2012年杭州师范大学考研专业课试题815英语语言文学基础.doc

1、杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命题 纸杭 州 师 范 大 学 2012 年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题 考试科目代码： 815 考试科目名称： 英语语言文学基础 说明：1、命题时请按有关说明填写清楚、完整； 2、命题时试题不得超过周围边框； 3、考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负；4、考生务必在以下两种试题中（语言学和文学）选择一个方向做题，交叉做题不给分，外国语言学及应用语言学专业考生选做语言学方向试题，英语语言文学专业考生选做文学方向试题。语言学方向试题（外国语言学及应用语言学专业考生选做）Part One. Define the following

2、 terms. (每小题5分，共15分)1. semantic components2. reference3. categorization . True/ False decision. Write T for true and F for false. (每小题1分，共15分)1) All languages have three major components: a sound system, a system of lexicogrammar and a system of semantics. ( )2) Phonetics means that the study of how

3、 speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived. It can be divided into three main fields of study-articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics and perceptual/ auditory phonetics. ( )3) A linguist needs to be able to know all languages if he wants to study linguistics. （ ）4) Creativity refers

4、to the fact that in all languages so far investigated one finds two levels of structure or patterning. （ ）5) Morpheme is both a grammatical concept and a semantic one. ( )6) Loanblend is a process in which part of the form is native and the rest has been borrowed, but the meaning is fully borrowed.

5、( )7) Linguistics can be defined as the scientific study of a particular language. ( )8) In the classic semantic triangle, the symbol is directly to the referent. ( )9) Syntax is the study of the rules governing the ways different constituents are combined to form sentences in a language, or the stu

6、dy of the relationships between elements in sentence structures. ( )10) In 1950s, Chomskys publication of Syntactic Structures (1957) helped to ignite the cognitive revolution. ( )11) Pragmatics is the study of meaning. ( )12)It is generally believed that modern linguistics is mostly descriptive, di

7、achronic, and emphatic on writing. ( )13)There exist three approaches to the study of language and cognition. The conceptual approach is concerned with the patterns in which and the processes by which conceptual content is organized in language. ( )14) Metaphor involves the comparison of two concept

8、s in that one is construed in terms of the other. ( )15) Our language can not be used to talk itself. ( ). Answer the questions. (每小题10分，共20分)1.Does the traffic light system have duality? 2.What is sense? . Discuss . (每小题15分，共30分)1.Conceptual meaning 2.Sense relations Part Two. 1. Fill in the blank

9、in each of the statements with one word from the box: （20 points）raising view making external course think outputprocess gaps learners referred internal feature mental theory proceeds factors attitudes do self-correct1. The goals of SLA, then, are to describe how L2 acquisition _1_ and to explain th

10、is process and why some _2_ seem to be better at it than others. 2. The goal of explanation is to identify the _3_ and _4_ factors that account for acquiring an L2.3. The Description of L2 acquisition tries to find out what learners really_5_, as opposed to what they _6_ they do, when they try to le

11、arn an L2. 4. It is possible that _7_ errors may actually help learners to learn when they _8_ the errors they make.5. Errors are a conspicuous _9_ of learner language, _10_ the important question of Why do learners make errors?. 6. The acquisition of a particular grammatical structure must be seen

12、as a _11_ involving transitional construction and follows a U-shaped _12_ of development.7. Systematic development of learner language reflects a _13_ system of L2 knowledge. And this system is often _14_ to as interlanguage.8. To understand what is meant by interlanguage, we need to briefly conside

13、r behaviorist learning _15_ and mentalist _16_ of language learning.9. The role of _17_ in L2 acquisition serves a consciousness-raising function by helping learners to notice _18_ in their interlanguage.10. Social _19_ influence interlaguage development via the impact they have on the _20_ that det

14、ermine the kinds of language use learners engage in.II. Explain the following terms briefly. (30points)1. learner language 2. target language 3. input 4. mistake 5. error 6. interlanguage7. motivation8. Negative transfer 9. overgenalization10 .language aptitudeIII Answer the following questions (20

15、points )1. What, according to Rod Ellis, are the four steps for carrying out Error Analysis? Explain each step briefly.2. What is your understanding of the following short passage about the learning strategies of L2 acquisition? Language aptitude and motivation constitute general factors that influe

16、nce the rate and level of L2 achievement. But how does their influence operate? One possibility is that they affect the nature and the frequency with which individual learners use learning strategies.文学方向试题（英语语言文学专业考生选做）I. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one

17、 that best completes the sentence. (30分)1. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, _ , in 1607.A. Vermont B. MassachusettsC. Virginia D. California2. The Mayflower voyage was taken in .A. 1607 B. 1620 C. 1775 D. 17893. The first American writer was .A. J

18、ohn Winthrop B. William BradfordC. Anne Bradstreet D. Captain John Smith4. The best of the Puritan poets was .A. William Bradford B. John Winthrop C. Anne Bradstreet D. Edward Taylor5. Thomas Paine wrote the following EXCEPT .A. Common Sense B. Autobiography C. The Rights of Man D. The American Cris

19、is6. The Declaration of Independence was signed on .A. July 4, 1776 B. July 4, 1775C. July 14, 1776 D. July 14, 17837. The most important document in the political history of the United States is , which is also a fine work of literature.A. The American Crisis B. The Declaration of IndependenceC. Th

20、e Rights of Man D. Common Sense8. has been called the “Father of American Poetry”.A. Edgar Allan Poe B. Walt WhitmanC. Philip Freneau D. William Cullen Bryant9 became known in Europe as “the American Walter Scott”.A. James Fenimore Cooper B. Washington IrvingC. Herman Melville D. Nathaniel Hawthorne

21、10 was the first American naturalist.A. Theodore Dreiser B. Stephen CraneC. Hamlin Garland D. Nathaniel Hawthorne11 in the 1860s was the first American writer of local color to achieve wide popularity.A. Herman Melville B. Washington IrvingC. James Fenimore Cooper D. Bret Harte12 was the foremost no

22、velist of the American Depression of the 1930s, whose masterpiece was a novel about the great “dust bowl” disaster in Oklahoma.A. Theodore Dreiser B. Upton SinclairC. Thomas Wolfe D. John Steinbeck13. The Sound and the Fury is one of s “modernist” masterpieces.A. John Steinbeck B. William FaulknerC.

23、 E. E. Cummings D. Ezra Pound14. was the most joyful poet of the Lost Generation. In his poetry we can see the clear influence of the Cubist painters.A. Carl Sandburg B. Robert Frost C. E. E. Cummings D. Ezra Pound15. was considered the founder of psychological realism in America. His realism is kno

24、wn as “stream-of-consciousness” literature.A. O. Henry B. James JoyceC. Stephen Crane D. Henry James16. The most striking feature of Beowulf is _.A) the national epic of the Anglo-Saxon and English peopleB) alliterationC) humorD) satire 17. One of the distinct features of the Elizabethan time is _.A

25、) the flourishing of the drama B) the popularity of the realistic novelC) the domination of the classical poetryD) the close-down of all the theatres 18. Which of the following is not John Miltons works?A) Paradise Lost B) Paradise Regained C) Samson Agonistes D) Othello19. Thomas Hardy wrote novels

26、 of _.A) psychoanalysis B) pure romance C) character and environment D) stream of consciousness20. “My Last Duchess” is a poem that best exemplifies Robert Brownings _.A) sensitive ear for the sounds of the English languageB) excellent choice of wordsC) mastering of the metrical devicesD) use of the

27、 dramatic monologue21. Among the great writers of the modern period, _ might be the greatest in radical experimentation of technical innovations in novel writing. A) Joseph Conrad B) D. H. Lawrence C) Virginia Woolf D) James Joyce22. Shakespeares four great tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, _ and _. A

28、) King LearRomeo and Juliet B) King LearMacbethC) King JohnJulius Caesar D) King JohnThe Merchant of Venice23. The term “metaphysical poetry” is commonly used to name the work of the _ century writers who wrote under the influence of _. A) 16thEdmund Spenser B) 17thJohn DonneC) 18thThomas Gray D) 20

29、thJohn Ransom24. The greatest English critical realist novelist was _, who criticized the bourgeois civilization and showed the misery of the common people.A) Charles Dickens B) Emily BronteC) W.M. Thackeray D) Charlotte Bronte25. Which of the following is NOT true about The Canterbury Tales?A) It i

30、s written for the great part in heroic couplets.B) Chaucer chose a pilgrimage as the framework for the stories involved in it.C) It is written in the form of a dream vision.D) “The General Prologue” introduces the pilgrims and the time and occasion of the pilgrimage.26. The Romantic Age began with t

31、he publication of The Lyrical Ballads which was written by _. A) William Wordsworth B) Samuel JohnsonC) Wordsworth and Coleridge D) Samuel Taylor Coleridge27. Which of the following is Not Jane Austens usual theme? BA) self-knowledge B) everyday life of rural upper classC) relationships between peop

32、leD) women and marriage28. _ is the only novel written by Oscar Wilde.A) The Importance of Being EarnestB) The Picture of Dorian GrayC) A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManD) The Picture of a Lady29. Which was not one of Shelleys lyrics on nature? A) “Ode to the West Wind” B) “To a Skylark” C) “T

33、he Cloud” D) “Ode to the Nightingale”30. George Eliot was the pseudonym of _. A) Mary Ann Evans B) Mark Twin C) Ellis Bell D) Samuel Langhorne ClemensII. Please answer the following questions briefly. (20分) 1. Why did Mark Twain define the period of the Civil War as a “Gilded Age”?2. What is “Natura

34、lism” in literary creation?3. What is blank verse?4. Why is Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels ranked among the best novels of world literature?III. Please translate the following into Chinese and vice versa. (40分)1. The violence of breaking down the door seemed to fill this room with pervading dust.

35、 A thin, acrid pall as of the tomb seemed to lie everywhere upon this room decked and furnished as for a bridal: upon the valance curtains of faded rose color, upon the rose-shaded lights, upon the dressing table, upon the delicate array of crystal and the mans toilet things backed with tarnished si

36、lver, silver so tarnished that the monogram was obscured. Among them lay a collar and tie, as if they had just been removed, which, lifted, left upon the surface a pale crescent in the dust. Upon a chair hung the suit, carefully folded; beneath it the two mute shoes and the discarded socks.The man h

37、imself lay in the bed.For a long while we just stood there, looking down at the profound and fleshless grin. The body had apparently once lain in the attitude of an embrace, but now the long sleep that outlasts love, that conquers even the grimace of love, had cuckolded him. What was left of him, ro

38、tted beneath what was left of the nightshirt, had become inextricable from the bed in which he lay; and upon him and upon the pillow beside him lay that even coating of the patient and biding dust.Then we noticed that in the second pillow was the indentation of a head. One of us lifted something fro

39、m it, and leaning forward, that faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils, we saw a long strand of iron-gray hair.2. 回顾柏拉图对人类道德状况的解释，我们已经了解到，他的出发点是独立于身体而存在的灵魂概念。在此状态中，灵魂理性部分和非理性部分之间有一种根本性的和谐，此时理性通过它对真理的知识而控制着精神和欲望。但是由于灵魂的非理性部分有着不完善的可能性，因此当它由于欲望而被较低级的领域所吸引，还拉上了精神和理性一起堕落时，就把这种可能性表现出来了。在进入

40、身体时，灵魂各部分之间最初的和谐受到了进一步破坏，先前的知识被遗忘，而身体的惰性又阻碍了这一知识的恢复。IV. Please make comments on any 3 of the following statements. (60分)1. The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn was praised by Hemingway as a book from which “all modern American literature comes from.” 2. Henry James called Emily Dicksons poetry “the lan

41、dscape of the soul.” 3. Paradise Lost was to “justify the ways of God to man”, i.e., to advocate submission to the Almighty. But after reading it one gets the impression that the main idea of the poem is a revolt against Gods authority.4. When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease

42、-of joy that kills. ( from The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin )5. As a whole, The Waste Land gave a picture of the spiritual ruins in Europe shortly after the end of World War I. 6. At the end of Tess of the DUrbervilles, the author writes sarcastically: “Justice was done, and the President of the Immortals (in Aeschylean phrase) had ended up his sport with Tess.” 2012 年 考试科目代码 815 考试科目名称 英语语言文学基础 （本考试科目共 9页，第9 页）