中考英语阅读理解解题技巧课件.ppt

1、阅读理解解题技巧阅读理解解题技巧主讲人：陈坚潮主讲人：陈坚潮广东省陆丰市内湖中学广东省陆丰市内湖中学阅读理解阅读理解 是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。加工能力。 阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。和理解力的正确率。 因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中

2、率。放矢，提高命中率。 广东广东2007年考题要求考生能读懂年考题要求考生能读懂书书报报杂志杂志中关于一般性的简短文段以中关于一般性的简短文段以及公告及公告说明说明广告等广告等,并能从中获取并能从中获取相关的信息。相关的信息。1 理解主旨和大意理解主旨和大意 2 理解文中细节的具体位置理解文中细节的具体位置3 根据上下文推断生词的词义根据上下文推断生词的词义4 作出判断和推理作出判断和推理5 理解文章的基本结构理解文章的基本结构6 理解作者的意图理解作者的意图观点和态度观点和态度主 旨 大 意 型主 旨 大 意 型事实细节型事实细节型 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型命命 题题 类类因此有关阅读理

3、解题目主要有以因此有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种下几种: :推推 理理 判判 断断 型型Step Two: How to Dealing with the Problems on Reading Comprehension一、主旨大意题一、主旨大意题 （做题要领）1.干扰项干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。2.干扰项干扰项 可能属从文中某些可能属从文中某些 (不完全的不完全的) 事事 实或细节片面推出的错误结论。实或细节片面推出的错误结论。3.干扰项干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案正确答案) 是根据文章意思全面理解而归

4、纳概括出是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Whats the main idea of this text?3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?5) The main idea of the passage is6)Whats the best title for this

5、passage?主旨大意题主旨大意题 的常见的提问形式的常见的提问形式:阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练Basic Training-主旨大意题主旨大意题Passage 1 “Mary, your bedroom is a mess(脏乱脏乱). Come and clean it up right now.” her mum said. Mary wanted to go outside and play. “Ill clean it up later, Mum.” “Oh no , you wont. Ive been asking you for days,” her mum said

6、. Mary went into her bedroom. She put away all of her clothes and put all the rubbish into a plastic bag .Mum, Im going outside to Play now .” She ran into the back garden .this was her favorite place to be .A small butterfly flew over and landed on Marys hand .”Youre a pretty little butterfly ,”May

7、 said ,”Does your mum make you keep your bedroom clean?” “What if I left my rubbish all didnt keep the garden clean and tidy ?Would you have a nice Place to sit among the flowers ?”said the butterfly . “Id not be happy if I came out to see rubbish here and there ,”Mary said . “Everybody has to do th

8、eir part and keep their rooms or their flower gardens clean ,”the butterfly said and then flew away . Mary hurried into the house and said to her mother ,”Ill keep my room clean from now on ,Mum .Ive got to do my part .”And she did just that .练习题练习题细节题细节题解释Question: What is the main idea of the stor

9、y ? （主旨大意题）（主旨大意题） A. A butterfly is kids best friend B. Everyone should keep their rooms clean C. Everybody has to do their part D. A butterfly is a better teacher than a mother 文章文章解释 【解析】答案为C；由文中的 “Everybody has to do their part and keep their rooms or their flower gardens clean ,”the butterfly s

10、aid and then flew away .得出答案。 寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。文章 文章中心是文章中心是论点论点，事实细节是，事实细节是论论据据或或主要理由主要理由；有关细节的问题常对；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接直接或或间接间接在文章中找到答案。在文章中找到答案。 提问的特殊疑问词常有：提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how,

11、why 等。等。事事实实细细节节型型 解题原则解题原则：忠实于原文上下文忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。1）Which of the following statement is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3)According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what

12、, which, etc.)_? 在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练Basic Training-事实细节型事实细节型文章Which is the correct order for the following to takeplace in the story ? （细节题）（细节题）A、 Mary played in the back garden B、 Mary promised to keep her room clean C、 Mum asked Mary

13、 to clean up her room D、 A butterfly flew over and talker with Mary E、 Mary cleaned up her room A. a, c, d, b, e B. c, a, d, b, e C. c, e, a, d, b D. a, d, b, c, e练习题第三节Passage 1 “Mary, your bedroom is a mess(脏乱脏乱). Come and clean it up right now.” her mum said. Mary wanted to go outside and play. “

14、Ill clean it up later, Mum.” “Oh no , you wont. Ive been asking you for days,” her mum said . Mary went into her bedroom. She put away all of her clothes and put all the rubbish into a plastic bag .Mum, Im going outside to Play now .” She ran into the back garden .this was her favorite place to be .

15、A small butterfly flew over and landed on Marys hand .”Youre a pretty little butterfly ,”May said ,”Does your mum make you keep your bedroom clean?” “What if I left my rubbish all didnt keep the garden clean and tidy ?Would you have a nice Place to sit among the flowers ?”said the butterfly . “Id no

16、t be happy if I came out to see rubbish here and there ,”Mary said . “Everybody has to do their part and keep their rooms or their flower gardens clean ,”the butterfly said and then flew away . Mary hurried into the house and said to her mother ,”Ill keep my room clean from now on ,Mum .Ive got to d

17、o my part .”And she did just that . 同义法同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。近的或递进的，由此可以推测。 反义法反义法 如如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。 释义法释义法 对文章中的生词用定语对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号

18、、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。词词义义猜猜测测型型 情景推断法、代词替代法情景推断法、代词替代法等等1 1）文中找线索或信息词）文中找线索或信息词; ;2) 2) 根据熟悉的词及词义根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；判断新单词之意； 3 3）根据上下文判断新词）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。汇在特定句中确切意思。做题要领做题要领阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练Basic Training-词义猜测型词义猜测型Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word

19、 “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the city and countryside, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewi- ves and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, se

20、lf-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(应得的，值得应得的，值得的的). 解 释第四节解 释 这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中 的大多数妇女，的大多数妇女，受过教育的受过教育的educated educated 和没有受过教育的和没有受过教育的illiterate illiterate ；住在城市的住在城市的 city city 和住在农村的和住在农村的countryside countryside ；年轻的年轻的young young 和年长的和年长的old old 正好是一对对反义词。正好

21、是一对对反义词。因此选因此选 C C 项。项。本题答案选本题答案选C CA. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.B. Like her younger sister who is gregarious, Alice also likes to make friends. A. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中的 looks after sheep 就解释了 herdsman的词义为“牧人”。

22、B. Like her younger sister who is gregarious, Alice also likes to make friends. 句首的 like（像）这个语境线索说明：句中的gregarious与 likes to make friends意义相近。 推理判断题推理判断题：着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。 以原文内容以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。推推理理判判断断型型 透过现象看本质透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。推理判断题推理判断题（做题

23、要领） 既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。推理判断型推理判断型常见的命题方式有：常见的命题方式有：1. The passage implies (暗示暗示) that_.2. We can conclude (得出结论得出结论) from the passage that_.3. Which of the following can be inferred (推论推论)?4. What is the purpose (目的目的) of this passage?5. T

24、he passage is intended to _.6. We can learn from this passage that_7. We can conclude from the passage that_8. It can be seen from the passage that_阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练Basic Training-推理判断型推理判断型练习题解释解释P5Passage 1 “Mary, your bedroom is a mess(脏乱脏乱). Come and clean it up right now.” her mum said. Mary wan

25、ted to go outside and play. “Ill clean it up later, Mum.” “Oh no , you wont. Ive been asking you for days,” her mum said . Mary went into her bedroom. She put away all of her clothes and put all the rubbish into a plastic bag .Mum, Im going outside to Play now .” She ran into the back garden .this w

26、as her favorite place to be .A small butterfly flew over and landed on Marys hand .”Youre a pretty little butterfly ,”May said ,”Does your mum make you keep your bedroom clean?” “What if I left my rubbish all didnt keep the garden clean and tidy ?Would you have a nice Place to sit among the flowers

27、?”said the butterfly . “Id not be happy if I came out to see rubbish here and there ,”Mary said . “Everybody has to do their part and keep their rooms or their flower gardens clean ,”the butterfly said and then flew away . Mary hurried into the house and said to her mother ,”Ill keep my room clean f

28、rom now on ,Mum .Ive got to do my part .”And she did just that .Q: It can be inferred (推测推测) from the story that （推理判断题）（推理判断题）A. Mum asked the butterfly to teach Mary B. the butterfly always Picked up the rubbish left by Mary C. Marys back garden was clean and tidy D. Mary played with the butterfly every day 文章Your Advice is welcomeSuccesss ahead!