英语必修1人教新课标Unit2同步课件：语法(28张).ppt

1、S: My name is Sally.T: She said that her name was Sally.S: I want to be teachers when I grow up.T: She said that she wanted to be teachers when she grew up.Direct speechIndirect speech直接引语：直接引述别人的原话直接引语：直接引述别人的原话 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话1) He said , “Im going to Beijing.” He said that he was

2、 going to Beijing.2) He asked, “Are you a doctor?” He asked me if /whether I was a doctor.3) She said , “What are you doing?” She asked me what I was doing.转述他人的转述他人的陈述陈述陈述句陈述句 的转化的转化 转述他人的转述他人的疑问疑问一般疑问句一般疑问句 的转化的转化转述他人的转述他人的问题问题特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 的转化的转化Jane said to her friend, “I want to watch TV. ”Jane to

3、ld her friends (that) she wanted to watch TV .1.陈述句从直接引语到间接引语的解题步骤：陈述句从直接引语到间接引语的解题步骤：Jane told her friends (that) she wanted to watch TV.1.said to变成变成told2. 用用that引导间接引语，可省略引导间接引语，可省略3.注意人称代词和时态的变化注意人称代词和时态的变化 1.1.陈述句陈述句2.2.一般疑问句一般疑问句 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with English?” He asked (me

4、) whether/if I had any difficulty with my English. They asked himif/whetherIt is easy to improve the condition of the soil.it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.They asked him if /whether it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.2.一般疑问句从直接引语到间接引语的解题步骤：一般疑问句从直接引语到间接引语的解题步骤：They sai

5、d to him, Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?3：间接引语改成：间接引语改成陈述句语序陈述句语序1：主句改为：主句改为asked2：用：用if/whether引导引导间接引语，表示间接引语，表示“是是否否”4：注意时态问题：注意时态问题 Tom asked me, “Are you going to learn English?”Tom asked whether/if I was going to learn English.3.3.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 He said to me，“Whats your name?” H

6、e asked me what my name was. 特殊疑问句：“When do you harvest the wheat ?” they asked him.( They asked him )They asked himWhenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.harvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.2. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me.The teacher asked me why I was l

7、ate again.1Tom asked me, “ Who is your brother?” Tom asked me who my brother is. 4.4.选择疑问句选择疑问句 He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. 5.5.祈使句祈使句 直接引语是

8、祈使句时，用直接引语是祈使句时，用ask / tell / ask / tell / order sb. ( not ) to do sth. order sb. ( not ) to do sth. 句式。句式。“Please come with me, Tom,Please come with me, Tom,” said the said the teacher. teacher. -The teacher-The teacher asked Tom toasked Tom to go with him.go with him.“DonDont run so quickly,t run

9、so quickly,” Mr. Black said to Mr. Black said to him. him. - Mr. Black- Mr. Black told him not totold him not to run so run so quickly.quickly.直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语（陈述句一般疑问句（陈述句一般疑问句特殊疑问句）特殊疑问句）四部走：四部走：做判断做判断变人称变人称(和中文里的逻辑是一样的，要符合和中文里的逻辑是一样的，要符合常理常理)变时态变时态变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方位变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方位性动词性动词特特殊殊变时态

10、变时态直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时The boy said that he liked the teacher.The boy said, “ I like the teacher.”现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时He said,“ I am watching TV.”He said that he was watching TV.现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时Tom said,“ I have drunk the milk.”Tom said that he had drunk the milk.变时态变时态直接引语直接引语间接

11、引语间接引语一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时They said that they had seen her in the street. They said, “We saw her in the street.”过去完成时过去完成时不变不变He said,“ I had finished my work before lunch.”He said that he had finished his work before lunch.一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时Tom said,“ I ll do ittomorrow.”Tom said that he would do

12、 it tomorrow.The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1. 1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变时态不变The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”She says that shell never forget the days i

13、n the country.2. 如果直接引语所强调的动作或者状态现在仍如果直接引语所强调的动作或者状态现在仍然存在，时态可不变然存在，时态可不变Miss Zhang said, “I am a teacher.”Miss Zhang said she is a teacher.3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。时态不变。She says, “Ill never forget the days in the country.” 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词 时时 间间 状状 语语 地点状语地点状语 方向性动词方向

14、性动词 this, that, these those now, then, today that day this week that week yesterday the day before last week the week before four days ago four days before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next daynext month the next month here there come, go,bring take 直接引语中的助动词直接引语中的助动词 间接引语中的

15、助动词间接引语中的助动词shallshallshouldshouldwillwillwouldwouldmaymaymightmightcancancouldcouldmustmustshouldshouldshouldshould（不变）（不变）wouldwouldwouldwould（不变）（不变）mightmightmightmight（不变）（不变）couldcouldcouldcould（不变）（不变）must/had tomust/had to直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语(二二)祈使句祈使句变间接引语的用法变间接引语的用法一一.1）直接引语如果是）直接引语如果是肯定肯定的祈

16、使句，变为间的祈使句，变为间接引语时，在动词不定式之前用接引语时，在动词不定式之前用tell(让让)，ask(请请)，order(命令命令)，command(命令命令)，warn(警告警告)，advise(建议建议)等含有祈使意义的动词。等含有祈使意义的动词。tell/ask/order/command sb.to do sth.“Hurry up.” he said.He told me to hurry up.2）若祈使句为）若祈使句为否定否定式，在动词不定式之前式，在动词不定式之前加加nottell/ask/order/command sb.not to do sth.He said t

17、o them，“Dont go out.”He ordered them not to go out.二有些表二有些表建议、要求或劝告建议、要求或劝告的祈使句变为的祈使句变为间接引语时，可用间接引语时，可用suggest，offer等动词等动词加以转述，此时注意这些词的固定搭配。加以转述，此时注意这些词的固定搭配。 He said，“Lets go to the school.”He suggested that we (should) go to the school.三直接引语是三直接引语是感叹句感叹句时，间接引语可以时，间接引语可以用用what/how引导，也可用引导，也可用that.S

18、he said，“What a lovely day it is！”She said what a lovely day it was.或：或：She said that it was a lovely day. 注意：注意：有些感叹句的转述要根据原句的有些感叹句的转述要根据原句的 意思采用适当的意思采用适当的动词动词变为陈述句。变为陈述句。“Happy New Year！” he said.He wished me a Happy New Year.【链接训练链接训练】“Dont give up the hope before you really try hard.” Sam said.变

19、间接引语为变间接引语为_Sam told me not to give up the hope before I really tried hard.【解析解析】祈使句变间接引语时常用祈使句变间接引语时常用ask/tell sb.(not) to do sth.，注意人称和时态的变化。，注意人称和时态的变化。“Will you come here next Sunday？” Sunny asked.变间接引语为变间接引语为 _ASunny told us to come here next Sunday.BSunny told us to go there next Sunday.CSunny

20、 asked if we would go there the next Sunday.DSunny asked us to come here the next Sunday.【解析解析】一般疑问句变为间引时用一般疑问句变为间引时用if或或whether前面用前面用ask，come变成变成go,时间状语加时间状语加the【答案答案】CWhat did the doctor say?He _ Jim to _ in bed for 2 days.Asaid；lie Badvised；layCadvised；lain Dtold；lie【解析解析】考查间接引语中动词的选用及搭配考查间接引语中动词

21、的选用及搭配。tell sb. to do sth.“告诉某人做某事告诉某人做某事”；say sb. to do sth.不搭配，所以排除不搭配，所以排除A项；项；advise后虽可接后虽可接sb. to do sth.，但是，但是B项和项和C项的项的lay和和lain都不是躺都不是躺“lie”的原形，所以都被排的原形，所以都被排除掉。除掉。【答案答案】D“Be careful with the dog，” said he. He _ me to be careful with the dog.Asaid Bwarned Cbegged Dhoped【解析解析】考查间接引语的动词选用。句意为考查间接引语的动词选用。句意为：他告诫我小心那条狗。：他告诫我小心那条狗。warn是是“告诫，警告，提告诫，警告，提醒醒”的意思；的意思；A项和项和D项搭配不对；项搭配不对；C项的项的beg是是“请求；恳求请求；恳求”的意思，所以也不对，排除掉。的意思，所以也不对，排除掉。【答案答案】B