人教版高中英语必修四unit2全课件.ppt

1、1.struggle vt.&vi.& n. 斗争，拼搏，努力，挣扎斗争，拼搏，努力，挣扎struggle to do sth. 艰难地做某事，挣扎着做某事艰难地做某事，挣扎着做某事He struggled to earn a living.struggle for 为为而斗争而斗争You must struggle fopr freedom.struggle with/against 与与作斗争，同作斗争，同搏斗搏斗We have to struggle with/against all kinds of difficulties. 我们得和各种各样的困难作斗争。我们得和各种各样的困难作斗争

2、。struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来挣扎着站起来 He struggled to his feet.*2. disturbing a. 引起烦恼的，令人不安的disturbed a.感到不安的，烦恼的disturbance n.disturb vt.打扰打扰Im _that so many students are illiterate.Sorry to _ you, But I have an urgent message.There is a _ increase in the crime rate.*The computer industry has expande

3、d greatly during the last decade.expansion n. 扩张，扩展扩张，扩展expansive a. 广阔的，易扩张的，易膨胀的广阔的，易扩张的，易膨胀的3.expand vi.vi. 扩大，增加，增强扩大，增加，增强vt.vt.使变大，使增强，阐述使变大，使增强，阐述*4.circulate vt./vi. 循环，流传circulation n.（液体，空气等）循环，流通；（报纸或杂志的）发行量Swimming helps to get the blood circulating.游泳有助于血液循环。The news paper has a daily c

4、irculation of 5,5000.这份报纸每日的发行量是5.5万份。* 5.thanks to 由于，多亏由于，多亏 是介词短语，在句中作原因状语，常置是介词短语，在句中作原因状语，常置于句首或句末。于句首或句末。thanks to表含有感激之表含有感激之意。意。 ， we accomplished the task in time.多亏你们的帮助，我们及时完成了这项任多亏你们的帮助，我们及时完成了这项任务。务。*6.ridof 使使摆脱，除去摆脱，除去Rid a house of mice 清除室内老鼠。= get rid of sb./sth.get rid of mice.7.s

5、atisfy vt. 使使满意满意satisfying a.主语是物主语是物satisfied a.主语是人主语是人be satisfied with对.满意I am satisfied with your score in the exam.satisfaction n.To ones satisfaction 使某人满意的是*8.equip vt. & vi.装备；配备；使有准备；装备；配备；使有准备；使有资格使有资格 equip sb./sth. with sth. 用用装备装备The rooms are equipped with video cameras.We should equ

6、ip us with knowledge right now.equipment n. 装备，设备装备，设备(不可数不可数名词名词)*9.occupation n.工作；职业；占领工作；职业；占领occupy vt. 占用占用1.占用，占有（房屋、土地等）The building occupied his land.2.（军事）占领（国家、阵地等）The enermy occupied all the land.3.占据，充满（时间、空间、某人的头脑等）这与take up 相似Work will occupy your mid and rid you of him.4.occupy onese

7、lf in doing sth/with sth 忙着做某事，忙于某事He occupied himself in doing homework.be occupied in doing sthHe is occupied in doing homework.5.担任某职，居某地位Mr. Oliver occupies an important position in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.奥利佛先生在外交部充任要职*10.regret vt.遗憾；惋惜n. 遗憾；懊悔to ones regret 让某人感到遗憾的是To his regret, he

8、hasnt finished the work on time.regret doing/having done sth. 后悔做了某事He regreted leaving without saying goodbye.=He regredted having left without saying goodbye.regret to do sth. (常和tell， say， inform等词连用)对将要做某事表示遗憾We regret to tell you no trains will run today.regret that +从句 遗憾 He regreted that he d

9、idnt win her heart.*11.focus sth. on sth. 集中于Focus your attetion/mind/efforts on sth.She tries to focus her mind on study.focused a.集中注意力的 Stay focused if you wanna win the competition.*12.reduce vt.缩减，减少，降低缩减，减少，降低 reduce sth.to. 减少到减少到She reduced her weight to 50 kilos. reduce sth.by. 减少了减少了She re

10、duced her weight by 6 kilos.reduction n.缩小；减少缩小；减少*13.keep free from/of 使免受（影响，伤害等）A balanced diet keeps you free of/ from illnesses.平衡的饮食让你远离疾病。keep . from doing使（某人）不做某事I hope you will keep from doing anything rash. 我希望你不要做出任何鲁莽的事情来。keep sb doing 让某人一直做某事He kept me doing homework.*A poemFarmers we

11、eding at noon,Sweat down the field soon.Who knows food on a tray,Due to their toiling day.Warming up*1.Have you ever grown any plants? If so, what did you do to grow them?If not, what kind of plant would you like to grow?How will you grow it?* What do you know about “farming”?wheat sorghumrice corn

12、Potatoes Staple food *select the seeds plough the soil turn over the soil sow the seeds remove the weeds fertilize farming steps*plow the field*grow some young plants*insert the young plants into the field*harvest*rice*Pre-reading ( 4ms )Answer the following questions:What is the main food in all Ea

13、st Asian and Southeast Asian countries?Rice. It is said that there are 2.4 billion people to eat rice every day throughout the world. *1.When and who did become the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output?2. What did Yuan Longping invent?In 1973,Yuan LongpingHybri

14、d riceTask 1 Skimming* 袁隆平被誉为中国的袁隆平被誉为中国的“杂交水稻杂交水稻之父之父”. 中国农民中国农民说，吃饭靠说，吃饭靠“两平两平”，一靠邓小平，一靠邓小平-制定了制定了生产承包生产承包责任制责任制的政策，二靠袁隆平的政策，二靠袁隆平-发明了杂交稻。发明了杂交稻。 袁隆平，男，年月出生于北京，袁隆平，男，年月出生于北京，年毕业于西南农年毕业于西南农学院学院农学系。毕业后，一直从事农学系。毕业后，一直从事农业教育及杂交水稻研究。农业教育及杂交水稻研究。 在中国人民在中国人民正闹饥荒正闹饥荒的的20世纪世纪60年代，袁隆平提年代，袁隆平提出了杂交水稻的概念，这种新型水

15、稻具有高产量的特出了杂交水稻的概念，这种新型水稻具有高产量的特点。点。10年后，他研制成功了一种年后，他研制成功了一种产量产量比一般水稻高出比一般水稻高出20%的新型水稻。的新型水稻。袁隆平一生献身于农业研究，先后受到袁隆平一生献身于农业研究，先后受到联合国教联合国教科文组织科文组织、粮农组织粮农组织的称誉。袁隆平虽已年届岁，的称誉。袁隆平虽已年届岁，仍然一如既往地从事农业研究。仍然一如既往地从事农业研究。袁隆平人物简历袁隆平人物简历*Task 2 ScanningFind out the main idea of each paragraph.*A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPL

16、E Match the following headings with the right paragraphs.*Para. 1 Dr Yuans appearance and his achievementTask 3 Careful readingQ1: What does Dr Yuan look like?He has a sunburnt face and arms and a slim, strong body. He is more like a farmer than a scientist.Q2: What is his achievement?He grows what

17、is called super hybrid rice, which makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.True or False: 1.Dr Yuan is more a farmer than a scientist.2.Dr Yuans rice is the most suitable for Chinas farmland.FT*Para 2His biographyBorn in Beijing Southwest Agriculture College Hunger

18、 was a great problem Saw the great need for increasing the rice output 200 million tons produced Circulating his knowledge*a. He was born into a poor farmers family . b. He graduated from Southwest Agriculture college. c. In 1950,Chinese farmers produced 5.5 billion tons of rice. d. 20 billon tons o

19、f rice was produced by growing his hybrid rice. e. He searched for a way to increase rice outputs without expanding the area of fields. f. He helps rid the world of hunger by circulating his knowledge in less developed countries.Proper order: acbedfPut Dr Yuans biography in right order. Dr Yuans bio

20、graphy*Which of the following description about Dr Yuans personality is not true? He is satisfied with his life because he is now rich and famous.B. He cares little about money and fame.C. He would rather work than lead a comfortable life.D. He enjoys a simpler life than most rich and famous people.

21、Para. 3 Dr Yuans personality*Para41) The first dream2) The second dream*Produce a kind of rice that could feed more people As huge as a peanutThe first dream As tall as sorghum As big as a corn *To export his rice so that it can be grown all over the world*Revision.(personal information) Name: Natio

22、nality: Born: Occupation: Education: Dream: Achievements: Hobbies:*Personal information (Resume) Name: Nationality: Birth: Age: Occupation: Education: Personality: Dreams:Yuan LongpingChinese in 1930; in a poor family84Scientist of farmingSouthwest Agriculture College,in 1953 His first dream His sec

23、ond dreamcare little about money and fame*Personal informationAchievements:Hobbies:grow rice that has a high outputcirculate his knowledge abroadgive money to equip others for their research playing his violinlistening to violin musicplaying mah-jongswimmingriding his motorcycle to his rice fields*T

24、 or F 1 Dr Yuan is more a farmer than a scientist. 2 Dr Yuans rice is one of the most suitable ways for Chinas farmland. 3 Dr Yuan would rather work than relax. 4 Dr Yuan has dreams when he is asleep and also when he is awake. 5 Dr Yuan enjoys a simpler life than most rich and famous people.*Grammar

25、* 主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式doingdoingbeing donebeing done完成式完成式having donehaving donehaving been having been donedone*作主语作主语1 1作主语作主语. 动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。1) 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的._ is something we should never do2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。学习新单词对我来说非常重要。 _ is very

26、important for me3)说比做容易。说比做容易。_ is easier than doing.Playing tricks on othersLearning new wordsTalking*用形式主语用形式主语it，把真正的主语，把真正的主语动名词结构移置句尾。动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如形容词或少数名词，如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，worth等。等。如：如：1) Its worth making the effort 这事值得去做。这事值

27、得去做。 2) 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。_ with Shylock3)想再解释一次有好处吗想再解释一次有好处吗?_4)跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。_作主语作主语It is useless trying to argueIs it any good trying to explain?It is pleasant working with you*在在there be结构中作主语，这种结构的意思结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于相当于“It is impossible to do ” 如：如：1) There is no hiding

28、 of evil but not to do it 若要人不知，除非己莫为。若要人不知，除非己莫为。2)这种事开不得玩笑。这种事开不得玩笑。 Here is _ about such matter.3)无法知道他什么时候离开。无法知道他什么时候离开。 There was _ when he would leave. 作主语作主语no jokingno knowing*与与的区别：的区别： 动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作，不动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作，不定式则通常表示具体的动作。定式则通常表示具体的动作。如：如：1)还是个孩子的时侯，她就觉得探视病人是一种责还是个孩子的时侯，她就

29、觉得探视病人是一种责任，也是一种愉悦。任，也是一种愉悦。As a child，she felt that _ was a duty and a pleasure2)到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。_ in an American home will be a good experience for me. 作主语作主语visiting sick peopleTo be a guest*3) 一直不做就是作恶。一直不做就是作恶。_is doing ill4)他说：他说：“继续这样下去是无用的。继续这样下去是无用的。” He said，“To

30、 go on like this is no use”5)我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。Its an honor for me to be invited to the party在实际运用中，一般两者可以互换，差异不大，在实际运用中，一般两者可以互换，差异不大，但下列情况不能互换但下列情况不能互换Doing nothing作主语作主语*常用常用-ing-ing形式作主语的句型有：形式作主语的句型有： It +be +a waste of time doing 做做是浪费时间的是浪费时间的 It is/was no good/use doing 做做是没用处的是没用处

31、的 It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做做不值不值得得 It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做做是值得的是值得的 There is no doing 无法无法， 不允许不允许 There is no sense in doing 做做没有道理没有道理 There is/was no use doing 干干无意义无意义 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比没有比更糟的更糟的 There is/was no point doing 干干无意义无意义作主语作主语* 我们不知道要去哪

32、儿。我们不知道要去哪儿。There was no knowing where we would go. 做这件傻事毫无意义。做这件傻事毫无意义。 _注意：注意：There is no need to do sth 干干没必要，在此句式中没必要，在此句式中to do 不可换为不可换为doing. 没有必要告诉她。没有必要告诉她。_而在而在Its important / Its necessary / Its advisable / Its essential / Its fitting 这类句型中，只能用不定式，这类句型中，只能用不定式，如：如： Its important to learn f

33、oreign languages. Its quite necessary to read it many times.There is no point doing such a silly thing. There is no need to tell her.作主语作主语*提示：当动名词用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词提示：当动名词用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。性物主代词和名词所有格构成。 1) 我姐姐病了，使我很担心。我姐姐病了，使我很担心。 My sisters being ill made we worried. 2) 你正确未必就意味着我错了。你正确未必

34、就意味着我错了。 Your being right doesnt necessarily mean _. my being wrong作主语作主语*动名词作宾语有两种情况。一是有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接不定式作宾语。只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，cannot help，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand等。等。如：如：1)我不能不去。我不能不去。I

35、cant avoid going2)你是否考虑过找一位挚友你是否考虑过找一位挚友? Have you considered _ one special friend? 用作宾语用作宾语looking for*3)我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。 We must try to _ the same mistake4)晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?Do you _ with me after supper? 5)人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。People _ foolish man 这类动词还有：这类动词还有：excuse，

36、fancy，give up，put off，risk等。等。用作宾语用作宾语avoid repeatingfeel like having a walkcouldnt help laughing at that*既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，by，mean，forget，remember，hate等。等。A在在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不或不定式意义上没有什么不

37、同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。动作。B在在begin/start，continue之后，用动名词和不定之后，用动名词和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。C在动词在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，如：不定式表示后于谓语动作，如：用作宾语用作宾语*I remember posting the le

38、tter我记得我已把信寄了。我记得我已把信寄了。2) Ill remember to post the letter我会记着去寄信的。我会记着去寄信的。3) I shall never forget seeing the famous writer_4)Dont forget to write to your mother_ 5) 5) 我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。 用作宾语用作宾语我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。 不要忘了给你母亲写信。不要忘了给你母亲写信。I regret missing the report*D在在try，mea

39、n之后，意义各不相同，如之后，意义各不相同，如try to do (设设法法)，try doing (试试试试)，mean to do (打算，有意要打算，有意要做做)，mean doing (意思是，意味着意思是，意味着)。如：如： 1)我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。 We must try to get everything done in time2)我们用别的方法做这工作试试。我们用别的方法做这工作试试。Lets try doing the working in some other way3) I didnt mean to make you angry_4

40、) Your plan would mean spending hours_用作宾语用作宾语我并不想叫你生气。我并不想叫你生气。你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。 *E go on doing 和和go on to dogo on doing继续做一直在做的事；继续做一直在做的事；go on to do接着做另一件事。接着做另一件事。如：如：1) 请接着做这同一个练习。请接着做这同一个练习。 _ the same exercise2) 请做另外一个练习。请做另外一个练习。 _ the other exerciseFstop doing与与stop to do: Sto

41、p doing停止做，停止做，stop to do停下停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如正在干的事去干另一件事。如： 我们停止了交谈。我们停止了交谈。_ 我们停了下来去谈话。我们停了下来去谈话。_用作宾语用作宾语Please go on doingPlease go on to doWe stopped talkingWe stopped to talk*3 3作介词宾语作介词宾语. . 动名词可与介词一起构成介词短动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。语。A介词介词+动名词，如：动名词，如：1) 我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。Weve got to think of wa

42、ys of changing peoples habits. 2)我向你道歉，刚才对你那样生气。我向你道歉，刚才对你那样生气。I apologize _ so angry with you.3)离开几年之后再回到你生长的地方，感觉有点怪。离开几年之后再回到你生长的地方，感觉有点怪。 _ away for several years，it is a strange experience to return to the place you were born and brought up用作宾语用作宾语for beingAfter being* B动词动词+介词介词+动名词，如：动名词，如：1)

43、我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。 I insist on taking proper food fort his expedition2)同学们脸上没有笑容，相反都做了怪脸。同学们脸上没有笑容，相反都做了怪脸。_，each of them made a face她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。 She was very _ for our company下列短语中的下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式：形式：devote to，object to，pay attention to，get dow

44、n to，lead to, look forward to，stick to，be used to等等 用作宾语用作宾语Instead of smilinginterested in working*1. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.( 2004全国全国 ) A. Having suffered B.Suffering C. That D. Suffered精析：精析：根据句意根据句意“it may now be too late “it may now be too

45、late to ” to ” 和和 “already” “already”可知可知“河流已经河流已经被严重污染被严重污染”，应用完成时。答案，应用完成时。答案A A。高考链接*2. _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. ( 全国全国2002)A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given解析：解析：本题考查过去分词作状语的用法。分本题考查过去分词作状语的用法。分析题干，前一部分相当于一个条件状语从析题干，前一部

46、分相当于一个条件状语从句，即句，即If he is given ，因为主句是，因为主句是 it，从句应含被动意义，这恰是过去分词作状从句应含被动意义，这恰是过去分词作状语的基本含义即含被动意义。答案语的基本含义即含被动意义。答案 A。*3. - The picture _ on the wall is painted by my niece.( 2001上海上海)having hung B. hangingC. hangs D. being hung解析：解析：本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。分析题本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。分析题目可知，谓语是目可知，谓语是is painted，那么选项部分

47、应是，那么选项部分应是充当定语的。充当定语的。A项是现在分词的完成式，其一般项是现在分词的完成式，其一般不作定语，只作时间或原因状语；不作定语，只作时间或原因状语；C项动词项动词“第第三人称单数三人称单数”显然也不能作定语，只作谓语；分显然也不能作定语，只作谓语；分析析 the picture与动作与动作 hang之间的关系，其不含之间的关系，其不含被动意义，被动意义，D项排除；项排除； B项是现在分词的一般式，项是现在分词的一般式，相当于定语从句相当于定语从句which is hanging。答案。答案B。 *3. - The picture _ on the wall is painted

48、 by my niece.( 2001上海上海)having hung B. hangingC. hangs D. being hung解析：解析：本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。分析题本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。分析题目可知，谓语是目可知，谓语是is painted，那么选项部分应是，那么选项部分应是充当定语的。充当定语的。A项是现在分词的完成式，其一般项是现在分词的完成式，其一般不作定语，只作时间或原因状语；不作定语，只作时间或原因状语；C项动词项动词“第第三人称单数三人称单数”显然也不能作定语，只作谓语；分显然也不能作定语，只作谓语；分析析 the picture与动作与动作 hang之间的关系，其不含之间的关系，其不含被动意义，被动意义，D项排除；项排除； B项是现在分词的一般式，项是现在分词的一般式，相当于定语从句相当于定语从句which is hanging。答案。答案B。 *