Great-scientists课件.ppt

1、Unit 1 Great scientistsLearning Goals:Learning Goals: What will we learn in Unit 1?What will we learn in Unit 1?Warming upWhat impress you most in 2003?Which person impress you most during the SARS?Zhong Nanshan (钟南山钟南山)Lets have a competition!Do you know other scientists?The following is a quiz and

2、 lets find out who knows the most.1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?B. ArchimedesC. Thomas EdisonA. Charles Darwin (287-212 BC) an ancient Greek mathematician & physicist2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as

3、 the environment changed?A. Marie CurieC. Charles DarwinB. Gregor MendelCharles Darwin (1808-1882) British author of The Origin of Species 3.Who invent the first steam engine?A. Thomas NewcomenC. Thomas EdisonB. Archimedes(1663-1729) British, improved the first steam pump and turned it into a steam

4、engine for taking water out of mines in 1712.4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children.A. Thomas EdisonC. ArchimedesB. Gregor MendelCzech (1822-1884)5. Who discovered radium?A. Marie CurieC. NewtonB. Zhang Heng(1867-1934) (Polish and French, won

5、two Nobel Prizes)6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?A. Stephen Hawking C. Thomas EdisonB. Archimedes(1847-1931) an American inventorThomas EdisonThe Inventions of Thomas Edison Phonograph 留声机留声机LightbulbMotion Pictures7.Who was the painter that studied dead bod

6、ies to improve his painting of people?A. Gregor MendelC. Marie CurieB. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Italian artist8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?A. Sir Humphry Davy C. FaradayB. Thomas Newcomen (1778-1829) British9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where e

7、arthquakes happened?A. Charles DarwinC. Watt B. Zhang Heng(78-139) Chinese, invented seismograph10.Who put forward a theory about black holes?A. Stephen HawkingC. CopernicusB. Archimedes(1942-) a British astronomerJohn Snow British ( 1813 1858) a legendary(传奇的传奇的) figure in the history of public hea

8、lth, epidemiology（流行病（流行病学）学） and anesthesiology（麻醉（麻醉学）学） What is Cholera? Cholera is the illness caused by a bacterium called Vibria cholerae. It infects peoples intestines(肠肠), causing diarrhea(腹腹泻泻), vomiting and leg cramps. Do you know how to prove a new ideain scientific research?seven stagesM

9、ake a conclusion Think of a method Collect results Make up a questionFind a problem Analyse the results Repeat if necessaryJohn Snow defeats “King cholera”Do you know what was this map used for in 1854?Finding out the cause of Cholera. What happened in 1854? How many people died in 10 days? Why is t

10、here no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street?Task 1:Skim and Scan1. What happened in 1854?2. How many people died in 10 days?Cholera outbreak hit London.5003. Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street?Thes

11、e families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.Task 2detailed readingRead and answer:Paragraph 1:1 Why couldnt the cholera be under control at first? Neither its cause, not its cure was understood. True or false:1. John Snow was glad to help ordinary people. 2. John Snow thought chole

12、ra would never be controlled.TFParagraph 2学学.科科.网网 Whats the two theories? In your words. Which one is more reasonable?学学.科科.网网 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by _. A. gathering information with the help of a map B. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge

13、 Street C. separating those who suffered cholera from those who didnt D. both A and B E. both A and CParagraph 3&4Paragraph 3&4 Whats the result?He found the cause of cholera was the polluted water.Paragraph 5 When the cause was found, what did the people do？Remove the handle from the water pump so

14、it could not be used.Paragraph 6 What s the extra evidence?Two other deaths in another part of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.Paragraph 7 What are John Snows suggestions? The source of all water supplies should be examined. New methods of dealing with polluted water should be f

15、ound. The water companies were also instructed not to expose people to polluted water anymore.Whats the main idea of the passage?A. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.B. The cause of Cholera was polluted water.C. The source of all drinking water should be examined.D. How did John Snow colle

16、ct, analyze data and find the cause of the disease and solved it .Task 3Mind Map of the textJohn Snow Defeats “King Cholera”Paragraph 1: Introduction of John Snow and Cholera Paragraph 2: Two theory Find a Problem: What cause the cholera?Make up a question: Which is right?Paragraph 3-6: Study of the

17、 breakout in 1854 Paragraph 3: Study of the breakout in 1854 Think of a method: Test two theoryCollect the result: Mark the deathParagraph 4: Study of the breakout in 1854 Analyse the result: Reason for death and no deathParagraph 5: Study of the breakout in 1854 Paragraph 6: Study of the breakout i

18、n 1854 Repeat if necessary: Find more evidence.Draw a conclusion: Cholera was spread by germ Polluted water carried choleraAnalyse the result: Find the resource of the water Paragraph 7: Prevention of Cholera学学.科科.网网 John Snow defeat King CholeraRead the passage again and fill in the blanks:John Sno

19、w was a well-known _ in London in the _ century. He wanted to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it. In 1854 when a cholera _ out, he began to gather information. He _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the _ died. So he dec

20、ided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokemarkedpumpsourceexamineddealing (in 5 minutes)Homework Master new words & expressions学.科.网

21、导与练导与练 P4-P10GrammarGrammarpast participle used as the attribute & the predictive一、过去分词作定语一、过去分词作定语1 1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成被动和完成的意义。的意义。 eg：a lostlost animal a usedused stamp an injuredinjured finger a brokenbroken coin a lightedlighted candle一只迷路的动物一只迷路的动物一枚用过的邮票一枚用过的邮票一个受伤的手指一个受伤的手

22、指一枚破损的硬币一枚破损的硬币一支点燃的蜡烛一支点燃的蜡烛 注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。 e.g.：spokenspoken English 英语口语英语口语 writtenwritten exercises 书面练习书面练习少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义只有完成的意义fallenfallen leaves 落叶落叶 the risenrisen sun 升起来的太阳升起来的太阳a returnedreturned student 一名留学生一名留学生 a retir

23、edretired teacher 一名退休教师一名退休教师an escapedescaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚一名逃跑的囚犯犯 2 2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和或完、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和或完成意义成意义。 e.g.：How I regretted the hours wastedwasted in the woods!我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊I like wearing clothes mademade of this kind of cloth我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。e.g.：The books writ

24、tenwritten by Lu Xun are popular鲁迅写的书很受欢迎鲁迅写的书很受欢迎Well go to visit the bridge builtbuilt hundreds of years ago 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。想一想 什么时候用前置定语？什么时候用前置定语？ 什么时候用后置定语？什么时候用后置定语？单个的单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词前名词前过去分词过去分词短语短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面后面Practice: Change the following

25、Past Participle into clauses.1） The question discussed was very important.= The question _ was very important. which had been discussed注：本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被注：本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成。动又表完成。2） The United States is a developed country. = The United Stated is a country _ .二、过去分词作表语二、过去分词作表语1 1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或

26、所处、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括的状态，其前的系动词有包括bebe在内的多种在内的多种形式。形式。 e.g.：Everyone present is very inspired at his speech 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。 You seem frightened. 你似乎受了惊吓。你似乎受了惊吓。系动词 appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, go, grow, keep, look, prove, remain, rest, run, seem, smell, soun

27、d, stay, taste, turn2 2、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：被动语态的区别： 过去分词作表语，强调特点或状态；过去分词作表语，强调特点或状态；而被动语态中，强调动作而被动语态中，强调动作。 e.g.：This shop is now closedclosed 这家商店现在已经关门了。这家商店现在已经关门了。( (状态状态) ) This shop is closedclosed at 6 pm everyday 这家商店每天这家商店每天6 6点关门。点关门。( (动作动作） Practice: Complete the se

28、ntences using the past participle as the predicative.1. 丢了钱他自责不已。丢了钱他自责不已。学学.科科.网网He _ about losing the money.2、你为什么总是看上去很疲劳？这些日子睡得、你为什么总是看上去很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？好吗？ Why do you always _ ? Do you sleep well these days?3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。好些。 I _ the film I saw last night, I had expected

29、it to be better.4.听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。 Everybody _to hear the death of the famous film starwas shocked5.要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。 The children _ going to the zoo6.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒他的伤口感染了一种新病毒. His wound _ a new virusare really excited aboutbecame/was infected with1. Linda worked for the

30、 Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known高考链接B解析：答案解析：答案B B。此处考查过去分词作后置。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，定语，3M3M与与knowknow之间是被动关系，故用过之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。去分词表示被动。2. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B.

31、 recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded高考链接A解析：答案解析：答案A A。此处考查过去分词作后置。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，定语，discdisc与与recordrecord之间是被动关系，故之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示。用过去分词表示。3. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known高考链接D

32、解析：答案解析：答案D D。knowknow与与wordswords，expressionsexpressions，phrasesphrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。被动。4. The flowers _ sweet in the botanical garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt高考链接B解析：答案解析：答案B B。此处为现在分词作定语，。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰修饰flower

33、sflowers。smellsmell为系动词，不能用于为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于被动语态，相当于which/that smells which/that smells sweetsweet。现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别 现在分词：主动，正在进行现在分词：主动，正在进行 过去分词：被动和或完成过去分词：被动和或完成There are 220 children studying in the art school.The experience gained will be of great value to us.现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别现在分词和过

34、去分词作表语的区别 V-ing 形式表示“令人的” V-ed 形式表示“某人感到的”The story is interesting.学.科.网I am interested in the story.语法专练语法专练1. China is _ .A.a developed countryB.a country which was developingC.a developing countryD.a country which is developed2. look! A _ woman was coming.A. beautiful dressed B. dressed beautiful

35、 C. beautifully dressed D. dressed beautifully 3. Mr smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel.A.tired; boring B.tiring; boredC.tired; boredD.tiring; boring4. After the fight, a caretaker found that a young man _ so he telephoned for an ambulance immediately.A.seriously injuredB.was injured

36、seriouslyC.was serious injuredD.was seriously injured5. It is believed that if a book is_, it will surely _ the reader.A.interested; interestB.interesting; be interestedC.interested; be interesting D.interesting; interest6. He held the _ stick high and went on in the dark cave.A.litB.lightedC.burnt

37、D.firing7. We had our picnic lunch in the forest next to a _ tree.A.fallenB.falling C.being fallingD.been fallen8. If the building project _ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.A.is completedB.to be completedC.being completedD.completedHomework学学.科科.网网导与练16-17页语法专练语法专练导与练17-18页单项填空单项填空