Unit 4 词汇语法等 学案-(2022新)人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册.doc

1、人教版(2019版)高中英语选择性必修第一册第四单元学案【词汇语法等】UNIT FOUR1.interaction ntrkn: n. 交流; 相互影响inter-: 构词法，表示 “相互的; 之间”action kn: n. 行动; 活动; 动作2. varyveri: vi. (根据情况)变化; 改变various vers: adj. 不同的; 各种各样的variety vrat：n. 变化; 种类; 多样化vary/change with.: 随.变化/改变vary in.: 在.方面不同/有差异vary from.to.: 从.到.变化; 从.到.不等3. appropriate p

2、rprit: adj. 合适的; 恰当的(指适合某一时间、情况、目的等)appropriately : adv. 适当地; 合适地proper: adj. 合适的; 恰当的; 正确的suitable: adj. 合适的; 恰当的fit: adj. 合适的; 恰当的Sth be appropriate for sth/sb: 什么适合什么/某人Sth be suitable for sth/sb: 什么适合什么/某人Sb be suitable for sth: 某人适合什么Sb be fit for sth: 某人适合什么Sth be fit for sth/sb: 什么适合什么/某人Sth

3、be proper for sth/sb: 什么适合什么/某人4. by contrast: 相比之下; 相反by contrast with.: 和.比compared to/with: 和比By contrast, China maintained steady economic growth in 2020.5. approvepruv: vi./vt. 赞成; 同意; 批准; 通过approve of: 赞成; 同意; 批准approval pruvl: n. 赞成; 同意; 批准prove pruv：v. 证明; 证实; 证明是; 表明是6. demonstratedemnstret

4、: vt. 表现; 表达; 说明; 证明express: v. 表达explain: v. 解释prove: v. 证明7. gesture dest(r): n. 手势; 姿势; 姿态guest est: n. 客人; 旅客; 房客; 嘉宾guess es：v. 猜测; 估计; 认为8. employ mpl: vt. 使用; 应用; 雇用employer: n. 雇主; 老板employee: n. 雇员; 打工仔employment: n. 就业; 雇用unemployment: n. 失业; 失业人数employ sb to do.: 雇用某人做什么employ sb as.: 雇用某

5、人当什么be employed in doing sth: 从事于; 忙于做什么hire: v. 雇用(短期、长期)employ: v. 雇用(较正式用词，一般指正规机构、大公司等聘用职员)rent: v. 租用(东西); 出租fire: v. 解雇; 开除; 射击; 开火dismiss: v. 解雇; 开除9. identicaladentkl: adj. 相同的be identicalto/with.: 与.相同/一样the sameas: 和相同的be similar to：与类似/相似be different from/than/to: 不同于be distant/distinct f

6、rom.: 与不同10. differdf(r): vi. 相异; 不同于differentdfrnt: adj. 不同的differencedfrns：n. 不同; 差异 differ from: 不同于be different from/than/to: 不同于be distant/distinct from.: 与不同11. interpretntprt: vt. 把理解(解释)为; 口译interpret.into.: 把翻译成.interpreter ntprt：n. 口译人员translate trnslet trnzlet：v. 翻译; 变成translateinto: 把翻译成

7、/变成translation trnslen trnzlen：n. 翻译; 译文; 转变translator trnsleittrnzleit : n. 翻译家; 译者12. cheektik: n. 面颊; 脸颊face fes：v. 面对; 面向; 面临 n. 脸; 面孔; 表情checktek: v. 检查; 核实; 核对13. by comparison (with.): (与)相比较 = in comparison (with.)by contrast (with.): 相比之下; 相反compared to/with: 和比Compared with/to western coun

8、tries,China uses resources very carefully.14. favour/favorfev(r): vt. 较喜欢; 选择; 有利于n. 帮助; 恩惠; 赞同choose tuz (chose, chosen): v. 选择; 挑选choice ts: n. 选择elect lekt: v. 选举; 选择; 决定 election: n. 选举; 推选; 当选option pn : n.选择; 选项in favour of: 支持; 赞成 in ones favour: 有利于某人; 有助于某人do sb a favour:帮助某人do a favor for

9、sb:帮助某人 do sb the favor to do : 帮助某人做什么do the/a favor to do : 帮助做什么15. bow ba: vi. 鞠躬; 点头vt. 低(头)b: n. 弓; 蝴蝶结nod nd：v./n. 点头; 点头致意; 打盹; 打瞌睡bow (down) to: 向鞠躬bow before: 在前鞠躬16. waistwest: n. 腰; 腰部west west: n./adj. 西部; 西方17. make inferences: 推理; 推断infer nf(r): v. 推断; 推论; 推理; 暗示inference nfrns: n. 结论

10、; 推断; 推理; 推论make sense: 讲得通; 有意义make no sense: 讲不通; 无意义make a difference: 有作用/影响/作为18. break down: 消除; 分解; 打破; 毁掉; 坏掉; 抛锚; 身体垮掉break out: (战争/火灾/疾病等)爆发break away from： 脱离;与断绝来往break with: 与断绝关系 break into: 闯入break in: 闯入; 插话break up: 分解(物理); 拆开; 驱散1)My car broke down on the way to the airport yester

11、day.2)Yourhealthwillbreakdownifyouworktoohard.19. barrier bri(r): n. 隔阂; 障碍break down the barrier: 消除障碍20. fakefek: adj. 假装的; 假的; 冒充的fake: adj. 假的(指伪造的、冒充的)artificial: adj. 人工的real: adj. 真的(not artificial/false )false: 假的(指非天然的、非天生的)man-made: 人造的(非天然的)true: adj. 真实的; 符合事实的21. anger(r): n. 愤怒; 怒气vt.

12、使生气; 激怒angryr：adj. 愤怒的; 发怒的; 生气的angrily: adv. 愤怒地; 生气地to ones anger: 使某人气愤的是annoyn: v. 使生气/烦恼/恼怒; 惹恼; 打扰 annoyed: adj. 生气的; 恼怒的; 烦闷的annoying: adj. 使人烦恼的/心烦的/生气的22. reliablerlabl: adj. 可靠的; 可信赖的relyrla: v. 依靠; 依赖; 信任rely on/upon: 依靠; 信赖depend on/upon.: 信赖;依靠; 取决于23. incidentnsdnt: n. 发生的事情; 严重事件; 冲突a

13、ccident ksdnt: n. (意外)事故; 意外的事event: n. 事情; 重要事情; 大事; 比赛项目24. trial tral: n./v. 审讯; 审判; 试验; 试用try tra：v. 尝试; 努力; 审讯; 审判; 审理trial and error: 不断摸索; 反复试验by trial and error: 通过不断摸索/反复试验for trial and error: 为了不断摸索/反复试验25. twin twn: adj. 双胞胎之一的; 孪生之一的n. 孪生之一; 双胞胎之一twin boys/girls: 孪生男孩/女孩a twin brother/si

14、ster: 孪生兄弟/姐妹中的一个26. slightslat: adj. 轻微的; 略微的; 细小的slightlyslatli: adv. 略微; 稍微rain slightly/lightly: 下小雨light/heavy rain: 小雨/大雨rain hard/heavily/cats and dogs: 下大雨snow hard/heavily: 下大雪snow slightly/lightly: 下小雪light/heavy snow: 小雪/大雪27. assessment sesmnt: n. 评价; 评定assess ses: vt. 评估; 评价evaluate vlj

15、et: v. 评价; 评估; 估值 28. internal ntnl: adj. 内部的; 里面的inner: adj. 内部的; 靠近中心的; 内心的inside adj. 内部的; 里面的 29. straighten up: 直起来; 整理; 收拾整齐stretn: v. 变直; 变正; 挺直; 端正(身体)straightstret: adj. 直(接)的; 平直; 整齐的 adv. 笔直地; 直接地 put away: 收拾好; 保管好stand on end: 竖起来; 直立起来turn . upside down: 把.倒过来/翻转过来30. posepz: n. 故作姿态;

16、(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势v. 摆好姿势; 造成(威胁、问题等)causekz：n. 原因; 理由; 事业 v. 造成; 导致; 引起 lead to.: 造成; 导致; 引起result in.: 导致; 引起result from: 由导致 strike/adopt a pose: 摆姿势pose a threat/challenge/danger/risk: 构成威胁/挑战/危险/风险 31. in other words: 换句话说; 也就是说That is (to say). 也就是说; 即have a word with：和说句话have words with: 和吵架 in a/

17、one word： 总之; 简言之keep ones word：遵守诺言break ones word：不守诺言32. educator eduket(r): n. 教师; 教育工作者; 教育家teachertit：n. 老师; 教师educateedjket/ edket: v. 教育; 培养; 训练educationedjken edken：n. 教育get a (good) education: 获得(好的)教育33. ticktk: vt. 给(试卷、问题等)打钩号vi. (钟表)发出嘀嗒声n. 钩号cross: n. 叉号make sb/sth tick: 使某人/某物这样做的原因3

18、4. tendency tendnsi: n. 趋势; 倾向have a tendency to do.: 有做某事的倾向/趋势;倾向于做.; 喜欢做.35. barelybeli: adv. 几乎不; 勉强才能; 刚刚hardly/scarcely/barely .when/before.: 刚.就.; 一.就.no sooner . than .: 一.就. (上两个句型前句用过去完成时, 后句一般过去时)We had hardly/scarcely/barely sat down at the table when the phone rang.36. occupykjupa: vt.

19、占据; 占用(时间/空间)occupationkjpen：n. 职业;占领;占用be occupied with/in: 忙于; 从事; 专心take: v. 占领37. stareste(r): vi. 盯着看;凝视n. 凝视stare at.: 盯着看; 凝视 glare at.: 怒视; 瞪眼glance at: 看一眼 look at.： 看38. anxiety zati: n. 焦虑; 担心; 害怕anxious ks: adj. 担忧的; 担心的; 渴望的 anxiously: adv. 焦急地; 忧虑地be anxious about.: 担心. 39. perceive ps

20、iv: vt. 察觉; 看待; 理解understand : v. 理解; 懂得; 领会notice : v. 注意到; 意识到; 看到; 感觉到comprehend: v. 理解; 领悟appreciate: v. 理解; 明白; 欣赏; 感谢regard/consider.as.= have/treat/take/perceive .as. = look on/upon.as. = think of .as.: 认为.是.He is so young that no one perceives him as a teacher.40. distinguish dstw: vi./vt. 区

21、分; 辨别distinguished: adj. 著名的; 卓越的; 受人尊敬的distinguish oneself: 使自己出名/闻名41. chest test: n. 胸部; 胸breast: n. 乳房; 胸部42. embarrassed mbrst: adj. 难堪的; 尴尬的embarrass mbrs: v. 使窘迫/尴尬/为难/陷困境embarrassing: adj. 使人害羞的/难堪的/惭愧的/尴尬的awkward kwd: adj. 笨拙的; 棘手的; 尴尬的be embarrassed at/about.: 因.而尴尬43. ashamed emd: adj. 羞愧

22、; 惭愧be ashamed of: 对感到惭愧/羞愧shame: n. 羞耻; 羞愧; 惭愧; 羞耻心v. 使羞愧/惭愧; 使丢脸shameful: adj. 可耻的; 丢脸的44. merelymli: adv. 只是; 仅仅; 只不过only nl：adv. 只有; 仅仅just dst：adv. 仅仅; 只是not merely/only/just.but also.: 不但.而且. Itisnotmerelyajob,butawayoflife.45. call on: (短暂地)访问; 要求(某人讲话等); 正式邀请call on/upon sb to do:要求/邀请做什么cal

23、l at：参观; 访问 call the police: 报警call for：需要; 去接; 召来call up：打电话; 使回忆起call/ring back: 回电话 call off: 取消; 叫走开call sb on ones cellphone: 打某人手机46. botherb(r): vi./vt. 费心; 麻烦; 因操心n. 麻烦; 不便brotherbr：n. 兄弟troubletrbl: n. 问题; 忧虑; 困难; 苦恼; 疾病v. 使忧虑; 使烦恼; 使苦恼be bothered about. 关心; 担心47. weepwip (wept): vi./vt. 哭泣

24、; 流泪cry kra: n./v. 哭; 哭泣; 大声哭; 大叫sweep (swept) swip: v. 打扫; 清除48. at work: 有某种影响; 在工作; 在工作的地方in work: 在岗 out of work：失业go to work: 去上班 get/be off work: 下班49. conflictknflkt: n. 矛盾; 冲突 knflkt: vi. 冲突; 抵触a conflict of interest: 利益冲突 come into conflict with: 与冲突/有矛盾conflict with.: 与. 冲突/抵触50. inquire/e

25、nquirenkwa(r): vi./vt. 询问; 打听requirerkwa: v. 需要; 要求; 命令51. ultimately ltmtl: adv. 最终; 最后eventually ventl：adv. 最后; 终于finally: adv. 最后; 终于in the end: 最后; 终于 at last: 最后; 终于in closing: 最后; 在结束时Ultimately, youll have to make the decisionyourself.52. adjustdst: vt. 调整; 调节; 适应; (使)习惯adapt dpt: v. 适应; 适合;

26、改编; 改写adopt dpt: v. 采纳; 收养; 挑选; 通过; 批准adjust/adapt (oneself) to： 适应1)Youll quickly adjust (yourself) to collge life.2)It took her a long time to adjust to living alone.53. react rikt: vi. (对)起反应; 回应; (对食物等)有不良反应reaction: n. 反应; 回应; 生理反应react to .: 对.做出反应/回应54. componentkmpnnt: n. 组成部分; 零件part pt: n.

27、 零件; 部件; 部分; 地区;角色; 作用compositionkmpzn：n. 作文; 成分; 结构55. way 式定语从句：连接词在定语从句作主语/宾语：that/which连接词在定语从句作状语：that/in which/不用1)Words are important, but the way (that/in which) people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings. (连词作状语)2)I dont like the wa

28、y (in which)/that you treat your children. (连词作状语)3)There are four ways, in which we have contact with the world. (连词作状语)4)The crucial thing is using body language in a way thatis appropriate to the culture you are in. (连词作主语)5)Mr. Brown has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that m

29、ake them seem clear and obvious. (连词作主语)56. .situation + where 定语从句：1)Can you describe a situation where you might smile when you dont mean it?2)Its helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.57. rest on/upon.: 依靠; 依赖; 以.为基础; 凝视rely on/upon.: 依靠; 依赖; 信任; 信赖depen

30、d on/upon.: 依靠; 依赖; 取决于58. from culture to culture: 从一种文化到另一种文化 =from one culture to anotherfrom country to country: 从一个国家到另一个国家= from one country to anotherfrom place to place = from one place to another: 从一个地方到另一个地方(vary) from person to person: 因人而异59. identical: adj. 相同的be identical to/with.: 与/和

31、.相同be the same.as.: 与/和.相同the/this/that/these/those same.: 1)The prince has six identical cars.2)This dictionary is identical to/with the one on the teachers desk.3)Nearly all the houses in the town are the same. = Nearly all the houses in the town are identical.4)The twins are wearing identical/the

32、 same jackets.5)This is the identical hotel we stayed in/at ten years ago.6)This is the same hotel that we stayed in/at ten years ago.60. stomach stmk - stomachs: 胃; 肚子bench bent - benches: 长凳; 长椅61. down: adj. 悲伤; 沮丧; 郁闷; 情绪低落up: adj. 高兴; 快乐; 激动1)If you feel down, you can cry in the open air.2)The

33、mood at the meeting-room is resolutely up.62.(in) sign/body language: (用)手语/肢体语言read sign/body language: 读懂手语/身体语言63. end up as:最后/最终成为.end up doing:最后/最终做.end up done:最后/最终被.end up in: 最后/最终在64. Considering individual differences is also key to reading peoples body language accurately.65. as usual：

34、像平常; 照例than usual：比平常66. succeed in: 在方面成功succeed in doing: 成功做be successful in sth/doing.: 成功做67. compare notes (with sb): (与.)交换意见/看法68. read through/over.: 认真通读; 仔细核对69. as an educator: 作为老师as a student/doctor/teacher: 作为学生/医生/老师while/when/as a boy (girl/child): 当他/她是个小孩的时候70. one-on-one = one-to

35、-one : adj./adv. 一对一1)The teacher teaches one-to-one.2)Thistime I willspeaktothe studentsone-to-one.3)I will discuss the incident with her one-to-one.4)The teacher had many one-to-one conversations with each student.5)A one-to-one meeting with the US President is necessary.6)Weprovideone-to-onetrain

36、ing to the players.71. It is/was + 形容词 to do.: 做什么是.的。(it是形式主语, 不定式是真正主语)【easy, hard, difficult, safe, dangerous, important, necessary, impossible, possible, unusual, wonderful。wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, impolite, polite, clever, foolis

37、h, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous.】1)It is easy to recognize when students are interested in a lesson.2)Its important to learn how to use the computer. 3)It is unwise to turn down their proposal.72. It is/was said that句子。(it是形式主语, that句子是真正主语)【thought/hoped/believed/considered/reported/suggest

38、ed/advised/recommend/decided/announced/arranged.】1)It is said that most of what we communicate with others is nonverbal.2)It is reported that China launched nine man-made satellites this morning.73. occupy sb/oneself/sth (in) doing.: 使忙于.; 使全神贯注于.occupy sb/oneself/sth with sth: 使忙于.; 使全神贯注于.74. with

39、结构作伴随状语, 原因状语： 现在分词being done过去分词with + 宾语 + to do to be done介词短语形容词/副词1)It is as if they are asleep with their eyes open. 2)With their chins on their hands, they occupied themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.3)With a lot of work to complete, the workers are working around th

40、e clock.4)With all the work completed, the president jumped with joy. 5)With the boy leading the way, we found he temple easily yesterday. 6)With the boy to lead the way, we will find the temple easily tomorrow.75. While/Although/Though it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or

41、distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.76. look away: 转移目光; 看别处77. put ones back into (doing) something: 全力以赴78. wear a frown: 皱眉wear a smile: 面带微笑wear a relaxed/confused look: 面带轻松/困惑的表情have/wear/grow a beard/moustache/mustache: 留着胡子79. waters: 水域; 海域; 领海8

42、0. the whole night/day/year: 整个晚上/整天/整年81. 本单元语法： doing作宾语和表语Aadmit,deny,forgive, advise,imagine, prohibit,forbid, allow, permit, keep, practise, appreciate,enjoy, quit, avoid,escape,mind, consider, excuse,miss, fancy, oppose, risk, complete, finish, delay,suggest 等动词后常接doing作宾语。1)She enjoys learnin

43、g about body language in different cultures.2)The captain suggested putting off the meeting till next week.B. 作表语： 句子的主语常是hobby, task, job, work, hope, wish, aim, goal, duty 等。1)Bills job is teaching sign language.2)The crucial thing is using body language properly.3)Your duty is teaching physics at the high school.4)Our favorite sport