Unit 5 The Value of Money 重难点讲解-（2021新）人教版高中英语必修第三册高一下学期.docx

1、一 Listening and Speaking 1. basen基础；基地 vt.以为基础；基础设在basis n根据；基础(1)be based on 以为基础；以为根据 (2)on the basis of 在的基础上；根据例句(1)Many pictures have been based on simple geometric designs.许多画都是基于简单的几何图案。(2)I hope the trade between us will further develop on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.我希望我们之间的贸易将

2、在平等互利的基础上进一步发展。2. apologise/apologizevi.道歉；谢罪(1)apologise to sb.for(doing)sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉apologise to sb.that. 向某人道歉(2)apology n.道歉make an apology to sb.for sth. 因某事向某人道歉owe sb.an apology for sth. 因而应向某人道歉例句(1)You must apologize to her for having kept her waiting.让她等了这么久，你应该为此向她表示歉意。(2)He made/offe

3、red an apology to the public for the teams performance.他就队伍的表现公开道歉。(3)You owe him an apology for what you said.你要为你所说的话向他道歉。3. ignorevt.忽视；对不予理会(1)ignorant adj.无知的；不知道的/没有学识的be ignorant of/about. 不知道；不了解；无知(2)ignorance n.无知；愚昧例句(1)Its dangerous to ignore traffic rules.无视交通规则是危险的。(2)I am quite ignora

4、nt of/about what they intend to do.我完全不知道他们打算做什么。(3)He speaks in a disordered manner，which betrays his shallowness and ignorance他说话语无伦次，暴露出他的浅薄和无知。4. in return作为回报；作为回应in return for. 作为的交换；作为的报答in turn 轮流；依次；反过来by turns 轮流；时而时而on/upon ones return 一回来(就)a return ticket 往返票return to. 回到return sth.to s

5、b. 把某物归还某人例句(1)I dont expect anything in return.我不指望得到任何回报。(2)He wanted to do something in return for the kindness that she offered him.他想做点什么事来酬谢她的好意(3)The people begged to be allowed to return to their home village.人们请求允许他们返回自己的家乡。5. judgevt.&vi.判断；评判；评价(1)judge .from/by. 从来判断judge between right a

6、nd wrong 判断是非as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为(2)judging by/from 从上看；根据判断(3)judgement n.判断；审判；判断力例句(1)A man should be judged by his deeds，not his words.判断一个人应根据他的行动，而不是他的言词。(2)Judging by his accent，he must be from the South.从他的口音判断，他一定是南方人。(3)Judging from what he said，they ought to succeed. 从他说的情况来看，他们

7、应该会成功。二 Reading and Thinking 1. scenen(戏剧或歌剧的)场；现场；场面；景色；风景on the scene 在现场；当场；在台上behind the scenes 在幕后；暗中come on the scene 出场；登场例句(1)Those who worked behind the scenes are the real heroes of this project.那些默默无闻地为实现这项计划而工作的人们才是真正的英雄。(2)Nine people died on the scene and one more person died in hospit

8、al in the car crash.九人当场死亡，另有一人在车祸中死于医院。(3)I think that sunrise is a beautiful scene.风景(4)This is the scene of the accident which happened last Sunday.现场(5)The teams victory produced scenes of joy all over the country.场面(6)The movie opens with a scene in a New York apartment.一场戏辨析scene指局部的或周围的环境、风景、

9、景色，尤其与观看者看法有关，也可指戏剧、电影、小说等场景、布景view常指从远处或高处看到的scenery的一部分，有时可与scene互换scenery指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色sight既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观(多指人造的事物)又可以指名胜、风景，只是在表示后者的含义时，必须用复数2. spotn地点；处所；斑点；污渍 vt.看见；注意到；发现a scenic/beauty spot 风景胜地a historic spot 名胜古迹on the spot 在现场例句(1)Which has spots，the leopard or the tiger？斑点(2)He s

10、howed me the exact spot where he had asked her to marry him.地点(3)His jacket was covered with spots of mud.污渍(4)Ive just spotted a mistake on the front cover.发现,3. patiencen耐心；忍耐力；毅力patient adj.有耐心的；容忍的 n病人(1)have patience with 对有耐心(2)be/get out of patience withlose patience with 对失去耐心(3)be patient w

11、ith 对有耐心例句(1)You must have the patience to do some changes to achieve the final goal.你必须有耐心做一些改变以实现最终目标。(2)If you dont stop making that noise now，Ill be/get out of patience with you!你要是再不停止吵闹，我可要发火了！(3)I think youre required not to lose patience with your brother.我认为您不能对您的弟弟失去耐心。(4)Our English teach

12、er is very patient with us when we ask him questions.我们的英语老师对我们很有耐心当我们问他问题的时候。4. as a matter of fact事实上in fact 实际上例句(1)Its not that difficult. As a matter of fact，its quite easy.这并不那么困难，实际上，容易得很。(2)He has not finished his drama. In fact，he has not started on it.他还没有完成自己的剧本，实际上，他还没开始动手写。5. by acciden

13、t偶然地；意外地by chance 偶然；意外on purpose(by design) 故意地It is no accident that. 不是偶然的。例句(1)The man spotted a police car behind him by accident.这个男人无意中发现有辆警车在他后面。(2)You make it sound as if I did it on purpose.你说得好像我是故意这样做的。6. be about to do sth.即将或正要(做某事)be about to do sth. 正要做这时(突然)be doing. when. 正在做这时突然be

14、 on the point of doing. when. 正要做这时(突然)had just done.when. 刚做完这时(突然)例句(1)I was about to say that when you took the words out of my mouth.我正要说那件事，突然你已经先说出来了。(2)I was reading a book attentively when an old friend came to see me.我正在全神贯注地读一本书，忽然一位老友来访。(3)I had just finished my homework when all the ligh

15、ts went out.我刚做完作业，突然灯全灭了。 7. to be honest说实话；坦率地说(1)be honest with 对真诚(2)实话说honestly speakingin all honesty例句(1)To be honest，I have stopped reading papers for years now.说实话，我已经好几年不看报纸了。(2)She had always been honest with me，and I respect her for that.她一直对我很真诚，我非常敬重她这一点。8. They see a poor young man w

16、alking outside their house.他们看见一个可怜的年轻人正在他们的房子外走来走去。句中walking outside their house为现在分词短语作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语a poor young man的情况。感官动词(see，hear，watch，feel，notice，observe等)和使役动词(have，get，catch，leave等)可以加现在分词作宾补，表示“某人或某物正在做某事”。例句A birdwatcher，armed with a telescope，found the pet sitting desperately on a rock.一

17、位观鸟者手持望远镜，发现这个宠物绝望地坐在一块石头上。9. Why dont you explain what this is all about？你为什么不解释一下这是怎么回事？本句中的what this is all about是what引导的名词性从句，作宾语，what在宾语从句中作宾语。what引导名词性从句的用法：(1)what除了引导宾语从句，还可以引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。(2)what引导名词性从句在句中作成分时，what既有一定的含义，又起连接作用，在从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语；that在引导名词性从句时，不可省略(宾语从句除外)，不作成分，没有词义；which引

18、导名词性从句时意为“哪一个/哪一些”，通常有一个选择的范围。例句(1)A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do.(宾语从句)一些学生犹豫不决，他们在等待看其他学生要做什么。(2)What you will do next is none of my business.(主语从句)你下一步做什么不关我的事。(3)She is no longer what she used to be.(表语从句)她不再是过去的她了。(4)I have no idea what

19、 hes going to do with it.(同位语从句) 我想不出来他会用它们来做什么。10. .and towards night I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.傍晚时分我发现我被一阵大风刮到海上去了。find在句中接复合宾语，宾语是myself，宾语补足语是carried out to sea by a strong wind。宾语补足语和宾语之间构成被动关系。find宾语宾补，宾补除了用过去分词充当外，还有以下几种形式：现在分词（表示主动、进行），形容词/副词/名词，介词短语例句(1)When we got

20、home，we found all the lights on我们回到家时发现所有的灯都亮着。(2)She found Jack a humorous man她发现杰克是个幽默的人。(3)He found his father in heavy debt他发现他的父亲负债累累。(4)She turned around and found a man staring at her她转过身，发现一个男人在盯着她看。(5)After wandering around，we found ourselves back at the hotel.我们四处漫步后发现自己不知不觉回到了饭店。11. And i

21、t was the ship that brought you to England.正是那艘船把你带到了英国。强调句式：“It is/was被强调部分that句子其他部分”。本句是对句子的主语the ship进行的强调It is/was.that.强调句型(1)基本结构为：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他部分(若被强调的部分是人，可用that或who；若被强调的部分是其他时，一般用that)(2)强调句的一般疑问句句型：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who.(3)强调句的特殊疑问句句型：疑问词is/was itthat/who.(4)对not.until.句型中的时间

22、状语(从句)进行强调时的句型：It is/was not until被强调部分that其他成分例句(1)Where was it that Tom lost his watch yesterday?汤姆昨天是在哪里丢了他的手表？(2)It was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.贝尔是在五天以后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。(3)Further reading made me realize that it was hard work an

23、d determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.进一步阅读使我意识到，是苦干、决心和她善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。(4)You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.你等错地方了。长途客车是在旅店接送游客的。(5)It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it

24、 was to have helped someone in trouble.正是当我们回家的时候，我才意识到帮助别人于危难之时的感觉是多么令人愉快。12. Thats why weve given you the letter.这正是我们给你这封信的原因。That is why.句式中why引导一个表语从句。This/That is why. 这/那就是为什么，这/那就是的原因This/That is because. 这/那是因为The reason why . is that. 的原因是例句(1)He went away from his post without permission

25、and this was why I was angry with him他未经允许就离开了工作岗位，这就是我生他的气的原因。(2)That is because so many things depend on them.那是因为有那么多事情都依赖着他们。(3)The reason why he didnt come was that he was ill.他没来是因为他病了。注意表语从句中的why，because以及that可根据“直译法”去判断，也就是语境当中翻译成“是因为”就用because，翻译成“那就是为什么”就用why，而如果翻译成“是”，在表语从句中多用that。13. ind

26、icatevt.& vi.表明；显示 vt.象征；暗示indication n.迹象；表示；标示indicate sth 象征/表明/标志indicate sth to sb 向某人指出；向某人表示indicate that. 示意；预示indicate wh-从句 表明；指出例句(1)A red sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day.夜空呈红色往往预兆第二天天气晴朗。(2)She took out a map and indicated the quickest route to us.她拿出一张地图，给我们指出最快捷的

27、路线。(3)Research indicates that eating habits are changing fast.研究显示，饮食习惯正迅速改变。(4)This example indicated how the culture affects the business.这个例子表明文化对企业影响的方式。14. postponevt.延迟；延期；延缓postpone sth. 推迟某事postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事例句(1)Well have to postpone the meeting until next week because of the bad wea

28、ther.由于天气不好，我们不得不把会议推迟到下周。(2)It has been decided that the meeting should be postponed till next Saturday.已经决定，会议延期到下星期六举行。三 Listening and Talking 1. in case以防；以防万一in case 以防；万一in case of 万一；如果发生in any case 无论如何；总之in no case 决不in that/this case 如果是那/这样的话；在那/这种情况下as is often the case 这是常有的事例句(1)Take a

29、n umbrella with you in case it rains.Take an umbrella with you in case of rain.带上伞以防下雨。(2)In case it rains/In case of rain，we should get our bikes inside the house.我们应该把自行车放在屋里，以防下雨。注意(1)in case可用作连词，引导从句，也可以单独使用，常位于句末，相当于一个副词。(2)in no case位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。(3)当case作先行词且在定语从句中作状语时，要用where引导定语从句。2. hesit

30、atevi.犹豫；迟疑；顾虑hesitation n踌躇；犹豫 hesitate at/about/over sth 对犹豫不决hesitate to do sth 对某事迟疑，不情愿做某事without hesitation 毫不犹豫地例句(1)Dont hesitate to tell us if you have a problem.你有问题就直截了当地告诉我们。(2)Tom hesitated about/at/over the choice between the two courses，while Mary made her choice without hesitation.汤姆

31、对这两门课程之间的选择犹豫不决，但玛丽毫不犹豫地就做出了选择。(3)Without hesitation，she leaped into the water and saved the drowning child.她果敢地跳入水中，救起溺水的孩子。Grammar情态动词和过去将来时一、情态动词情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。初中阶段大家已经学习了一些情态动词，这里将对情态动词的特征、功能和用法进行总结。1情态动词的基本特征(1)在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化，只有could，would，had to，might等几个过去式，其他情态动词如must、ought to等的过去

32、式皆与现在式同形。(2)在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义，如can可以表达“能力；可能；许可”等。(3)在用法上，情态动词与助动词一样，需后接动词原形，构成谓语动词。2情态动词的否定式及缩略形式情态动词否定式缩略形式cancannot/can notcantshallshall notshantcouldcould notcouldntshouldshould notshouldntmaymay notwillwill notwontmightmight notmightntwouldwould notwouldntmustmust notmustntneedneed notneedntda

33、redare notdarentought toought not tooughtnt to3. 情态动词的主要表意功能表示能力The little boy can read and write.这个小男孩会读写。I could feel the ground shaking.我能感觉到地面在震动。表示可能和推测Those of you who are familiar with the game will know this.熟悉这个游戏的人应该都知道。They made a bet which would settle their argument.他们打了个赌，这将解决他们的争论。Oh，

34、you must be Sylvias husband.你就是Sylvia的丈夫吧。It may seem lucky to you but not to me.你可能觉得很幸运，但我不觉得。That might not be true.那可能不是真的。There ought to be enough space for all of us.我们所有人应该有足够的空间。表示许可或禁止You can go off duty now.你现在可以下班了。You cant open it until two oclock.你要到两点钟才能打开它。You may not smoke here.你不能在这

35、里吸烟。You shouldnt take her help for granted.你不应该把她的帮助看作是理所当然的。You mustnt do that.你不可以那样做。表示发出指示或提出请求Will you please take her to the library?请你带她去图书馆好吗?Could you offer me work here?你能让我在这里工作吗?Can I ask a question?我可以问个问题吗？May we ask what youre doing in this country？我们可以问一下你在这个国家做什么吗?表示提出帮助或发出邀请Will yo

36、u stay for lunch?留下来吃午饭好吗?Wouldnt you like to come with me?你愿意和我一起去吗?May I help you?有什么可以帮你的吗？Shall I put it in a box？我要把它放在盒子里吗?表示提出建议You could ask the teacher for help.你可以向老师求助。You should write him a letter.你应该给他写封信。The cookies Susan made are delicious，you ought to try some.苏珊做的饼干很好吃，你应该尝一尝。表示愿望Wo

37、uld you recommend the play to other people?你会把这出戏推荐给别人看吗?I would like to know the date.我想知道日期。Id love to go to your birthday party.我很想去参加你的生日聚会Id rather not pay you now.我宁愿现在不付钱给你。表示义务和需要You must come at once.你必须马上来。We have to wear uniforms at school.我们在学校必须穿校服。I ought to be on my way.我该走了。4.情态动词难点透

38、视英语中的情态动词虽然为数不多，但是要掌握好它们的用法并不容易。下面结合同学们在使用情态动词时不易掌握的难点谈几点看法。(1)cancan表示可能性时，指的是理论上的可能，它通常不用来表示某事实际发生的可能性或真实性。如：Accidents can happen. Anybody can make mistakes.意外随时可能发生。任何人都可能犯错误。如果我们要表达某事发生的实际可能性，要用may，could或might等。We may spend our summer holidays in Hangzhou this year.今年我们可能在杭州过暑假。Will you answer t

39、he telephone？It could/may/might be your mother.你去接电话好吗?可能是你妈妈。could用来征求意见时，语气要比can委婉，但在回答问题时我们不能用could，因为语气委婉，可能性就变小了。如：Could I use your telephone?Yes，please go ahead.我能用一下你的电话吗?可以，你用吧。在过去时态的肯定句中需要某种条件或努力做成某事，我们要用was/were able to而不能用could。如：It was a holiday and the children were able to go to the se

40、aside.那天是假日，孩子们可以去海边了。The girl worked hard so she was able to pass the final test.这个女孩学习很努力，所以她能通过最后的考试。(2)must与have to都可以表示“必须”的意思，但要注意以下两点区别。must只有现在时，而have to有现在时、过去时和将来时。如：We must work hard，or well fail in the examination. 我们必须努力学习，否则我们会考试不及格的。Years ago，the poor girl had to leave school for lack

41、 of money.几年前，这个可怜的女孩因为缺钱不得不离开学校。must表示主观看法，have to则侧重于客观需要。如：We must be strict with ourselves in everything. 我们必须在每件事上严格要求自己。In cities with many cars，some people have to wear masks.在汽车多的城市，有些人不得不戴口罩。(3)must表示推测时，其反意疑问句有好几种形式。“must动词原形”对目前的情况进行推测时以及用mustbev.ing形式对目前正在发生的情况进行推测时，疑问短语部分要与must之后的动词相一致。

42、如：The mathematics teacher must be in the office now，isnt he?数学老师现在一定在办公室，是吗?“musthave过去分词”用来表示对已经发生的事情进行推论。如果句子中有过去的时间状语，疑问部分用助动词didnt；否则，疑问部分用havent或hasnt。如：The children must have watered the tomatoes yesterday，didnt they?孩子们昨天一定浇过西红柿了，是吗?The minister must have arrived in Shanghai，hasnt he?部长一定已经到达

43、上海了，是吗?(4)shall可以用来征求对方意见，用于第一、三人称。此外它也可以用来表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺、威胁或决心等，这时它用于第二、三人称。如：Shall she go to the concert with us this evening？(征求意见)今晚她和我们一起去听音乐会好吗?You shall go to the front at once.(命令)你应该马上到前线去。Dont worry. You shall get the answer this very afternoon.(允诺)别担心。今天下午你就会得到答案。He shall be sorry one day

44、. I tell you.(警告)总有一天他会后悔的。我告诉你。Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollution.(决心)什么也不能阻止我们与污染作斗争。(5)在表示将来的时间、条件状语从句中，不能用will(这时的will不是情态动词，而是助动词，帮助构成将来时)。如：If it will rain tomorrow，we shall not go to the mountain village.(误)If it rains tomorrow，we shall not go to the mountain village.(正)如果明天下雨，我们就不去那个山村了。当情态动词will表示意愿或决心时，是可以用于条件状语从句的。如：If you will listen to me，Ill give you some advice on how to learn English.如果你愿意听我的话，我将给你一些如何学习英语的建议。If you will come this way，the manager will meet you.如果你来这边，经理会接待你。(6)should除表示必要或义务外，还可表示推测或可能。如：The American friends should b