Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures ppt课件-（2021新）人教版高中英语必修第三册高一下学期.pptx

1、 学习目标 11.To learn the usage of infinitive used as attribute or adverbial in a sentence.2.To apply what we learn in this period to exercises, especially in writing and grammar filling.Read the sentences below and focus on underlined parts. Then, think about their functions and meanings.1. I trained f

2、or a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot. 2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space. 3. Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.4. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to

3、 go into space. infinitive as adverbialinfinitive as adverbialinfinitive as attributeinfinitive as attribute 问题导学1 61.借助金版借助金版P84-85，思考不定式做定语时，不定式和，思考不定式做定语时，不定式和它所修饰的词之间的关系。它所修饰的词之间的关系。2.结合不定式的不同形式完成下表结合不定式的不同形式完成下表(以以动词动词do为例为例)。主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行进行式式完成完成式式完成进行完成进行式式1. We must find a person

4、to do the work.2. There are lots of interesting things to see. 3. They got the order to leave the city. 不定式不定式作定语的位置和关系：作定语的位置和关系：动词不定式作定语通常放在名词、代词或不定代词的动词不定式作定语通常放在名词、代词或不定代词的后面作后置定语。后面作后置定语。 动词不定式作定语一般与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系、动词不定式作定语一般与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系、动宾关系、或同位关系。动宾关系、或同位关系。主谓关系主谓关系动宾关系动宾关系同位关系同位关系 点拨精讲1 14主动语态

5、主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行进行式式完成完成式式完成进行完成进行式式 动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态Infinitive as attribute to doto be doneto be doingto have doneto have been doneto have been doing1. She is the first graduate to get an offer in the big company.2. He is the only one to survive the accident. 3. He is the right person to

6、do the job. 一一、名词、名词被特定词被特定词修饰修饰当名词被序数词或当名词被序数词或 the only, the next, the last, the right修修饰，且该名词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者时，用不饰，且该名词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者时，用不定式主动形式作定语。定式主动形式作定语。不定式作后置定语的几种情况不定式作后置定语的几种情况 1. In the past, women had no chance to go to school.2. He made an attempt to be admitted to the big company. 3. A g

7、ood teacher must have the ability to make himself understood. 4. I must keep the promise to pay on time.5. His eagerness to get back home was quite obvious. 二二、不定式作定语与特定名词连用：不定式作定语与特定名词连用：当修饰的名词是ability, ambition, attempt, chance, courage, desire, decision, effort, failure, moment, promise, right, t

8、ime, wish （一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词）不定式作后置定语的几种情况不定式作后置定语的几种情况 1. Give me a pen to write with. 2. He is looking for a room to live in. 3. There is nothing to worry about.4. Here is a piece of paper for you to write on. 三三、不定式加介词作定语：不定式加介词作定语：作定语的作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所动词不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式

9、动作的地点、工具等，不修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。定式后面须有相应的介词。不定式作后置定语的几种情况不定式作后置定语的几种情况 1. I have a lot of things to do tomorrow.2. Please give me something to drink.3. He will show you the right path to take.在在一些固定句型中，动词不定式作定语用主动形式表被动意一些固定句型中，动词不定式作定语用主动形式表被动意义，如义，如 have / get / give / show sth to do。

10、在此类句型中，不定式与前面的名词构成动宾关系，和句中在此类句型中，不定式与前面的名词构成动宾关系，和句中另一个名词或代词构成主谓关系。另一个名词或代词构成主谓关系。 I do a lot of things. / I drink something. / You take the right path. 拓展与补充一拓展与补充一 1. Do you have any clothes to wash?2. Kids, do you have any clothes to be washed?3. I cant go out this afternoon, because I have many

11、materials to type. 4. The boss told me that he had many materials to be typed.当不定式与前面的名词构成动宾关系，且和句中的主语当不定式与前面的名词构成动宾关系，且和句中的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，用主动形式表被动意义；若构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，用主动形式表被动意义；若没有逻辑上的主谓关系且不确定逻辑主语是谁时，仍用没有逻辑上的主谓关系且不确定逻辑主语是谁时，仍用被动语态。被动语态。 试比较试比较1 1、2 2句和句和3 3、4 4句的区别是什么？句的区别是什么？1. There is a lot of homewo

12、rk to do. 2. There is a lot of homework to be done.3. There is nothing to see.4. There is nothing to be seen.在在there be + n + to do 结构中，可用不定式的主动形结构中，可用不定式的主动形式也可用被动形式，只是意义和侧重点不同，式也可用被动形式，只是意义和侧重点不同，to do强调人，其逻辑主语是动作的发出者，强调人，其逻辑主语是动作的发出者，to be done强强调物，其逻辑主语是动作的承受者。调物，其逻辑主语是动作的承受者。拓展与补充二拓展与补充二 1. The

13、 airport _ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 2. We are having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.3. Volunteering gives you a chance _ (change) lives, including your own. 4. The students are looking forwa

14、rd to having an opportunity _ (explore) society of real-life experience. 5. I have a lot of readings _ (complete) before the end of this term. to be completedto be madeto change 高考链接高考链接to exploreto completeHello, my dear friends! I am greatly honoured _ (share) the event with you. The theme of the

15、activity is _ (introduce) Chinese traditional culture. During this month, there will be various activities for you _ (experience) the rich and colourful Chinese culture. You will have a chance _ (make) paper-cutting or _ (appreciate) Chinese arts. There will be some lectures for you _ (attend), _ is

16、 beneficial to your understanding about China. _ (learn) more about China, dont hesitate _ (contact) us and be the first _ (sign) up for the activity.to shareto introduceto experienceto maketo appreciateto attendTo learnwhichto contactto sign语语篇填空篇填空 问题导学2 4借助金版借助金版P85，思考以下问题：，思考以下问题：1.不定式作状语有哪些情况？不

17、定式作状语有哪些情况？2.不定式作状语的一些常见表达有哪些？不定式作状语的一些常见表达有哪些？1. To make friends easily, you need to be very kind. 2. They went there to save people who were injured. 3. More TV programmes were produced to raise peoples concern over food safety. 4. To / In order to catch the first bus, he got up early. 5. The bus

18、stopped so as to pick up passengers. 不定式作不定式作目的状语目的状语，可用，可用in order to / so as to 代替，有代替，有时为了突出强调目的，还可将这个词组置于句首，但时为了突出强调目的，还可将这个词组置于句首，但so as to一般不用于句首。一般不用于句首。 点拨精讲2 8目的状语与不定式的转换目的状语与不定式的转换 I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting. I came early (in order) for you to re

19、ad my report before the meeting.当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时，可以直接简化为不定式或不定式短语作状语。当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时，要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。Well start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time. Well start early in order to/so as to arrive in time. 1. He woke up to find everybody gone. 2. He arrived at the train statio

20、n, only to find the train had already left. 3. She is too tired to do the job. 4. He is old enough to go to school.5. Will you be so kind as to open the window?不定式作不定式作结果状语结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果；有时也可用，表示出乎意料的结果；有时也可用only to, too . to, enough to, so . as to 来表示结果状语。来表示结果状语。Infinitive as adverbial1. I am so e

21、xcited to be here! 2. I am more than delighted to be with you!3. She is proud to have won the first place. 4. He is glad to be invited to the meeting. 不定式作不定式作原因状语原因状语，常用于，常用于“主语主语 + be + 形容词形容词 + to do”结构中，此类形容词多是结构中，此类形容词多是glad, excited, disappointed, shocked等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词。等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词。Infinitive as a

22、dverbial 课堂小结 2不定式状语目的表示某一动作的目的；Only to, in order to, so as to结果出乎意料的结果；only to do，enough to do，tooto原因常用于“主语 + be + 形容词 + to do”结构中定语与被修饰词关系动宾，主谓，动状，同位不同使用情况特定词修饰；抽象名词；不及物动词3.他总是第一个到办公室，最后一个离开。He is always _ and the last one to leave the office. 4.有足够的食物供客人享用。There is enough food for the guests _.1

23、.要正确地画地图，你需要一支特制的笔。_, you need a special pen.2.他来晚了，发现其他人都回家了。He arrived late _.To draw maps correctly to enjoythe first one to cometo find the others had gone home 当堂检测 146. _ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand. 7. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the p

24、ackage and tried it on, only _ (find) it didnt fit. 8. Group activities will be organised after class _ (help) children develop team spirit. 9. George returned after the war, only _ (tell) that his wife had left him. 10. With time going by, it spread all over the country, _ (become) the most popular drama in China.11. We were astonished _ (find) the temple still in its original condition. To maketo find to help高考链接高考链接to be toldbecomingto find