上海市实验学校2022届高三下学期3月模拟考试 英语 试题（含答案）.doc

1、上海实验高中2021-2022学年高三下英语三月考语法填空Recent literature has put the spotlight on how technology and social media are shaping the next generation, and the consensus(共识)seems to be that its a sharp double-edged sword. New research published in Computers in Human Behavior is no exception.The study,led by facult

2、y at Wellesley Centers for Women, found that _1_ (join)social media specifically, Snapchat and Instagram before age 11 was significantly linked to more “problematic digital behaviors” _2_ (compare) to those who joined the platforms when they were older.The team surveyed over 750 middle schoolers in

3、the Northeast United States, and found that those who joined these platforms at or below age 10 had more internet buddies that parents would disapprove of, and visited more social websites that _3_ (frown) upon.They also showed more “unsympathetic online behaviors” and were more likely to become vic

4、tims of online bullying or harassment. Altogether, it was a jumble of (一堆)problematic digital moods. Of course,that might not be news to social media giant Facebook. Some recent leaks in the Wall Street Journal revealed how the platform was aware for some time _4_ it was “toxic” for teen girls, and

5、also detailed its ambitions to lure teens and pre-teens with targeted kid-specific products. _5_ almost all social media, including Twitter and TikTok, Facebooks rules require users to be at least 13 years old to join. However, people _6_ sign up self-report their own dates of birth, so its hardly a

6、n effective firewall, and by commonsense, its nearly a given that packs of children are roaming(漫游)the social media universe. In fact, “one-third of our sample had already started using social media at age 11 or 12 and another one-third had begun at age 10 or younger,” study author Linda Charmaraman

7、 said in a statement. _7_ that doesnt mean its a lost cause. The studys findings also suggest parents can combat the harmful impacts by limiting how often their kids check social media, or restricting phone usage. Participants who reported such parental controls showed _8_ (lessen) negative effects.

8、And its not all bad: According to the research, those who joined social media before age 11also showed _9_ (great) civic engagement within the online community-such as posting supportive content or fostering events and activism for social issues. Also,regardless of when they joined social media, ear

9、ly adolescents displayed more positive digital behaviors overall than negative ones.As the first children raised in the social-media era grow into their 20s and 30s,the effects of the internet revolution will likely become more profound, and we can expect that the need _10_ (understand) how tech sha

10、pes kids in their most impressionable years will only become more urgent.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.diversifying B.depressed C.shifted D.breaking E.hammer F.contr

11、oversial G.initially H.converting I.wholly J.dump K.circulationsSoaring newsprint costs make life even harderThe cost of paper around the world is rising to record highs, pushing up expenses for newspapers from Mumbai to Sydney. When times were good, before ads _11_ online, newspapers had a supporti

12、ve partnership with paper mills. As ads departed and _12_ fell, they are now at the shouting stage.Paper mills had the worst of it for years as newspapers went _13_ digital or shut for good. The papers were able to _14_ down the cost of newsprint from firms fighting for business as demand declined.

13、Many hesitated to shut massive machines costing hundreds of millions of dollars.That hesitance has disappeared; mills are taking out newsprint capacity and _15_. Norske Skog, a Norwegian paper firm, said in June it would close its 66-year-old Tasman Mill in New Zealand, for example. Many mills are _

14、16_ machines to make packaging for e-commerce.UPM, a Finnish firm, announced this year the sale of its Shotton newsprint mill in Wales to a Turkish maker of container board and packaging. For JCS Volga, a Russian mill, newsprint used to account for 70% of production; now half of what it makes is pac

15、kaging. The pandemic, with people working from home, meant even fewer newspaper purchases, which _17_ demand for newsprint again and increased the pain for paper suppliers. In the past 24 months European mills have responded by shutting almost a fifth of their newsprint capacity, says a buyer for a

16、large British newspaper group.Then economies reopened. Newsprint demand shot up. That, combined with much reduced capacity and coupled with soaring energy prices, has resulted in a price shock. Particularly _18_ are energy surcharges that some paper suppliers are seeking to pass on.Newspaper firms r

17、eckon this amounts to _19_contracts. European newspapers will have to pay newsprint prices that are 50-70% higher in the first quarter of 2022 compared with the year before.Germanys print and media industry association has warned that mills are going to force newspapers to _20_ paper editions, hurti

18、ng each other in the process. “Its about the famous branch that both of them are sitting on,” it said recently. But mills can sell packaging instead. “Were not going to save the publishing industry by being unprofitable ourselves,”says a mill executive in North America.III.Reading ComprehensionSecti

19、on ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Picture yourself driving down a city street. Suddenly you see something in the middle of the road ahead. A torn paper bag, a

20、 lost shoe, or something else? Youll quickly determine the actions that best fit the _21_-what humans call having“common sense”.However_22_ “obstacles” that no human would ever stop for, AI self-driving vehicles are likely to apply the brakes unexpectedly.The challenges for self-driving vehicles won

21、t be solved by giving them more training data or rules for what to do in unusual situations. To be trustworthy, these vehicles need common sense to solve the object-in-the-road problem: broad _23_ about the properties of objects and an ability to _24_ adapt that knowledge in new circumstances. You c

22、an predict, _25_, that while a pile of glass on the road wont flyaway as you approach, birds likely will. From this _26_ the term “common sense” seems to _27_ exactly what current AI systems cannot do.Their lack of a _28_ of commonsense makes them susceptible to unpredictable errors, which humans wi

23、ll never make.Todays AI systems use neural networks, algorithms(算法) trained to spot patterns, based on data gathered from extensive collections of human-labeled examples.This _29_ is very different from how humans learn. We humans seem to come into the world with inborn knowledge of certain basic co

24、ncepts-including the ideas of objects and events and the nature of space. We arent even _30_ that we have it, or that it forms the basis for all future learning. A big lesson from decades of AI research is how hard it is to teach such _31_ to machines. The history of planting common sense in AI syst

25、ems has largely focused on cataloging human knowledge: manually programming and _32_ stereotyped(模式化的)situations. But all such attempts face a possibly fatal _33_. Much of our instinctive knowledge is unwritten,unspoken,and not even in our conscious awareness. A US AI research agency recently launch

26、ed a programme. It challenges researchers to create an AI system that learns from “experience” in order to acquire the cognitive abilities of an 18-month-old baby. It might seem strange that _34_ a baby is considered a grand challenge for AI, but this reflects the gulf between AIs success in specifi

27、c fields and more general intelligence. If we can figure out how to get our machines to learn like children, perhaps after some years, these young “commonsense agents” will finally become teenagers-ones who are sufficiently sensible to be _35_ with the car keys.21. A. situationB. environmentC. conte

28、xtD. regulation22. A. inspectingB. locatingC. trackingD. spotting23. A. horizonB. mindC. knowledgeD. control24. A. casuallyB. flexiblyC. routinelyD. mechanically25. A. as a resultB. in a wordC. for exampleD. in the meantime26. A. perspectiveB. conclusionC. conditionD. inference27. A. diagnoseB. anal

29、yzeC. specifyD. capture28. A. predictionB. foundationC. definitionD. motivation29. A. processB. experienceC. tendencyD. strategy30. A. contentB. confidentC. consciousD. concerned31. A. approachesB. proceduresC. skillsD. concepts32. A. registeringB. presentingC. uncoveringD. reviewing33. A. obstacleB

30、. prejudiceC. consequenceD. error34. A. trainingB. raisingC. deliveringD. matching35. A. burdenedB. rewardedC. entrustedD. honoredSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marke

31、d A,B.C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Sandra Boynton, a childrens author, has in more recent years branched out into kids music. Her most recent album Hog Wild!, for example, features Samuel L. Jackson as a Tyrannosaurus Rex.

32、She talked in an interview about how to tap into kids imaginations and how to make scary things less threatening for them.In your years of writing and illustrating childrens books, have you noticed anything that really sparks a childs imagination?I think maybe theres no basic difference between what

33、 fascinates a child and what fascinates the rest of us. Were all drawn to things that wake us up, things that grab our attention through our hearing or our sight or our sense of touch. Were curious about the world as it is, and were curious about what could be. Imagination follows curiosity pretty n

34、aturally.It doesnt feel to me like its been a long time that Ive been drawing and writing things. It doesnt feel like a short time, either. It just feels like what I do. I make things. Im a permanent Kindergartner, I guess.You often take a threatening figure like a Tyrannosaurus Rex or a monster and

35、 make him cute Do you have any suggestions for how to make children less afraid of things?Actually, I think kids kind of like being afraid of things, as long as someone calm is right there with reassurance. Hugging helps.What have you learned about childhood from writing kids books?Accessing childho

36、od has actually never been that hard. Its adulthood thats still perplexing. I would guess that most childrens book writers are that way. Im really writing books and making music for my own child-self. But Im certainly delighted and grateful that my books work for people other than just me. It keeps

37、me from having to find an actual job.A lot of authors are worried that children spend too much time on digital devices rather than with books, but you seem to have embraced it. Why?When the interactive book app universe was new, I was, as a creator of things, curious. My background is theater, and I

38、 thought it could be interesting to try to figure out how to create content thats both theater-like and book-like. I found a superb partner in this, the insanely ingenious Loud Crow Interactive in Vancouver. We worked intensively together for a couple of years and made five very cool apps. Im proud

39、of them. But now, having too often seen very young kids sitting idly, staring at screens, I have my doubts.36. What does Sandra Boynton think about imagination?A. It fascinates both adults and children.B. It can be waken up by attention to senses.C. It can be naturally aroused out of curiosity.D. It

40、 lasts for long in a permanent kindergartner.37. When writing childrens books, Sandra _.Afinds herself confused about remembering childhoodB. agrees with other book writers that writing is hardC. puts herself in a childs place and thinks like a childD. is delighted that she doesnt need to find anoth

41、er job38. Sandra thinks the apps she made with her partner were cool because they were _.A. new ways to increase interactions between usersB. interactive by combining theatre and bookC. beneficial with the content both theatre-like and book-likeD. created by an insanely ingenious expert and friend39

42、. We can conclude from the interview that _.A. Sandra is good at making a threatening figure cuteB. kids are always calm instead of being afraid of thingsC. digital devices have been embraced by most of the authorsD. there were no interactive book apps before Sandras apps(B)Thank You for Shopping wi

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