2021年南京师范大学研究生入学考试初试（考研）试题240英语（二外）A试卷.pdf

1、 科目代码： 240 科目名称： 英语（二外） 第 1 页 共 5 页 南京师范大学南京师范大学 20212021 年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（ A 卷）卷） 科目代码： 240 科目名称： 英语（二外） 满分： 100 分 考生注意：认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；所有答案必须写在考生注意：认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；所有答案必须写在答题纸答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；均无效；本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！ Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) （

2、共共 15 题，每题题，每题 2 分）分） Directions: There are three passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or incomplete statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

3、 Passage One Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that 40 percent of

4、cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon (结肠). Different cultures are more prone to get certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that n

5、itrates and nitrites (亚硝酸盐), commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives, caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The

6、additives that we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and poultry (家禽), and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are

7、simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue. 1. How has science done a disservice to mankind? A. As a result of scientific intervention, s

8、ome potentially harmful substances have been added to our food. B. It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food. C. Because of science, most of the foods we eat today are contaminated. D. The scientists have preserved the color of meats, but not of vegetables. 2. What are nitrate

9、s used for? A. They preserve flavor in packaged foods. B. They preserve the color of meats. C. They are the objects of research. D. They cause the animals to become fatter. 3. The FDA has tried repeatedly to control _. A. the attempt to fatten the animals 科目代码： 240 科目名称： 英语（二外） 第 2 页 共 5 页 B. the at

10、tempt to cure sick animals C. the using of drugs to animals D. the using of additives to preserve the color of food 4. The word “carcinogenic” means most nearly the same as _. A. trouble-making B. color-retaining C. money-saving D. cancer-causing 5. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A.

11、Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons. B. Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals. C. Researchers have known about the potential hazards of the food additives for over thirty-five years. D. Food may cause forty percent o

12、f cancer in the world. Passage Two Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage. All that we really need to plot out the future of our universe are a few good measurements. This does not mean that we can sit down today and outline the future course of the universe with anything like certaint

13、y. There are still too many things we do not know about the way the universe is put together. But we do know exactly what information we need to fill in our knowledge, and we have a pretty good idea of how to go about getting it. Perhaps the best way to think of our present situation is to imagine a

14、 train coming into a switchyard. All of the switches are set before the train arrives, so that its path is completely determined. Some switches we can see, others we cannot. There is no ambiguity if we can see the setting of a switch; we can say with confidence that some possible futures will not ma

15、terialize and others will. At the unseen switches, however, there is no such certainty. We know the train will take one of the tracks leading out, but we have no idea which one. The unseen switches are the true decision points in the future, and what happens when we arrive at them determines the ent

16、ire subsequent course of events. When we think about the future of the universe, we can see our “track” many billions of years into the future, but after that there are decision points to be dealt with and possible fates to consider. The goal of science is to reduce the ambiguity at the decision poi

17、nts and find the true road that will be followed. 6. According to the passage, it is difficult to be certain about the distant future of the universe because we _. A. have too many conflicting theories B. do not have enough funding to continue our research C. are not sure how the universe is put tog

18、ether D. have focused our investigations on the moon and planets 7. What does the author see as the function of the universes unseen “switches”? A. They tell us which one of the tracks the universe will use. B. They enable us to alter the course of the universe. C. They give us information about the

19、 lunar surface. D. They determine which course the universe will take in the future. 科目代码： 240 科目名称： 英语（二外） 第 3 页 共 5 页 8. In the second paragraph, the word “track” could best be replaced by which of the following? A. Band B. Rails C. Path D. Sequence 9. For whom is the author probably writing this

20、passage? A. Train engineers. B. Young children. C. Professors of statistics. D. General audiences. 10. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the passage? A. A statement illustrated by an analogy. B. A hypothesis supported by documentation. C. A comparison of two contra

21、sting theories. D. A critical analysis of a common assumption. Passage Three Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage. One of the great intellectual conflicts of the early part of the 21st century concerns the role of man here on planet Earth. Some, like the followers of Stanford Univer

22、sity biologist Paul Ehrlich - author of The Population Bomb - hold that mankinds role boils down to that of exploiter of the Earths resources and despoiler of its natural beauty. This view, widely accepted in western political, cultural, and academic circles, is most commonly expressed by the so-cal

23、led environmental movement in proposals that are antitechnology and antiprogress. It is an antihuman, antihumanist view, one that decries human achievement rather than celebrating it. And those who believe this way are once again calling on people to turn off their lights in observance of Earth Hour

24、 on March 26th. Its a once a year event, one the so-called environmental community regards as a symbolic act urging businesses, individuals and lawmakers to take action in support of efforts to combat global warming, climate change. The proponents of Earth Hour, the Competitive Enterprise Institute

25、says, want laws and sanctions to prevent individuals from freely using earths resources. But, because the folks at CEI believe human progress and technological innovation have made life better, they are encouraging everyone to mark March 26th as Human Achievement Hour. The result of the environmenta

26、l movement is a limitation on our ability to create the future wave of technologies and a hindrance on our ability to produce the current products that benefit our everyday lives. You can sit in the dark and join them or you can join people around the world who plan to leave their lights on, affirmi

27、ng their appreciation for human inventions, CEI says, asking people to - through their action - cast a vote against environmental alarmism and in favor of human achievement. They have a point. The Luddite, backwards thinking that portrays technology as evil has firmly taken root in western culture.

28、In doing so, it ignores the ways in which it has led to an improvement in global living standards. To simply say the technology is bad, which is the implicit premise behind such crusades as the one to combat so-called global warming - 科目代码： 240 科目名称： 英语（二外） 第 4 页 共 5 页 remember it was former Vice Pr

29、esident Al Gore who called the development of the internal combustion engine the worst thing to ever happen to mankind - is to doom all of mankind to an eventual return to the state of nature where, as Thomas Hobbes wrote, all life is nasty, brutish and short. 11. According to the passage, Stanford

30、University biologists opinion _. A. is supported by the Competitive Enterprise Institute B. concerns human beings positive effects on environment C. arouses strong controversy in political, cultural and academic fields D. condemns what the technology and progress have brought to us 12. The word decr

31、ies(Line1, Paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to _. A. appreciates B. condemns C. embraces D. grieves 13. For CEI members, Earth Hour refers to _. A. limitation of humans capacity B. condemnation of human despoliation C. combatant of global warming D. commemoration of human achievement 14. Which of

32、the following is in agreement with CEIs attitude? A. What Al Gore said was in favor of human achievement. B. Paul Ehrlichs view will bring obstacles for our further development. C. Inventions and technology have destroyed our living standards. D. People leaving lights on are on the side of environme

33、ntal movement. 15. What can be inferred from the passage? A. The backwards thinking has been widely accepted in western countries. B. A1 Core and Thomas Hobbes held the same view on human progress. C. Turning lights off has great positive effects on climate change. D. CEI has launched a campaign on

34、leaving lights on March 26th. Part II Cloze (10%) （共共 10 题，每题题，每题 1 分）分） Directions: In this part, you will read a passage with 10 blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best that fits into the passage, and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

35、Other experiments have shown 16 the brain needs time to “digest” 17 has been learned. The time necessary 18 this is 5 to 10 minutes. After a break of this time the memory will have 19 what has just been learnt, and more will be remembered. During this break, 20 is important to exercise the right sid

36、e of the brain, 21 the left side is used during a learning period. 22 you should relax in some way. 23 music, breathing in fresh air, and 24 at a picture, are all ways of using 25 side of the brain. 16. A. that B. what C. which D. it 17. A. that B. how C. what D. which 18. A. in B. for C. about D. t

37、o 19. A. attracted B. added C. brought D. absorbed 20. A. this B. it C. that D. such 科目代码： 240 科目名称： 英语（二外） 第 5 页 共 5 页 21. A. because of B. due to C. because D. just as 22. A. So that B. Now that C. However D. Therefore 23. A. Hearing B. Attending C. Absorbing D. Listening to 24. A. looking B. look

38、 C. to look D. looked 25. A. other B. the other C. another D. others Part III Translation (20%) Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese, and write your answer on the Answer Sheet. The development of modern science and technology is mainly due to the introduction of modern Western

39、scientific and technological knowledge, which has led to the transformation and development of some traditional science and technology. Some outstanding scientific and technological talents have created many scientific and technological achievements in a difficult environment, but due to the lack of

40、 the necessary material and technological foundation In particular, especially the constraints of the social environment, the development of modern science and technology in China was ever very limited. After the founding of New China, thanks to the importance attached by the party and the governmen

41、t to the development of modern science and technology and correct decision-making, modern science and technology have developed rapidly and have reached world advanced levels in certain fields. Part IV Writing (40%) Directions: Write an essay of about 200 words to state your opinion. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet. Computers have become so advanced and interactive that students in the future will have no need for a human educator in the classroom. Do you agree? Why or why not? Use reasons and specific examples to explain your answer.