

14、l the different parts are equal in strength or importance. 平衡平衡; 均匀均匀eg She was balancing a plate of food on her knees. I lost my balance and fell on my face. (翻译翻译) 她她把一盘食物稳稳地放在膝上把一盘食物稳稳地放在膝上。 我我失去平衡，脸着地摔倒了。失去平衡，脸着地摔倒了。vt. to be in or get into a steady position, without falling to one side or the o

15、ther, or to put something into this position使使平衡平衡 lose ones balance 失去平衡失去平衡keep ones balance 保持平衡保持平衡recover/regain ones balance 恢复平衡恢复平衡keep a balance between A and B 在在A和和B之间保持平衡之间保持平衡1) She cycled too fast round the corner, lost her balance and fell off.2) Do you believe it? Mike said he could

16、balance a pencil on the end of his nose.【语境运用语境运用】翻翻译句译句子。子。她拐弯时骑车太快，失去平衡摔倒了。她拐弯时骑车太快，失去平衡摔倒了。 你相信吗你相信吗？Mike说说他可以把他可以把铅笔放铅笔放在鼻尖上使之保持在鼻尖上使之保持平衡。平衡。 7. lead to: to result in (something) 导致导致; 造成造成(后果后果); 通向通向 to是介词，后可接名词、代词或动词是介词，后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语形式作宾语 【拓展拓展】 lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事使某人做某事 lead s

17、b. to sp. 带领某人去某地带领某人去某地 lead the way 引路引路, 带路带路 lead/live/have a.life 过着过着样的生活样的生活【语境应用语境应用】翻译句翻译句子。子。1) 吃太多的糖会引起健康问题。吃太多的糖会引起健康问题。 Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems. 2) 这条路通向公园。这条路通向公园。 The road leads to the park. 3) 她带领我们到了楼上的房间。她带领我们到了楼上的房间。 She led us to a room upstairs.8. propo

18、sal n. a plan or suggestion which is made formally to an official person or group, or the act of making it 提议；建议提议；建议make a proposal 提出建议提出建议eg The committee made / put forward a proposal to reduce the time limit. I welcome the proposal to reduce taxes for the poorly paid.【注意注意】proposal后常加后常加to do形式

19、，补充说明形式，补充说明proposal的内容。的内容。9. protest n. something that you do to show publicly that you think that something is wrong and unfair 抗抗议议vi.&vt. to come together to publicly express disapproval or opposition to something (公开公开)反对，抗议（常与反对，抗议（常与about, against或或at连用连用）常常用搭配：用搭配：without protest 乖乖地，毫不反对地乖

20、乖地，毫不反对地under protest 无奈地，不服气无奈地，不服气地，不甘心地地，不甘心地eg We cannot pass this matter by without protest. She wrote a letter of apology but only under protest. A lot of people protested about the new working hours. They were protesting against cuts in health spending. Many people have protested at the cuts

21、in state benefits. 【语境运用语境运用】翻译下面句子。翻译下面句子。1) The tourists protested about the bad service at the restaurant.2) She accepted the charge without protest.旅客们抗议那家饭店糟糕的服务。旅客们抗议那家饭店糟糕的服务。 她一声未吭地接受了指控。她一声未吭地接受了指控。 10. turn to: to try to get help, advice, or sympathy from someone向向求助求助 eg I dont know who t

22、o turn to.(翻译翻译) 我我不知道向谁求助。不知道向谁求助。【拓展拓展】turn短语短语 turn up 到到达；出现；露面达；出现；露面 turn away 走开走开; 转身转身; 不让不让进入进入 turn down 拒绝拒绝; 把把(声音声音)调低调低 turn out 结果是结果是 turn into 变成变成 turn over 移交移交; 翻身翻身; 使翻转使翻转 【语境应用语境应用】用含用含turn的短语的正确形式填空。的短语的正确形式填空。1) His request for a pay rise was _.2) With no one to _ for help,

23、 she felt quite sad. 3) Though it looked like rain this morning, it has _ to be a fine day.4) She was _ from the door. She couldnt come in.turned down turn to turned outturned away11. limit vt. to control something so that it is not greater than a particular amount, number or level 限定限定, 限制限制 n. the

24、 greatest or least amount, number, speed etc. that is allowed 限限制制, 限度限度【归纳归纳】limit.to. 把把限制在限制在范围内范围内be limited to. 局限于局限于a time/speed/age limit 时间时间/速度速度/年龄限制年龄限制within limits 在某种程度上在某种程度上; 有一定限制有一定限制set a limit on 对对加以限制加以限制beyond the limit 超过限度超过限度【拓展拓展】limited adj. 有限的有限的 limitation n. 限制；控制限制；

25、控制vt.n.【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1) My wife and I _ (定了一个限额定了一个限额) on how much we spend on clothes.2) I _ two cups of coffee a day. 我一天只允许自己喝两杯咖啡。我一天只允许自己喝两杯咖啡。3) They told us that we could do whatever we liked, _ (在一定限度内在一定限度内).set a limitlimit myself towithin (certain) limits12. prevent vt. to stop some

26、thing from happening, or stop someone from doing something 阻止；阻碍；阻挠阻止；阻碍；阻挠prevent from 阻止；不准阻止；不准 (有时可省略有时可省略from)eg Your quick action prevented a serious accident. My back injury may prevent me (from) playing in tomorrows game.类似结构：类似结构：stop . from . 阻止阻止做做keep . from . 阻止阻止做做prevent和和stop后的后的from

27、 都可以省略，但在被动语态中都可以省略，但在被动语态中不能省略不能省略from。而。而keep . from doing sth.中的中的from则则不能省略，如果省略了，其意义将发生改变。不能省略，如果省略了，其意义将发生改变。13. contribution n. an amount of money that you give in order to help pay for something;something that you give or do in order to help something be successful;when you give money, time,

28、 help etc. 捐款；贡献；捐赠捐款；贡献；捐赠make a contribution to / towards sth. 对对作出贡献作出贡献eg The young man has made an important contribution to the companys success. All the money has been raised by voluntary contribution.contribute vi. & vt. 捐献，捐助，捐赠捐献，捐助，捐赠contribute to 促成；有助于促成；有助于contribute to 把把捐献给捐献给eg I be

29、lieve that each of us can contribute to the future of the world. They say they would like to contribute more to charity, but money is tight this year.【语境运用语境运用】翻翻译句译句子。子。1) Many local businesses contributed to the school rebuilding fund.2) Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.3)

30、 This invention made a major contribution to road safety. 当地的许多企业为学校的重建基金提供了捐款。当地的许多企业为学校的重建基金提供了捐款。 诚实加苦干有助于获得成功和幸福。诚实加苦干有助于获得成功和幸福。 这项发明对道路安全贡献很大。这项发明对道路安全贡献很大。donate vt. to give something, especially money, to a person or an organization in order to help them; to allow some blood or a body organ

31、to be removed from your body so that it can be used in a hospital to help someone who is ill or injured 捐赠；赠送；捐赠；赠送；献血献血14. donate to 向向捐赠捐赠Last year he donated $1,000 to cancer research.eg The appeal for people to donate blood was very successful.15. attempt n.an act of trying to do something, espe

32、cially something difficult企企图；试图；尝试图；试图；尝试 vt. to try to do something, especially something difficult 企图；试图；尝试企图；试图；尝试【归纳归纳】make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 试图做某事试图做某事at the first attempt 第一次尝试第一次尝试attempt (v.) sth. / to do sth. 尝试某事尝试某事/做某事做某事【语境应用语境应用】完完成句子。成句子。1) Ill attempt _ (answer) all you

33、r questions. 2) If you fail _ the first attempt, there is no need to care about that. 3) Every year about 40,000 people _ (尝试尝试) to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.to answeratattempt16. worthwhile adj.it is important or useful, or you gain something from it; worth the time, money,

34、or effort that is spent on it 值得做的；值得花时间的值得做的；值得花时间的eg I thought it was worthwhile to clarify the matter. She considers teaching a worthwhile career. (翻译翻译) 我我认为有必要澄清事实认为有必要澄清事实。 她她把教书看成是一项值得从事的事业。把教书看成是一项值得从事的事业。worth, worthy & worthwhileworth n. 价值；价值；prep. 值值钱钱；值；值得得。eg The thieves stole 1 millio

35、n dollars worth of jewelry. A lot of the small towns in the area are worth visiting.worthy adj. 值值得尊敬的，值得得尊敬的，值得的。的。be worthy of sth., be worthy to do sth.eg Two points in this report are especially worthy of notice.worthwhile adj. 值值得的，值得花费时间得的，值得花费时间(或精力或精力)的，的，可作定语、可作定语、宾语补足语或表宾语补足语或表语语。It is wor

36、thwhile doing/to do sth.eg We decided to give the money to a worthwhile cause. It is worthwhile continuing with the project.【语境应用语境应用】完完成句子。成句子。1) The house is _ a lot of money.2) He who does his duty is _ of praising / to be praised.3) The smile on the girls face made it all _. worthworthyworthwhil

37、e17. throughout prep. in every part of a particular area, place etc.; during all of a particular period 各处，遍各处，遍及；自始至终及；自始至终 eg They export their products to markets throughout the world. The museum is open daily throughout the year.18. quality n. how good or bad something is; something that people

38、may have as part of their character, for example courage or intelligence; something that is typical of one thing and makes it different from other things 质量质量，品品质；素质；特征质；素质；特征 adj. very good 优优质质的，高的，高质量质量的的eg The supermarket provides goods of high quality. She has all the qualities of a good teache

39、r. The quality of iron is hardness; the quality of sugar is sweetness. Let us do our best to sell quality products with quality service.19. further adv. more, or to a greater degree (far的比较级的比较级) 更远；更进一步更远；更进一步 eg The flavor of the wine is further improved during the aging period.20. historic adj. a

40、 historic event or act is very important and will be recorded as part of history; having taken place or existed in the past历历史上著名史上著名 (或重要或重要) 的；有史时期的；有史时期的的historical 涉及历史、史学、过去的事实。如：涉及历史、史学、过去的事实。如：a historical event是指有历史证据来证明其存在的历史事件，是指有历史证据来证明其存在的历史事件，而不管其是否重要或著名。而不管其是否重要或著名。historic历史上著名的或具有重大历

41、史意义的。历史上著名的或具有重大历史意义的。 如：如：a historic event 是指一件历史上重要或著名的事件。是指一件历史上重要或著名的事件。historical和historic【语境应用】用historical,historic填空。1)Myfatherhasbeendoingsome_research.2)October1st,1949isa_day.historicalhistoric21. contrast n. an obvious difference between two or more things 对对比，对比，对照照 vt. if two things contrast, the difference between them is very easy to see and is sometimes surprising 对对比；对照比；对照 eg I like the contrast of the white trousers with the black jacket. If you contrast some of her early writing with her later work, you can see just how much she improved.